Antibacterial Chemotherapy: Theory, Problems, and Practice PDF
Preview Antibacterial Chemotherapy: Theory, Problems, and Practice
OOOO IIII DDDD LLLL O XFORD INFECTIOUS DISEASES LIBRARY Antibacterial Chemotherapy Theory, Problems and Practice i Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must there- fore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up-to-date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work. 2 Except where otherwise stated, drug doses and recommendations are for the non-pregnant adult who is not breast-feeding. ii OOOO PPPP MMMM LLLL OXFORD PAIN MANAGEMENT LIBRARY Antibacterial Chemotherapy Theory, Problems and Practice iii By Sebastian G. B. Amyes PhD, DSc, Drhc, FRCPath Professor of Microbial Chemotherapy, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, UK Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Oxford University Press, 2010 The moral rights of the author(s) have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2010 Astra Zenica edition printed 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available Typeset by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd, Chennai, India Printed in Italy on acid-free paper by Lego S.p.A ISBN 978–0–19–959127–5 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Dedication vii Preface ix Abbreviations xi 1 Antibiotic action—general principles v1 2 Antibiotics—mechanisms of action 7 3 Pharmacokinetics applied to antimicrobials 23 4 Sensitivity and identification tests 29 5 Genetics of antibiotic resistance 41 6 Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance 49 7 Multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria and healthcare-acquired infections 59 8 Anti-mycobacterium therapy 67 9 Clinical use of antibiotics to prevent or control resistance 71 Index 77 This page intentionally left blank Dedication For Jackson and Thomas vii This page intentionally left blank Preface Antibiotics are one of the most important discoveries of the 20th century. Almost immediately the majority of infectious diseases caused by bacteria could be cured and it is estimated that this has increased global life expectancy by 10 years. The fear of these infec- tions was instantly removed. Soon after the introduction of antibiot- ics, resistant bacteria began to emerge. These resistant bacteria were largely checked by the discovery of new antibiotics and infections caused by them continued to be controlled; however, the era of new drugs is now long past and the proportion of bacteria resistant to the current antibiotics continues to increase. This is most keenly felt in hospitals where there are now incidences of bacteria causing severe infections that are resistant to virtually every antibiotic avail- able to treat them. The judicious use of antibiotics and the control of the spread of resistance are now the responsibility of all health- ix care workers who deal with infectious diseases and no longer the duty of just the microbiologist. Failure by all stakeholders in healthcare to recognise the problems of antibiotic resistance is likely to lead to a bleak outlook for future treatment of bacterial infections. This book not only describes the antibiotics themselves but also draws attention to the problems of resistance and how it needs to be considered when prescribing these drugs.
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