ANTHROPOLOGY MATTERS Third edition Shirley A. Fedorak Copyright © University of Toronto Press Incorporated 2017 Higher Education Division www.utppublishing.com All rights reserved. The use of any part of this publication reproduced, transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, or stored in a retrieval system, without prior written consent of the publisher—or in the case of photocopying, a licence from Access Copyright (Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency), 320–56 Wellesley Street West, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S3—is an infringement of the copyright law. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Fedorak, Shirley Anthropology matters / Shirley A. Fedorak—Third edition. Includes bibliographical references and index. Issued in print and electronic formats. ISBN 978-1-4875-9321-6 (hardback).—ISBN 978-1-4875-9320-9 (paperback). —ISBN 978-1-4875-9322-3 (html).—ISBN 978-1-4875-9323-0 (pdf). 1. Anthropology--Textbooks. I. Title. GN25.F43 2017 301 C2016-904421-1 C2016-904422-X We welcome comments and suggestions regarding any aspect of our publications—please feel free to contact us at [email protected] or visit our Internet site at www.utppublishing.com. North America 5201 Dufferin Street North York, Ontario, Canada, M3H 5T8 2250 Military Road Tonawanda, New York, USA, 14150 ORDERS PHONE: 1-800-565-9523 ORDERS FAX: 1-800-221-9985 ORDERS E-MAIL: [email protected] UK, Ireland, and continental Europe NBN International Estover Road, Plymouth, P16 7PY, UK ORDERS PHONE: 44 (0) 1752 202301 ORDERS FAX: 44 (0) 1752 202333 ORDERS E-MAIL: [email protected] The University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial support for its publishing activities of the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund. Printed in the United States of America. To the people who have inspired me on this journey CONTENTS Thematic Guide to Content Author Profile Acknowledgements Organization of the Text Introduction Part One: How Does Anthropology Work? Chapter 1: What Are the Challenges in Ethnographic Fieldwork, and How Is Ethnographic Research Changing? Chapter 2: Of What Use Is Anthropology in the Business World? Chapter 3: What Roles Do Anthropologists Play in Language Retention and Revitalization, and Are Heritage Languages an Endangered Species? Part Two: Why Does Anthropology Matter? Chapter 4: Are Globalization and Transnational Mobility Fuelling Modern-Day Slavery? Chapter 5: What Are the Underlying Reasons for Ethnic and Sectarian Conflict? Chapter 6: How Does Body Image Affect Self-Esteem, Well-Being, and Identity? Chapter 7: Is Female Circumcision a Violation of Human Rights or a Cherished Cultural Tradition? Chapter 8: What Are the Socio-economic, Religious, and Political Implications of Same-Sex Marriage and Changing Family Structure? Chapter 9: Is Social Media Changing and Reshaping Culture? Chapter 10: Does the Global Community Have a Moral Responsibility to Assist Displaced Persons? Chapter 11: What Benefits Do NGOs Provide Developing Countries, and How Can Their Presence Generate New Challenges? Chapter 12: Is the Practice of Purdah and Veiling Oppressive to Women or an Expression of Their Identity? Conclusion Glossary References Sources Index THEMATIC GUIDE TO CONTENT APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY Chapter 1: What Are the Challenges in Ethnographic Fieldwork, and How Is Ethnographic Research Changing? Chapter 2: Of What Use Is Anthropology in the Business World? Chapter 3: What Roles Do Anthropologists Play in Language Retention and Revitalization, and Are Heritage Languages an Endangered Species? Chapter 5: What Are the Underlying Reasons for Ethnic and Sectarian Conflict? Chapter 11: What Benefits Do NGOs Provide Developing Countries, and How Can Their Presence Generate New Challenges? CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS Chapter 1: What Are the Challenges in Ethnographic Fieldwork, and How Is Ethnographic Research Changing? Chapter 4: Are Globalization and Transnational Mobility Fuelling Modern-Day Slavery? Chapter 5: What Are the Underlying Reasons for Ethnic and Sectarian Conflict? Chapter 6: How Does Body Image Affect Self-Esteem, Well-Being, and Identity? Chapter 7: Is Female Circumcision a Violation of Human Rights or a Cherished Cultural Tradition? Chapter 8: What Are the Socio-economic, Religious, and Political Implications of Same-Sex Marriage and Changing Family Structure? Chapter 9: Is Social Media Changing and Reshaping Culture? Chapter 10: Does the Global Community Have a Moral Responsibility to Assist Displaced Persons? Chapter 12: Is the Practice of Purdah and Veiling Oppressive to Women or an Expression of Their Identity? CULTURE CHANGE Chapter 3: What Roles Do Anthropologists Play in Language Retention and Revitalization, and Are Heritage Languages an Endangered Species? Chapter 4: Are Globalization and Transnational Mobility Fuelling Modern-Day Slavery? Chapter 5: What Are the Underlying Reasons for Ethnic and Sectarian Conflict? Chapter 8: What Are the Socio-economic, Religious, and Political Implications of Same-Sex Marriage and Changing Family Structure? Chapter 9: Is Social Media Changing and Reshaping Culture? Chapter 10: Does the Global Community Have a Moral Responsibility to Assist Displaced Persons? Chapter 11: What Benefits Do NGOs Provide Developing Countries, and How Can Their Presence Generate New Challenges? CULTURAL IMPERIALISM Chapter 3: What Roles Do Anthropologists Play in Language Retention and Revitalization, and Are Heritage Languages an Endangered Species? Chapter 4: Are Globalization and Transnational Mobility Fuelling Modern-Day Slavery? Chapter 5: What Are the Underlying Reasons for Ethnic and Sectarian Conflict? Chapter 7: Is Female Circumcision a Violation of Human Rights or a Cherished Cultural Tradition? Chapter 10: Does the Global Community Have a Moral Responsibility to Assist Displaced Persons? Chapter 11: What Benefits Do NGOs Provide Developing Countries, and
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