Antibiotics

83 Pages·2011·2.75 MB·English

Antibiotics
Sulfonamides, Penicillins,
Cephalosporins, Tetracyclines,
Floroquinolones, Aminoglycosides and
other Anti-infectives
Objectives
 Discuss the rationale and nursing
responsibility of culture and sensitivity
testing
 Discuss the importance of penicillin, its
action, spectrum, primary dosage forms,
precautions of administration and name an
example of each type.
 State the name and dosage form of
penicillin effective against a penicillinase
producing bacteria.
Objectives
 Explain the use of the broader
spectrum antibiotics and
cephalosporin.
 Discuss the danger of anaphylactic
reactions, cause and treatment.
 Define super infection and antibiotic
resistance.
 Develop a teaching plan for each of
the antibiotics.
Antibiotics
 Uses
 Testing
 Bacteriostatic vs bactericidal
 Broad spectrum vs narrow spectrum
Antibiotic
 Superinfections
 Fungal, parastic, viral infections
 anaphylaxis
Sulfonamides
 First antibiotics to effectively treat
infection
 Caused a sharp decline in morbidity
and mortality related to infections
 Use has declined since the
introduction of newer antibiotics
Sulfonamides
 Mechanism of Action
 Inhibits synthesis of folic acid
 Bacteriostatic
 Host defenses are essential for elimination of
infection
 Microbial resistance
 Many bacteria have developed resistance
 Spectrum
 Broad spectrum
 Gram positive cocci (including MRSA), gram-
negative bacilli, chlaydiae and some protazoans
Sulfonamides
 Uses
 UTI
 Topical treatment for burns to suppress
bacterial colonization
 Superficial eye infections
Pharmacokinetics
 Absorption:
 Well absorbed orally
 Topically may cause systemic effects
 Metabolism and Excretion
 Metabolized by the liver
 Excreted by the kidneys. Renal
excretion determines half-life
Adverse Effects
 Hypersensitivity reactions
 Mild: rash, drug fever, photosensitivity are
common
 Stevens-Johnson syndrome
 Blood dyscrasias
 Nausea, vomiting diarrhea
 Stomatitis
 Crystalluria
 Photosensitivity