Anti-bribery laws in common law jurisdictions

498 Pages·2014·3.9 MB·English

by  Stuart H. Deming

Anti-Bribery laws in Common Law Jurisdictions

Anti-Bribery Laws
in Common Law Jurisdictions
Stuart H. Deming
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Deming, Stuart H., 1951- author.
Anti-bribery laws in common law jurisdictions / Stuart H. Deming.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-19-973771-0 ((hardback) : alk. paper)
1.  Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (1997)
2. Bribery. 3. Misconduct in office. 4. Common law—Commonwealth countries. I. Title.
K5216.A41997D46 2014
345'.02323—dc23
2013045532
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
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This book is dedicated to my mother,
Anne G. Deming

Table of Contents
Acknowledgments  xix
Preface  xxi
Overview  1
A. The New International Norms  2
B. The Focal Point of the New International Norms  3
C. The OECD Convention  4
D. The OECD Convention and Common Law Jurisdictions  6
E. Comparing the Anti-Bribery Legal Regimes in Common Law Jurisdictions  6
1 . The OECD Convention  9
1.0 Overview  9
1.1 The Anti-Bribery Provisions  10
1.2 Jurisdiction  11
1.2.1 Territorial Jurisdiction  11
1.2.2 Nationality Jurisdiction  11
1.3 Elements of the Offense  12
1.3.1 Any Person  12
1.3.1.1 Juridical Entities  12
1.3.1.2 Standard of Liability for Juridical Entities  13
1.3.2 Intentionally  13
1.3.3 Offer, Promise, or Give  13
1.3.3.1 Whether Indirectly or through Intermediaries  13
1.3.3.2 Attempt  13
1.3.3.3 Complicit Conduct  14
1.3.3.4 Conspiracy  14
1.3.4 Any Undue Pecuniary or Other Advantage  14
1.3.5 Foreign Public Official  14
vii
viii Table of Contents
1.3.5.1 Parastatals  15
1.3.5.2 Public International Organizations  16
1.3.5.3 Political Party, Political Party Official, or Candidate for
Public Office  16
1.3.6 In Order That the Official Act or Refrain from Acting in Relation to the
Performance of Official Duties  16
1.3.7 In Order to Obtain or Retain Business or Other Improper Advantage  17
1.4 Defenses  17
1.4.1 Statute of Limitations  17
1.4.2 Local Written Law  17
1.4.3 Bona Fide and Reasonable Business Expenditures  18
1.4.4 Facilitation Payments  18
1.4.5 Duress  18
1.5 Sanctions  18
1.5.1 Criminal Sanctions  18
1.5.2 Additional Civil or Administrative Sanctions  19
1.6 Money Laundering  19
1.7 Tax Deductibility  20
1.8 Accounting and Record-Keeping  20
2 . Australia  23
2.0 Overview  23
2.1 The Anti-Bribery Legislation  24
2.2 Jurisdiction  26
2.2.1 Territorial Jurisdiction  26
2.2.2 Nationality Jurisdiction  27
2.3 Elements of the Offense  27
2.3.1 Any Person  27
2.3.1.1 Juridical Entities  27
2.3.1.2 Standard of Liability for Juridical Entities  28
2.3.2 Intentionally  30
2.3.3 Offer, Promise, or Give  30
2.3.3.1 Whether Indirectly or through Intermediaries  31
2.3.3.2 Attempt  32
2.3.3.3 Complicit Conduct  32
2.3.3.4 Conspiracy  33
2.3.4 Any Undue Pecuniary or Other Advantage  34
2.3.5 Foreign Public Official  34
2.3.5.1 Parastatals  35
2.3.5.2 Public International Organizations  36