Anti-Arminians: The Anglican Reformed Tradition from Charles II to George I (Oxford Theological Monographs) PDF
Preview Anti-Arminians: The Anglican Reformed Tradition from Charles II to George I (Oxford Theological Monographs)
OXFORD THEOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS Editorial Committee M. McC. ADAMS M. J. EDWARDS P. S. FIDDES P. M. JOYCE D. N. J. MACCULLOCH C. C. ROWLAND OXFORD THEOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS ORIGENONTHESONGOFSONGSASTHESPIRITOFSCRIPTURE TheBridegroom’sPerfectMarriage-Song J.ChristopherKing(2004) ANINTERPRETATIONOFHANSURSVONBALTHASAR EschatologyasCommunion NicholasJ.Healy(2005) DURANDUSOFSTPOURC¸AIN ADominicanTheologianintheShadowofAquinas IsabelIribarren(2005) THETROUBLESOFTEMPLELESSJUDAH JillMiddlemas(2005) TIMEANDETERNITYINMID-THIRTEENTH-CENTURY THOUGHT RoryFox(2006) THESPECIFICATIONOFHUMANACTIONSIN STTHOMASAQUINAS JosephPilsner(2006) THEWORLDVIEWOFPERSONALISM OriginsandEarlyDevelopment JanOlofBengtsson(2006) THEEUSEBIANS ThePolemicofAthanasiusofAlexandriaandtheConstruction ofthe‘ArianControversy’ DavidM.Gwynn(2006) CHRISTASMEDIATOR AStudyoftheTheologiesofEusebiusofCaesarea, MarcellusofAncyra,andAnthanasiusofAlexandria JonM.Robertson(2007) RIGHTEOUSJEHUANDHISEVILHEIRS TheDeuteronomist’sNegativePerspectiveonDynasticSuccession DavidT.Lamb(2007) SEXUALANDMARITALMETAPHORSINHOSEA, JEREMIAH,ISAIAH,ANDEZEKIEL SharonMoughtin-Mumby(2008) THESOTERIOLOGYOFLEOTHEGREAT BernardGreen(2008) Anti-Arminians The Anglican Reformed Tradition from Charles II to George I STEPHEN HAMPTON 1 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dp OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwidein Oxford NewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto WithoYcesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress intheUKandincertainothercountries PublishedintheUnitedStates byOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork (cid:1)StephenHampton2008 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted DatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker) Firstpublished2008 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress, orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriate reprographicsrightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproduction outsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment, OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcover andyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirer BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofcongressCataloginginPublicationData Dataavailable TypesetbySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,India PrintedinGreatBritain onacid-freepaperby BiddlesLtd.,King’sLynn,Norfolk ISBN 978–0–19–953336–7 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Preface and Acknowledgements This book grew out of a doctoral thesis on the thought of Wve post-Restor- ationdivines:ThomasBarlow,WilliamBeveridge,JohnEdwards,JohnPear- son, and Thomas Tully. That research opened myeyes to the strength of the conforming Reformed tradition within the later Stuart Church, a tradition which has, for various reasons, been overlooked by most of those who have writtenontheperiod.Thisbookisintendedasacorrectivetothatneglect. I would never have completed this book without the assistance of my doctoralsupervisor,DiarmaidMacCulloch,uponwhosebreadthoflearning, patience,andastonishingattention todetail, Ihaveconstantly relied.Imust alsothankmydoctoralexaminer,NicholasTyacke,whosemasterlywritingon the seventeenth century has been a spur and an inspiration to my own researchinthisarea. Ihavebeengreatlyassistedbytheinsights,encouragement,andcriticismof StephenSykes,DavidBrown,DavidHoyle,AnneDyer,AlanBartlett,Kenneth Padley, Philip Hobday, Michael McClenahan, and Robin Hopkins, and my thanksareduetoallofthem. I am especially grateful to the staV of the British Library, the Bodleian Library, Durham Cathedral Library, Durham University Library, and the libraries of Exeter College and the Queen’s College, Oxford, who have pa- tiently brought me the books, pamphlets, and manuscripts uponwhich this study rests. I must also thank the Rector and Fellows of Exeter College, Oxford, and the Council of St John’s College, Durham, who have aVorded metheopportunity topursuemy researchduringthelasteight years. This page intentionally left blank Contents Abbreviations viii 1. TheAnglicanreformedtraditionafter theRestoration 1 2. Atimelyantidote 39 3. Thereformedrejoinder 77 4. Thereformeddefenceoftrinitarianorthodoxy 129 5. Theslideintosubordinationism 162 6. AnewwayofthinkingaboutGod 192 7. ThereformeddefenceofThomisttheism 221 8. Conclusions 266 Bibliography 275 Index 283 Abbreviations CTJ CalvinTheologicalJournal HJ HistoricalJournal JEH JournalofEcclesiasticalHistory ODNB OxfordDictionaryofNationalBiography PRRD R.A.Muller,Post-ReformationReformedDogmatics,4vols(GrandRapids, 2003) SCG ThomasAquinas,tr.A.C.Pegis,SummaContraGentiles,BookOne:God (NewYork,1975) SCJ SixteenthCenturyJournal S.Th. ThomasAquinas,‘SummaTheologica,’inA.C.Pegis(ed.),TheBasic WritingsofSaintThomasAquinas,2vols(Indianapolis,1997) Note:thespellinginallquotationsofEnglishsourceshasbeenmodernized. 1 The Anglican Reformed Tradition after the Restoration THE BISHOP OF CARLISLE’S SERMON OnMonday,2April,1716,theLordMayor,Aldermen,andSheriVsoftheCity ofLondonprocessedintheirscarletrobestohearasermonatStBride’s,Fleet Street. The Church building was, of course, strikingly new, its elegant neoclassical stonework still crisply detailed. For St Bride’s was the most ambitious of the racily avant-garde churches which Sir Christopher Wren haddesignedafter theGreatFire,andithadbeencrowned,justWfteenyears before, by a spectacular baroque steeple. The preacher that spring Monday was William Nicolson, Bishop of Carlisle, and the occasion was one of the Spital Sermons, which were customarily preached to the Corporation of LondoneveryyearduringtheEasterseason. In the early years of the Hanoverian regime, William Nicolson was deW- nitely a man to be watched. A scholarly northern archdeacon, he had been madeBishopofCarlislein1702.UpontheaccessionofGeorgeI,hisparticu- lar signiWcance to the new government had been underlined byhis appoint- ment as Lord Almoner, a post which eVectively made him the premier preacher at the royal court. Nicolson was also, importantly, close friends withWilliamWake,themanwhohadbeenconWrmedasthenewArchbishop ofCanterburybarelythreemonthspreviously.SoNicolsonwas,withoutany question,afront-rankrepresentativeoftheHanoverianChurchofEngland. TheBishopchoseashistextthatday, Ephesians2:8–9: ‘For bygraceareye savedthroughfaith;andthatnotofyourselves:itisthegiftofGod:notofworks, lest any man should boast.’ And he used this text to explain the doctrine of justiWcation,thedoctrinewhichexplainshow itisthathumanbeings,despite theirsins,canstandsuYcientlyrighteousintheeyesofGodtoenterheaven. OpeningwithextendedcitationsoftheThirty-NineArticles,andtheBook ofHomilies,hetookabriefbutperenniallycrowd-pleasingswipeattheerrors of Rome, before undertaking his own exposition of the matter. ‘The text teachesus,’hesays,‘thatoursalvation,theeverlastinginheritanceoflifeand
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