ANTIDIABETIC PLANTS FOR DRUG DISCOVERY Pharmacology, Secondary Metabolite Profiling, and Ingredients with Insulin Mimetic Activity Cover photo credits: Top left: Azadirachta indica. Photo by J.M.Garg. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadirachta_indica#/ media/File:Neem_(Azadirachta_indica)_in_Hyderabad_W_IMG_6976.jpg. https://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/3.0/ Bottom left: Gymnema sylvestre. Photo by Lalithamba from India. https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Gymnema_sylvestre#/media/File:Gymnema_sylvestre_R.Br_-_Flickr_-_lalithamba.jpg. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ Top right: Mulberry fruit in Libya. Photo by Tarek Siala from Tripoli, Libya. https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Morus_(plant)#/media/File:Mulberry_in_Libya.jpg. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ Bottom right: Raw cinnamon bark. Photo by Bertrand Thiry. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamon#/ media/File:Baton_de_cannelle.jpg. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ ANTIDIABETIC PLANTS FOR DRUG DISCOVERY Pharmacology, Secondary Metabolite Profiling, and Ingredients with Insulin Mimetic Activity Edited by Deepu Pandita, MPhil Anu Pandita, MSc Chander Bhanu, MBBS, PGDDCE First edition published 2023 Apple Academic Press Inc. CRC Press 1265 Goldenrod Circle, NE, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Palm Bay, FL 32905 USA Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 USA 760 Laurentian Drive, Unit 19, 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Burlington, ON L7N 0A4, CANADA Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN UK © 2023 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. 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Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Title: Antidiabetic plants for drug discovery : pharmacology, secondary metabolite profiling, and ingredients with insulin mimetic activity / edited by Deepu Pandita, PhD, Anu Pandita, PhD, Chander Bhanu, PhD. Names: Pandita, Deepu, 1977- editor. | Pandita, Anu, 1977- editor. | Bhanu, Chander, 1973- editor. Description: First edition. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: Canadiana (print) 20220282307 | Canadiana (ebook) 20220282374 | ISBN 9781774910061 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781774910078 (softcover) | ISBN 9781003282938 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Medicinal plants. | LCSH: Botany, Medical. | LCSH: Diabetes—Alternative treatment. | LCSH: Hypoglycemic agents. Classification: LCC SB293 .A58 2023 | DDC 633.8/8—dc23 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data CIP data on file with US Library of C o ngress ISBN: 978-1-77491-006-1 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-77491-007-8 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-00328-293-8 (ebk) About the Editors Deepu Pandita, MPhil Senior Lecturer, Government Department of School Education, Jammu, Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India Deepu Pandita is working as a Senior Lecturer in the Government Depart ment of School Education, Jammu, Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Deepu Pandita has more than 18 years of teaching experience and earned her Master of Botany (MSc) at the University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India, and Master of Philosophy (MPhil) in Biotechnology from the University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Deepu Pandita has a number of international and national courses to her credit. Deepu Pandita has qualified fellowships including JRF NET and SRF from the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India, Biotechnology Fellowship, Government Department of Science and Technology, Jammu & Kashmir, India; and IASC-INSA-NASI Summer Research Teacher Fellow ship, India. Deepu Pandita has presented her research at work at both the national and international conferences and was awarded a Best Oral Presen tation Award in the International Conference on Biotechnology for Better Tomorrow, a Women Researcher Award, and Research Excellence Award by two professional associations in India. Deepu Pandita is a life member of various scientific societies. Deepu Pandita acts as a reviewer (18 journals) and associate editor and editor of a number of international journals. Deepu Pandita has published a number of editorials, 25 book chapters (Springer, Elsevier, CRC, etc.), reviews, and research articles in various journals of national and international repute like Cells (MDPI) (IF=7.666), Frontiers in Plant Sciences (IF=6.627), and Frontiers in Physiology (IF=4.566) and has currently six books in the process of production. Anu Pandita, MSc Dietician, Vatsalya Clinic, New Delhi, India Anu Pandita is working as a Senior Dietician at Vatsalya Clinic, E-5/11, Krishna Nagar, New Delhi, India. Previously she worked as a Lecturer at the Bee Enn College of Nursing, Talab Tillo, Jammu, India, and Dietician vi About the Editors at the Ahinsa Dham Bhagwan Mahavir Charitable Health Centre, New Delhi, India. Anu Pandita has done her MSc internship and a course in the Dietetics Department of PGI, Chandigarh, India. Anu Pandita has taken a case study at the Pediatric Gastroenterology Ward at ‘‘Nehru Hospital’’ PGI, Chandigarh, India, on a patient suffering from chronic liver disease. She earned a certificate for a course in food and nutrition as well. She has a number of training sessions, refresher courses, and workshops to her credit. Anu Pandita is a life-time member of the Indian Dietetic Associa tion and Indian Science Congress Association, Kolkata, India. Anu Pandita has presented her research at work at both the national and international conferences. Anu Pandita has published various book chapters in Springer, CRC, etc. publications and has a number of review and research articles in various journals of national and international repute, including Cells (MDPI) (IF=7.666) and Frontiers in Physiology (IF=4.566). She currently has six books in the process of production. Chander Bhanu, MBBS, PGDDCE Senior Consultant Physician, Vatsalya Clinic; Dr. Kailash Chander Jain Memorial Clinic; Ahinsa Dham Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Center, New Delhi, India Chander Bhanu, MBBS, PGDDCE, is working as a Senior Consultant Physician at Vatsalya Clinic, Krishna Nagar, New Delhi, Dr. Kailash Chander Jain Memorial Clinic, and Ahinsa Dham Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Center, Madhu Vihar, New Delhi, India. Dr. Bhanu earned his MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) from Govt. Medical College, Calicut, Kerala, and PGDDCE (Post Graduate Diploma in Diabetes and Clinical Endocrinology) from the Royal College of Physicians, United Kingdom. Dr. Bhanu has a certification in diabetes mellitus accredited by the Royal Liverpool Academy, United Kingdom. Previously he has worked as a neuro associate in the Institute of Brain and Spine; resident medical officer at the VIMHANS (Vidya Sagar Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences) Hospital, New Delhi; and a chief medical officer in Primus Hospital; and Medical Officer in Neurology and Neurosurgery Departments in Fortis Hospital. He has expertise and experience in various clinical procedures such as pleural tapping, ascitic tapping, lumbar puncture, suturing, and other procedures both in pediatrics and adult groups and also deals with stroke and accident cases as well. Contents Contributors ......................................................................................................... ix Abbreviations .....................................................................................................xiii Preface .............................................................................................................. xvii 1. Azadirachta indica: Its Biological, Pharmacological, Antidiabetic Potential, and Omics Applications ...................................... 1 Vincent Ezin1 and Ifagbemi Bienvenue Chabi 2. Gymnema sylvestre (Asclepiadaceae): Multi-Potent Medicinal Plant with Potential for Antidiabetes and Obesity ................................. 23 Ramachandra Reddy Pamuru, Ambedkar Yarrapalle, and D. Vijaya Lakshmi 3. Perspectives of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, as a Potential Rational Herbal Medicine for Diabetes .................................................. 55 Lepakshi Md. Bhakshu, K. Venkata Ratnam, Deepu Pandita, Anu Pandita, Pulala Raghuveer Yadav, and R. R. Venkata Raju 4. Cinnamomum zeylanicum: Nature’s Wonder Plant with Antidiabetic Prominence ..........................................................................83 Sasireka Rajendran, Anu Pandita, Vinoth Rathinam, Sugumari Vallinayagam, Deepu Pandita, and Madheswaran Muthusamy 5. Antidiabetic Potential of the Insulin Plant (Costus pictus) .................. 105 Kavita Rani, Swati Priya, Narender Singh, and Ruchi Bansal 6. Health Benefits of Trigonella foenum-graecum with Regard to Metabolomics of Antidiabetic Efficiency .............................................. 147 Neha Sharma, Rajesh Singh Tomar, and Shuchi Kaushik 7. Mulberry: From Root to Fruit with Antidiabetic Properties ............. 171 Masarat Bashir and Ashraf Dar 8. The Antidiabetic Effect of Nigella sativa L. with Respect to Its Phytochemicals and the Mechanism of Action ............................... 193 Iffat Zareen Ahmad viii Contents 9. Aegle marmelos (L.) as a Functional Food for Managing Diabetes Mellitus .....................................................................................221 Khyatie Anjaria, Himanshu Dawda, Karishma Rajbhar, and Usha Mukundan 10. Garlic (Allium sativum): A Potential Antidiabetic Agent ..................... 247 Prabhash Kumar Pandey, Jayant Dewangan, Shambhoo Sharan Tripathi, Ranjan Singh, Farrukh Jamal, and Srikanta Kumar Rath 11. Antidiabetic Potential of Ficus benghalensis ........................................ 277 Diksha Kapoor and Tabassum Khan Index ................................................................................................................. 303 Contributors Iffat Zareen Ahmad Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow – 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India, E-mail: [email protected] Khyatie Anjaria Department of Botany, Ramniranjan Jhunjhunwala College, Ghatkopar (W), Mumbai – 400 086, Maharashtra, India Ruchi Bansal Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi – 110012, India, E-mail: [email protected] Masarat Bashir College of Temperate Sericulture, Sheri-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, E-mail: [email protected] Lepakshi Md. Bhakshu Department of Botany, PVKN Government College (Autonomous), Chittoor – 517 002, Andhra Pradesh, India, E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] Ifagbemi Bienvenue Chabi Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Benin Ashraf Dar Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir – 190006, India, E-mail: [email protected] Himanshu Dawda Department of Botany, Ramniranjan Jhunjhunwala College, Ghatkopar (W), Mumbai – 400 086, Maharashtra, India Jayant Dewangan Genotoxicity Lab, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Vincent Ezin Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Benin, E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] Farrukh Jamal Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India Diksha Kapoor Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India