Anti-Americanisms in World Politics

366 Pages·2006·19.72 MB·English

by  Peter J. Katzenstein

ANTI-AMERICANISMS IN WORLD POLITICS
A VOLUME IN THE SERIES
CORNELL STUDIES IN POLITICAL ECONOMY
edited by Peter J. Katzenstein
A list of titles in this series is available at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu.
ANTI-AMERICANISMS
IN WORLD POLITICS
EDITED BY Peter J. Katzenstein
and Robert 0. Keohane
Cornell University Press ITHACA AND LONDON
Copyright © 2007 by Cornell University
All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or
parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in
writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University
Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850.
First published 2007 by Cornell University Press
First printing, Cornell Paperbacks, 2007
Printed in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Anti-Americanisms in world politics / edited by Peter J. Katzenstein and Robert O. Keohane.
p. cm. — (Cornell studies in political economy)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-8014-4517-0 (cloth : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-8014-4517-5 (cloth : alk. paper)
ISBN-13: 978-0-8014-7351-7 (pbk. : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-8014-7351-9 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Anti-Americanism. 2. United States-Foreign public opinion. 3. United
States—Relations—Foreign countries. 4. United States—Foreign relations—2001—
I. Katzenstein, Peter J. II. Keohane, Robert O. (Robert Owen), 1941- III. Series.
E895.A45 2006
303.48/273-dc22 2006019347
Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible
suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of
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For the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences
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Contents
Preface ix
Introduction: The Politics of Anti-Americanisms 1
ROBERT 0. KEOHANE AND PETER J. KATZENSTEIN
I ANTI-AMERICANISM AND AMERICANISM
1. Varieties of Anti-Americanism: A Framework for Analysis 9
PETER J. KATZENSTEIN AND ROBERT 0. KEOHANE
2. Imagining America: The Promise and Peril of Boundlessness 39
DAVID M. KENNEDY
II PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARD THE UNITED STATES
3. Anti-Americanism in Europe during the Cold War 57
PIERANGELO ISERNIA
4. Disaggregating Anti-Americanism: An Analysis of Individual
Attitudes toward the United States 93
GIACOMO CHIOZZA
III ANTI-AMERICANISM IN DIFFERENT SOCIETIES
5. The Distinctiveness of French Anti-Americanism 129
SOPHIE MEUNIER
vii
viii Contents
6. Chinese Attitudes toward the United States and Americans 157
ALASTAIR IAIN JOHNSTON AND DANIELA STOCKMANN
7. Anti-Americanisms in the Arab World 196
MARC LYNCH
IV DYNAMICS OF ANTI-AMERICANISM
8. Anti-Americanism as Schemas and Diacritics in France and
Indonesia 227
JOHN R. BOWEN
9. Legacies of Anti-Americanism: A Sociological Perspective 251
DOUG MCADAM
V CONSEQUENCES AND CONCLUSIONS
10. The Political Consequences of Anti-Americanism 273
ROBERT 0. KEOHANE AND PETER J. KATZENSTEIN
Conclusion: Anti-Americanisms and the Polyvalence of America 306
PETER J. KATZENSTEIN AND ROBERT 0. KEOHANE
References 317
List of Contributors 341
Index 343
Preface
alking to friends and associates is an intriguing test of the interest people outside
alking to friends and associates is an intriguing test of the interest people outside
one's field of research take in a book project. Eyes often glaze over as we begin to
describe the politics of small states or the procedures of international organizations,
and they do so even more if we try to explain some abstractions of contemporary
political science. When we started this book on anti-Americanism, however, our inter-
locutors, who might formerly have viewed us as harmless pedants studying abstruse
subjects, suddenly took a visceral interest in our work. Americans, at least, seem to
care about anti-Americanism. Even if they don't believe that "they hate us," they
are both puzzled and worried by evidence that the United States, and Americans,
are distrusted by many people around the world. "Why do they dislike us?" is a ques-
tion that resonates in Durham, Ithaca, and Princeton.
Working on a subject of such topical interest is energizing. However, it is also risky,
since people who have not studied the subject in depth often have well-formulated
ideas or prejudices about it that are not easily dislodged. The very concept of "anti-
Americanism" is often tinged with political opinion. We repeatedly had to interro-
gate ordinary language and common sense understandings of our subject. Many
people, for example, vastly overestimate the incidence of anti-Americanism, forget-
ting that until the run-up to the Iraq War, polls consistently showed that pro-
American sentiments, worldwide, dominated anti-American sentiments by a wide
margin. Others associate anti-Americanism distinctively with countries such as
France, occasionally mistaking opinions and sentiments of the French elite for those
of the French public. Perhaps the worst misconceptions are found in universities,
where academics who have not studied the subject are eager to enunciate their
favored single-factor explanation for anti-Americanism—be it resentment, psy-
chopathology, or President George W. Bush and his policies.
ix