Anticarcinogenesis and Radiation Protection

488 Pages·1988·16.46 MB·English

by  William A. Pryor (auth.), Peter A. Cerutti, Oddvar F. Nygaard, Michael G. Simic (eds.)

Anticarcinogenesis
and Radiation
Protection
Anticarcinogenesis
and Radiation
Protection
Edited by
Peter A. Cerutti
Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research
Lausanne, Switzerland
Oddvar F. Nygaard
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio
and
Michael G. Simic
National Bureau of Standards
Gaithersburg, Maryland
Plenum Press • New York and London
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Conference on Anticarcinogenesis and Radiation Protection (2nd: 1987:
Gaithersburl. Md.)
Anticarcinolcncsis and radiation protection.
"Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Anticarcinolencsis and
Radiation Protection. held March 1-12. 1987, in Gaithenbur,. Maryland" - T.p. verso.
Includes bibliograplUcs and indeJl.
I. Tumors. Radiation·induccd-Prevcntion-Congresscs. 2. Radiation-protective
agents-Congresses. I. Ceruni, Peter A. II. Nygaard, Oddvar F. III . Simic, Michael G.
IV. Title. IDNLM; I . Antineoplastic Agents-congresses. 2. Carcino,ens-congresses.
3. Radiation Protection-con,resses. W3 IN I682 2nd 1987a / QV 2691602 J987a]
RC268.SS. IS7 1987 616.99'4 87-36133
ISBN 971-1-4615-6464-5 ISBN 978-14615-6462-1 (l'I~ook)
DOl 10.10071978-1-4615-6462-\
Procccdinss of the Second International Conference on Anticarcino,encsis
and Radiat ion Protection, held March 8-12, 1987, in Gaithenbur,. Maryland
© 1987 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the: hardcover 1st edition 1987
A Division of Plenum Publish in, Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 1001l
All rights reserv~
No part of this book may be reproduced. stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means. electronic. mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the: Publisher
PREFACE
This book is based on the invited and contributed papers presented at
the 2nd International Conference on Anticarcinogenesis and Radiation
Protection held at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg,
Maryland, USA, on March 8-12, 1987. The conference documented
developments that have taken place in areas that were addressed during the
first conference in 1982. A number of new topics, such as biological
response modifiers, were included because of their emerging relevance to
anticarcinogenesis and radiation protection. The organization of the
material in this book does not follow the conference program; rather, we
have attempted to provide a different sequence for didactic reasons.
The aim of the conference, which is reflected in this book, was to
promote further development of mechanistic approaches to cancer prevention
and treatment based on recent progress in molecular biology and free
radical chemistry. At the basis of carcinogenesis lie changes in the
dynamics of growth and differentiation of specific cell subpopulations in
the target tissue. 'These changes are brought about by selective toxicity
and modulation of gene expression that are induced by xenobiotic
carcinogens and affected by physiological and genetic factors. The book
deals with oxidative stress and molecular damage caused by radiation and
chemical pro-oxidants and their role in carcinogenesis, and it discusses
mechanisms of deregulation of the expression of oncogenes and other genes
involved in carcinogenic initiation and promotion. Attention is given to
the mechanisms of chemoprevention, including the effects of some dietary
constituents, and to approaches that amplify the cellular and organismic
defenses against the initiation and growth of tumors.
The organizers of the conference believe that the publication of these
proceedings will stimulate further the interaction and cross-fertilization
of ideas among chemists, biochemists, and molecular biologists, as well as
clinicians concerned about the causes and treatment of cancer.
P. Cerutti
O.F. Nygaard
M.G. Simic
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Chairman and the Co-Chairmen of the 2nd International Conference on
Anticarcinogenesis and Radiation Protection wish to acknowledge financial
support and/or sponsorship by The National Bureau of Standards, The
Environmental protection Agency, The National Cancer Institute, and The
National Council for Radiation Protection and Measurements.
A great debt of gratitude is owed to the members of the Organizing
Committee: Donald C. Borg, Randall S. Caswell, Bernard D. Goldstein, Eric
J. Hall, John B. Little, David G. Longfellow, Dan L. Longo, and to the
Session Chairmen: William A. pryor, Lawrence J. Marnett, Stuart H. Yuspa,
Curtis C. Harris, Arthur B. Pardee, Isaiah J. Fidler, James E. Talmadge,
and Charles H. Hennekens, all of whom assisted in the organization of the
program.
The continued support and encouragement by Ernest Ambler, Director of
The National Bureau of Standards; Raymond G. Kammer, Deputy Director of
the National Bureau of Standards; and Richard H. Adamson, Director of The
Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, have been greatly
appreciated.
Finally, we wish to express our gratitude to The National Bureau of
Standards for providing facilities and management assistance for the
Conference. Special thanks go to Janet N. Hauber, Conference Coordinator;
to the NBS Arrangement Committee: Sara R. Torre~ce, Kathy C. Stang and
Mary E. Conneran; to other NBS staff: Gloria Wiersma and Cassandra D.
Beck; and to Technical Writer Karen A. Taylor of the International Life
Sciences Institute.
CONTENTS
FREE RADICAL MECHANISMS
The Involvement of Free Radicals in Chemical Carcinogenesis
W.A. Pryor
Autoxidation and Enzymatic Oxidation of Unsaturated Lipids·. 11
N.A. Porter
Electron vs. H-Atom Transfer in Chemical Repair 17
M.G. Simic, E.P.L. Hunter, and S.V. Jovanovic
Radiation Induced Reactions of Glutathione with Oxygen
and Their Possible Role in Biological Systems •••••••• 25
M. Tamba, G. Simone and M. Quintilliani
Potential Limitation to Hydrogen Atom Donation as a Mechanism of
Repair in Chemical Models of Radiation Damage •••••• 33
J.A. Raleigh, A.F. Fuciarelli and C.R. Kulatunga
Mechanisms of Inactivation of Oxygen Species by Carotenoids 41
N.I. Krinsky
Inhibition of Autoxidation by Vitamin E and Bilirubin 47
M. AI-Sheikhly and M.G. Simic
OXYGEN SPECIES IN CARCINOGENESIS
The Role of Active Oxygen and the Metabolism of Arachidonic Acid
in The Formation of Clastogenic Factor by Human Monocytes 51
W. Kozumbo, D. Muehlematter, T. Ochi and P. Cerutti
Clastogenic Factors, A Link Between Chronic Inflammation and
Carcinogenesis • • • • • . • • . • • • . • • • • • 59
I. Emerit
Role of Eicosanoids in Tumor Cell-Platelet-Endothelial Cell
Interactions • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 63
B.W. Steinert, B.F. Sloane, D.G. Menter, J.D. Crissman,
J.D. Taylor and K.V. Honn
The Involvement of Peroxyl Free Radicals in Tumor Initiation
and Promotion • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . • • 71
1.J. Marnett
ix
Amplification of Tissue Peroxides in Disease • • • • • • • • • • •• 81
W.E.M. Lands and R.B. Pendleton
Peroxisome Proliferation-Related Oxidative Stress and
Hepato-Carcinogenesis 85
J.K. Reddy and M.S. Rao
Hydroxyl Free Radical Mediated Strand Breaks in PBR322
Plasmid DNA • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 93
E. Schneider, J.J. Watson and R.A. Floyd
Radiation-Like Modification of DNA and H20Z Formation by
Activated Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (PMNs). 97
K. Frenkel and K. Chrzan
Mitochondrial DNA Damage During Mitochondrial Lipid Peroxidation •• 103
A.M. Hruszkewycz
1
Mitigation of Singlet Oxygen ( 6g0l) Damage in Biological Systems 109
T.A. Dahl, P.E. Hartman and W.R. Midden
Reactive Oxygen Species are Mutagenic to Mammalian Cells • • • • •• 115
A.W. Hsie
ENZYMATIC REPAIR OF DNA DAMAGE
The Expression of Bacterial DNA Alkylation Repair Enzymes in
Mer- Human Cells • • • • • • • • ••••••••• 121
L. Samson, P. Carroll, B. Derfler and W. Rebeck
DRPase, A New Activity in the DNA Base Excision Repair Pathway. •• 129
W.A. Franklin
Mechanism of Action of Exonuclease III From Escherichia coli • • •• 135
Y.W. Kow, H.lde and S.S. Wallace
The Isolation and Preliminary Characterization of Endonuclease VIII
from Escherichia coli ••••••••••••••••• 139
R.J. Melamede, Y.W. Kowand S.S. Wallace
Incorporation of Dihydrothymidine and its Triphosphate During DNA
Replication: An Implication for the Biological Consequence
of Thymine C5-C6 Bond Saturation • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 145
H. Ide, R.J. Melamede, Y.W. Kowand S.S. Wallace
Oxidative Damage: DNA Repair and Inducible Resistance 151
B. Demple, Y. Daikh, J. Greenberg and A. Johnson
5-Hydroxymethyluracil in Cellular DNA is Repaired and Sensitizes
Cells to Inhibitors of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Synthesis •••• 157
R.J. Boorstein, D.D. Levy and G.W. Teebor
Metabolic Protection Against Rapid Death Induced by High Level
DNA Damage • • 163
N.A. Berger, S.J. Berger and D.C. Sudar
x
TUMOR PROMOTION AND PROGRESSION
Tumor Promotion: A Problem of Differential Responses of Normal
and Neoplastic Cells to Trophic Stimuli 169
S.H. Yuspa, H. Hennings, T. Sako, G.R. Pettit, J. Hartley and
P.M. Blumberg
Implication of Superoxide Radical Anion in Promotion of Neoplastic
Transformation in Mouse JB6 Cells hy TPA • • • • • • •• 175
J.L. Seed, Y. Nakamura,and N.H. Colburn
Expression of Oxidant Stress-Related Genes in Tumor Promotion
of Mouse Epidermal Cells JB6 • • • • • • • • • • • 183
D. Crawford and P. Cerutti
Activation of Organic Hydroperoxide Tumor Promoters to Free
Radicals in Target Cells. • • • • • • • • • • • •• 191
B.G. Taffe, T.W. Kensler, N. Takahashi and R.P. Mason
In Vivo Stimulation of Oxy Radicals by Mouse Skin Tumor Promoters 199
G. Witz, B. Czerniecki, S.c. Gad and B.D. Goldstein
UVB Prevention of Mouse Skin Tumor Induction by the Initiation-
Promotion Protocol • • 207
H.L. Gensler
A Possible Role for Free Radicals in Tumor Progression 211
J.B. Rotstein, J.F. O'Connell and T.J. Slaga
Differential Effects of 12-0-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
(TPA) on Normal, Initiated and Transformed Cells of a
Single Mouse Keratinocyte Lineage •••• • • • • • • 221
M. Kulesz-Martin
Oncogenes and Malignant Transformation of Human Keratinocytes 227
N.E. Fusenig, P. Boukamp, D. Rreitkreutz, S. Karjetta and
R.T. Petrusevska
CHEMOPREVENTION
Nucleophiles as Anticarcinogens ••••••••••• 233
L.W. Wattenberg, J.B. Hochalter, U.D.G. Prabhu and
A.R. Galbraith
Protection from N-Nitrosodimethylamine Mediated Liver Damage by
Indole-3-Carbinol, and Correlation with Nucleophilic Index
Value •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • 241
H.G. Shertzer, M.L. Berger and M.W. Tabor
Ozone Carcinogenesis and Co-Carcinogenesis and Its Prevention 247
C. Borek, A. Ong, H. Mason, M. Zaider, G. Witz
and M.A. Mehlman
Exercise Training Effects on Mitochondrial Enzyme Activity,
Ubiquinones and Vitamin E •••••••••••••• 253
J. Lang, K. Gohil, L. Rothfuss and L. Packer
xi
Cancer Mortality Inversely Related to Plasma Levels of Antioxidant
Vitam.ins • • • • • • • • • • •• _ ••• 259
K.F. Gey, G.B. Brubacher and H.B. Stahelin
Beta-Carotene and Chemoprevention of Cancer 269
Charles F. Hennekens
Cancer Chemoprevention with Vitamin A and Beta-Carotene in
Populations at High-Risk for Lung Cancer • • • • 279
G.S. Omenn, G. Goodman, L. Rosenstock, S. Barnhart, B. Lund,
M. Thornquist and P. Feigl
Anticarcinogenic Actions of Protease Inhibitors 285
A.R. Kennedy and P.C. Billings
Possible Mechanisms of Action of the Anticarcinogenic Protease
Inhibitors • • • • • • • • ~ . 297
J. Yavelow, J.H. Kraft and L. Schepis
Dietary Choline Deficiency as a New Model to Study the Possible
Role of Free Radicals in Acute Cell Injury and in
Carcinogenesis • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 303
A.K. Ghoshal, T.H. Rushmore, D. Ghazarian, A. Ghoshal,
V. Subrahmanyan and E. Farber
Inhibition of Genotoxicity by Diallyl Sulfide and Structural
Analogues •••••••••••••••••••••• 309
M.T. Goldberg
Physiologic Anticarcinogenesis. Effects of Stable Strontium on
Metastatic Bone Disease •••••••••••• 313
S.C. Skoryna, P. Koch, E. Yeghiayan, M. Fuskova, A. Sauve
and J.F. Stara
RADIATION DAMAGE AND PROTECTION
Radiation vs Chemical Damage to DNA • • • • • • • • 321
J.G. Ward, C.L. Limoli, P. Calabro-Jones and J.W. Evans
Radon-Induced Transformation • • • • • • • • • 329
E.J. Hall, T.K. Hei and G. Randers-Pehrson
Radiation-Induced Neoplastic Transformation of Human Cell Hybrids 335
J.L. Redpath
Multiple Oncogene Activation in a Radiation Carcinogenesis Model • • 341
S.J. Garte, M.J. Sawey, F.J. Burns, M. Felber
and T. Ashkenazi-Kimmel
Radiation and Asbestos Fibers: Interaction and Possible Mechanism 345
T.K. Hei and S. Kushner
Role of Peroxidase in Stimulation of the Pentose Cycle of A549
Cells by Aerobic Irradiation • • • • • • • • • 349
M.E. Varnes and J.E. Biaglow
Toxicity and Radioprotective Efficacy of Bis (3,5-Diisopropylsalicylato)
Copper II and CUC12 •••••••••• • • • • • • • •• 355
L.K. Steel, S. Seneviratne and W.E. Jackson III
xii
TRIOLS AS ANTI CARCINOGENS AND RADIOPROTECTORS
Modulation of Glutathione Levels and Metabolism 361
A. Meister
Inhibition of Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis by N-Acetylcysteine 373
S. De Flora" C. Bennicelli, A. Camoirano, D. Serra,
C. Basso, P. Zanacchi and C.F. Cesarone
Protective Effects of Thiols on Carcinogenesis Induced in Rats by
2-Acetylaminofluorene • • • • • • • • • • • • • 381
C.F. Cesarone, L. Scarabelli, M. Orunesu, M. Bagnasco,
A. Izzotti and S. De Flora
The Role of Thiols in Response to Radiation and Drugs 387
J.E. Biaglow, M.E. Varnes, E.R. Epp and E.P. Clark
The Role of Modification of DNA Damage in the Radioprotective
Action of Aminothiols • • • • • • • • • • • • 399
D. Murray, S. vanAnkeren, L. Milas and R. Meyn
Radioprotection in Rat Spinal Cord with WR2721 , WR77913 and WR3689
Following Cerebral Lateral Ventricular or Intracisternal
Administration • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 403
A.M. Spence, K.A. Krohn, J.E. Steele, S.R. Edmondson and
J.S. Rasey
Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to
Thiol-Modified Glutathione •• • • • • • 407
J.P. Messina, J. Mazurkiewicz and D.A. Lawrence
CANCER THERAPY
Induction of Differential Hypoxia in Tissues and Its Implications
for Therapy • • • • • 413
G.E. Adams and I.J. Stratford
Radioprotection In Vivo: Cellular Heterogeneity and Fractionation 421
J. Denekamp and A. Rojas
Pharmacological Interference with DNA Repair • 431
A.B. Pardee, R. Schlegel and D.A. Roothman
DNA Strand Scission by Activated Bleomycin Group Antibiotics 437
S.M. Hecht
Prospects for Liposomes as Drug Carriers • 441
G. Lopez-Berenstein and R. Perez-Soler
The Inhibitory Effect of Parvovirus B-1 on Cultured Human Cancer
Cells or Transformed Cells • • • • • • 451
Zu-yu Luo, Zao-zhong Su, Lan-ping Guo, Jun-zi Li, and
Ya-Iun Liu
BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE MODIFIERS
Evaluation of Immunomodulatory and Therapeutic Properties of
Biological Response Modifiers: A Comparison of Preclinical
and Clinical Studies • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 457
J.E. Talmadge, C. Pinsky, R.B. Herberman, C. Long and P.L. Black
xiii