Antibacterial Activity of Trigonella foenum greacum linn (Fenugreek) Seed

69 Pages·2011·0.67 MB·English

ﻢﻴﺣﺮﻟﺍ ﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟﺍ ﷲﺍ ﻢﺴﺑ

University of Khartoum
The Graduate College
Medical & Health Studies Board
Faculty of Public and Environmental Health
Department Food Hygiene and safety

Antibacterial Activity of Trigonella foenum greacum linn (Fenugreek) Seed - Extracts
Against Some Species of Enterobacter.

By
Nafisa Eltigani Hamid Kroum

B.Sc. (Honours) (U of K) 2003

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the requirements of the Degree
of Master in Public and Environmental Health (Food Hygiene and Safety)

Supervisor
Dr. Amira Abdel Azeem Behairy (Janeuary- Septemper 2009)
University of Khartoum
Dr. El Bushra El Sheikh El Nur(October 2009 – Janeuary 2010)
University of Khartoum

2009
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ﺔﹶﻳﻵَ ﺍ

:ﻰﻟﺎﻌﺘ لﺎﻗ

ﻪﻨﻤ ﻓﹶ ﺎﺒﺣ ﺎﻬ ﻨﻣ ﺎﻨﺟ ﺮ ﺧ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺎﻨﻴﻴﺣ ﺃﹶ ﹸﺔﺘﻴﻤ ﻟﹾﺍ ﺽ ﺭ ﺄﹶﻟﹾﺍ ﻢﻬﻟﹶ ﹲﺔﻳﺁَﻭ )
( ﻥﻮﹸﻠﹸﻛﺄﹾﻳ

(33ﺔﻳﻻا ﺲﻳ ةرﻮﺳ)

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To my Mother, my Father and my
Brothers
For their encouragement and appreciated help
To my teachers, colleagues and
To everyone who encouraged me to complete this
research.
And all whom I love

Chapter One
Introduction and Literature Review
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Table of Content
Items Page
Number
Table of contents I- II
Acknowledgement III
Abbreviations IV
English Abstract V- VI
Arabic Abstract VII -VIII
List of Figures IX-X
List of Tables X I
Chapter One
Introduction 1 -3

Literature Review
1.1 Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum Linn) 3
1.1.1 Traditional and Medicinal Uses of Fenugreek 4 -5
1.1.2 Chemical constituent 6 -7
1. 1.3 Edible Uses 7
1. 1.4 Fenugreek's Possible Side Effects 7 -8
1. 3 Enterobacteriace 9-10
1 .3.1 Escherichia coli 10-11
1 .3.2 Klebsiella pneumonia 11-14
1.3.3 Salmonella typhi 13-14
1.4 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 14-16
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1.5 Staphylococcus aureus 17-18
1.6Antibiotic 18-20

Chapter Two
Material and methods
2.1. Materials: 21
2.1.1. Tested organisms 21
2.1.2. Plant material 21
2.2Methods:
22
2.2.1. Preparation of plant extracts
2.2.2. Preparation of standard bacterial suspension 22-23
2.2. 3. Preparation of culture media 23
2.2.3.In vitro testing of extracts for antibacterial activity 23
2.2.4. Antibiotic used for comparison 24

Chapter Three
Results 25

Chapter Four
Discussion 43-45
Conclusion 46
Recommendations 47
References 48-54

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All praise and thanks to Almighty Allah, the
most Merciful and Beneficent who gave me life
and strength to finish this research.
I am especially grateful to my supervisors

Dr. Amira Abdel Azeem Behairy
and
Dr. El Bushra El Sheikh El Nur
for their helps and advices that gave me
through my work.

I would like to acknowledge the staff of
Microbiology laboratory of Medicinal and
Aromatic Plants Research Institute
Finally I would like to thank everybody who
collaborated by his opinions, advices or efforts
in preparing this research

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Abbreviation
ATCC
American Type Culture Collection
E.c
Esherichia coli
K.p
Klebsiella Pnemoniae
P.a
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Sl.t
Salmonella typhi
S.a
Staphylococcus aureus
WHO
World Health Organization

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Abstract

Back ground
Trigonella foenum graecum L. (fenugreek) is considered to have
along history in medicine. It was used by Chinese for improvement of
metabolic activities and the general heath. It is also used as spice and a
cure in many parts of the world. In Sudan, it is used in folkrolic
medicine for the ttreatment of boils, diarrhea and abdominal pain.

Study Design
Experimental study
Setting
This study was conducted in The Microbiology laboratory of Medicinal
and Aromatic Plants Research Institute - National Center for Research -
Khartoum. Sudan
Objective
To examine the antibacterial activity of Trigonella foenum greacum
(fenugreek) crude seed extracts against of Esherichia coli, Klebsiella
Pnemoniae, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
Staphylococcus aureus.
Methods
The plant tissues were extracted with water and two organic solvents,
namely methanol and chloroform. .
The cup-plate agar diffusion method was used to determine the
antibacterial activity of three extracts (water, chloroformic and methanolic
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extracts) of Trigonella foenum-graecum against five standards bacterial
strains Esherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella Pnemoniae ATCC 53657,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella typhi

ATCC 0650 as Gram negetive bacteriaum and Staphylococcus aureus
ATCC 25923 as Gram positive bacteriaum.

Results

Most of the standard bacteria were tested resistant to extracts of
Trigonella foenum-graecum, except Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus
aureus which revealed sensitivity to chloroformic extract at 20%
concentration with inhibition zone dimiter of 15mm for Salmonella typhi
and 13mm for Staphylococcus aureus.

Conclusion

-Chloroformic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds is effecttive
againist on Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
-Methanolic and water extracts of Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds
are very poor antibacterial agents.

Recommendation:

Based on the results obtained, it is recommended that,
- Traditional using of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed may help in
protecting from bacterial diseases casued by Salmonella typhi and
Staphylococcus aureus and may assist in controling bacterial growth in
food.
- Chemical investigation of the chloformic extract components of
Trigonella foenum-graecum seed is to beconducted in order to
determine the active ingredients
- Uses of Trigonella foenum-graecum as food and a cure because it
effect on Salmonella typhi it cause typhoid fever, and also effect on
Staphylococcus aureus bacteria can cause a range of illnesses from
minorskin infections, to life-threatening diseases such as pneumonia,
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meningitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, Toxic shock syndrome (TSS), and
septicemia.

ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤ
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