Antibiotic Resistance and Antibiotic Compounds in Waste Water Treatment Plants in Europe PDF
Preview Antibiotic Resistance and Antibiotic Compounds in Waste Water Treatment Plants in Europe
Antibiotic Resistance and Antibiotic Compounds in Waste Water Treatment Plants in Europe Marko Virta University of Helsinki Finland [email protected] Dynamics of antibiotic resistance Davies & Davies Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 2010;74:417-433 More use, more resistance • ~75% of the compounds are excreted • ~80 % of antibiotics are used for animals • Mostly to healthy animals • Also in EU, Japan, Canada, … http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s7920e/p1.jpg 4 Stopping antibiotic resistance evolution (StARE) 2015-2017 Aims • Harmonized protocols to measure antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments • The occurrence of antibiotic residues and ARB&G and potentially interacting emerging chemical pollutants in the final effluent of urban wastewater treatment plants (UWTP) • Critical factors (e.g. antimicrobial residues, heavy metals, temperature, organic matter) coinciding with the highest AR prevalence • Develop and improve advanced WW treatment technologies and/or their combination with biological processes to be implemented in critical points • COST Action TD 0803 as background • Water JPI funding 5 StARE Partners • CéliaManaia, UniversidadeCatólicaPortuguesa, Consortium leader • Marko Virta, Universityof Helsinki • DespoFatta-Kassinos, Univesityof Cyprus • Sara Rodriguez, Catalan Institute for Water Research(ICRA) • Thomas Schwartz, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), • Jose Luiz Martinez, Agencia EstatalConsejoSuperior de InvestigacionesCientíficas • Henning Sørum, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science • Thomas Berendonk, TechnischeUniversitätDresden • IsabelHenriques, Universityof Aveiro • Fiona Walsh, NUI Maynooth • Christian Elpers, AquantecGmbH 6 Antibiotic resistance • Natural phenomena • Genetically encoded • acquired vs. intrinsic resistance • Clinical data dominates • Cultured isolates • MIC values (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) • How well antibiotics work in treatment • Sequence data • Culture-based methods are not suitable for environmental samples since <1% on the species grow • Can transfer by Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) 7 Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) • HGT activity increases with bacterial stress Furuya& Lowy 2006, Nat Rev Microbiol. 4: 36–45 Integrons collect resistance genes Collection activity increases with bacterial stress Wellington et al. Lancet Infect Dis , Volume 13, Issue 2, 2013, 155–165 Transposons move between genetic elements Levy & Marshall 2004. Nature Medicine 10:S122c
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