Anticipating Expanded Duties and a Changing Labor Pool

53 Pages·2005·0.26 MB·English

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Police Personnel
Challenges After
September 11
Anticipating Expanded Duties
and a Changing Labor Pool
Barbara Raymond, Laura J. Hickman,
Laura Miller, Jennifer S. Wong
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited
The research described in this report results from the RAND Corporation’s continuing
program of self-initiated research. Support for such research is provided, in part, by donors
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Police personnel challenges after September 11 : anticipating expanded duties and a changing labor pool /
Barbara Raymond ... [et al.].
p. cm.
“OP-154.”
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-8330-3850-8 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Police—Recruiting—United States. 2. Police administration—United States. I. Raymond, Barbara.
HV8141.P584 2005
363.2'2'0973—dc22
2005024192
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Preface
This occasional paper results from the RAND Corporation’s continuing program of self-
initiated research. Support for such research is provided, in part, by donors and by the inde-
pendent research and development provisions of RAND’s contracts for the operation of its
U.S. Department of Defense federally funded research and development centers.
This paper should be of interest to law enforcement agency administrators and
policymakers at all levels of government. Its focus is primarily on personnel planning of local
law enforcement agencies, but its lessons and recommendations can apply to state and federal
law enforcement, as well as intelligence and immigration enforcement agencies.
This document is a publication in the RAND occasional paper series. These publica-
tions include essays, conference papers, and working papers, and provide informed perspec-
tives on timely policy issues and discussions of research directions. Occasional papers provide
RAND researchers a means of communicating to a targeted audience, and are formally peer
reviewed. They are not intended to represent an in-depth investigation or thorough analysis
of specific issues of public policy. Instead, they are intended to call attention to emerging
issues and help frame discussion around these issues.
This research was conducted under the auspices of the Safety and Justice Program
within RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment (ISE). Safety and Justice Program
research addresses occupational safety; transportation safety; food safety; and public safety,
including violence, policing, corrections, substance abuse, and public integrity.
RAND is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking
through research and analysis. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions
or policies of its research sponsors. Comments are welcome and may be addressed to Barbara
Raymond, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA
90407-2138 or [email protected]. For more information on the Safety and
Justice Program within ISE, contact Andrew Morral, Director, Safety and Justice Program,
RAND Corporation, 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050 or
[email protected]. More information about RAND is available at www.rand.org.
iii

Contents
Preface..................................................................................................iii
Figures.................................................................................................vii
Summary...............................................................................................ix
Acknowledgments....................................................................................xiii
Abbreviations..........................................................................................xv
SECTION 1
Introduction............................................................................................1
Background.............................................................................................1
Objective and Approach................................................................................1
Organization of the Document ........................................................................3
SECTION 2
Changing Demands for Police Services...............................................................5
Population Pressures on Traditional Police Services...................................................5
Community Policing...................................................................................6
Homeland Security.....................................................................................7
Examples of How the Long Beach Police Department Has Adapted to New Service Demands......8
Department Responses.................................................................................8
SECTION 3
A Shifting Supply of Qualified and Interested Candidates..........................................11
Growing Need for Police Forces to “Look” More Like the Communities They Serve...............12
The Changing Nature of the Recruiting Pool.........................................................12
Competition for Personnel from Other Fields........................................................14
Efforts by the Long Beach Police Department to Increase Supply....................................16
Department Responses................................................................................16
SECTION 4
How the Military Experience Might Apply to Police Departments.................................19
The Military Personnel Planning Process.............................................................19
Adapting the Process for a Local Police Environment ................................................20
Labor Supply Lessons from the Military Experience..................................................24
v
vi Police Personnel Challenges After September 11: Anticipating Expanded Duties and a Changing Labor Pool
SECTION 5
Conclusion............................................................................................29
References.............................................................................................33
Figures
1. Demographic Trends May Restrict the Recruiting Pool.....................................13
2. Potentially Increasing Competition for Suitable Candidates.................................15
3. The Military Takes a Strategic Approach to Determine Personnel Needs...................20
4. A Needs Assessment for Police Services Drives the Approach ...............................22
vii