Anthropologies of Modernity: Foucault, Governmentality, and Life Politics PDF
Preview Anthropologies of Modernity: Foucault, Governmentality, and Life Politics
Inda,AnthropologiesofModernity 0631228268_1_pretoc FinalProof page i 26.5.2005 7:30am Anthropologies of Modernity Inda,AnthropologiesofModernity 0631228268_1_pretoc FinalProof page ii 26.5.2005 7:30am Inda,AnthropologiesofModernity 0631228268_1_pretoc FinalProof page iii 26.5.2005 7:30am Anthropologies of Modernity Foucault, Governmentality, and Life Politics Edited by Jonathan Xavier Inda Inda,AnthropologiesofModernity 0631228268_1_pretoc FinalProof page iv 26.5.2005 7:30am (cid:1)2005byBlackwellPublishingLtd BLACKWELLPUBLISHING 350MainStreet,Malden,MA02148-5020,USA 9600GarsingtonRoad,OxfordOX42DQ,UK 550SwanstonStreet,Carlton,Victoria3053,Australia TherightofJonathanXavierIndatobeidentifiedastheAuthorofthe EditorialMaterialinthisWorkhasbeenassertedinaccordancewiththe UKCopyright,Designs,andPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,stored inaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,exceptas permittedbytheUKCopyright,Designs,andPatentsAct1988,without thepriorpermissionofthepublisher. Firstpublished2005byBlackwellPublishingLtd 1 2005 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Anthropologiesofmodernity:Foucault,governmentality,andlifepolitics/editedbyJonathan XavierInda. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN-13:978-0-631-22826-4(hardcover:alk.paper) ISBN-10:0-631-22826-8(hardcover:alk.paper) ISBN-13:978-0-631-22827-1(pbk.:alk.paper) ISBN-10:0-631-22827-6(pbk.:alk.paper) 1. Political anthropology—Philosophy, 2. Politics and culture. 3. Culture and globalization. 4. Foucault,Michel,I.Inda,JonathanXavier. GN492.2.A572006 306.2—dc222005003400 AcataloguerecordforthistitleisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Setin10.5/13ptGalliard bySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,India PrintedandboundintheUnitedKingdom byTJInternationalLtd,Padstow,Cornwall Thepublisher’spolicyistousepermanentpaperfrommillsthatoperatea sustainableforestrypolicy,andwhichhasbeenmanufacturedfrompulp processedusingacid-freeandelementarychlorine-freepractices.Furthermore, thepublisherensuresthatthetextpaperandcoverboardusedhavemet acceptableenvironmentalaccreditationstandards. Forfurtherinformationon BlackwellPublishing,visitour website: www.blackwellpublishing.com Inda,AnthropologiesofModernity 0631228268_2_toc FinalProof page v 26.5.2005 6:25am Contents Notes on Contributors vii Acknowledgments viii Analytics of the Modern: An Introduction 1 Jonathan XavierInda Part I Colonial Reasons 1 Colonial Governmentality 23 David Scott 2 Foucault in the Tropics: Displacing the Panopticon 50 Peter Redfield Part II Global Governance 3 Graduated Sovereignty in South-East Asia 83 Aihwa Ong 4 Spatializing States: Toward an Ethnography of Neoliberal Governmentality 105 James Ferguson and Akhil Gupta Part III Technico Sciences 5 Performing Criminal Anthropology: Science, Popular Wisdom, and the Body 135 David G. Horn Inda,AnthropologiesofModernity 0631228268_2_toc FinalProof page vi 26.5.2005 6:25am Contents 6 Science and Citizenship under Postsocialism 158 Adriana Petryna Part IV Biosocial Subjects 7 Artificiality and Enlightenment: From Sociobiology to Biosociality 181 PaulRabinow 8 Flexible Eugenics: Technologies of the Self in the Age of Genetics 194 Karen-Sue Taussig, Rayna Rapp, and Deborah Heath Part V Necropolitical Projects 9 Life During Wartime: Guatemala, Vitality, Conspiracy, Milieu 215 Diane M. Nelson 10 Technologies of Invisibility: Politics of Life and Social Inequality 248 Joa˜oBiehl Index 272 vi Inda,AnthropologiesofModernity 0631228268_3_posttoc FinalProof page vii 26.5.2005 6:26am Notes on Contributors Jo˜ao Biehl is Assistant Professor of Anthropology at Princeton University. James Ferguson is Professor of Cultural and Social Anthropology at Stanford University. Akhil Gupta is Associate Professor of Cultural and Social Anthropology at Stanford University. Deborah Heath is Associate Professor of Anthropology at Lewis and Clark College. DavidG.HornisProfessorofComparativeStudiesattheOhioStateUniversity. Jonathan Xavier Inda is Assistant Professor of Chicana/o Studies at the Uni- versity of California, Santa Barbara. Diane M. Nelson is Associate Professor of Cultural Anthropology at Duke University. Aihwa Ong is Professor of Anthropology and Southeast Asian Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. AdrianaPetrynaisAssistantProfessorofAnthropologyattheGraduateFaculty of New School University. Paul Rabinow is Professor of Anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley. Rayna Rapp is Professor of Anthropology at New York University. PeterRedfieldisAssociateProfessorofAnthropologyattheUniversityofNorth Carolina, Chapel Hill. David Scott is Professor of Anthropology at Columbia University. Karen-Sue Taussig is Assistant Professor of Anthropology and Medicine at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Inda,AnthropologiesofModernity 0631228268_3_posttoc FinalProof page viii 26.5.2005 6:26am Acknowledgments Special thanks go to Gerardo Aldana, Jo˜ao Biehl, Jim Ferguson, David Horn, Diane Nelson, Aihwa Ong, Adriana Petryna, Peter Redfield, and Ann Stoler. They all contributed greatly to the development of this volume. I would also like to express my gratitude to Jane Huber, my editor at Blackwell, for her enthusiastic support of the project. Finally, I am quite grateful to the Ford Foundation. I began this book while on a Ford Postdoctoral Fellowship. The editor and publisher gratefully acknowledge the permission granted to reproduce the copyright material in this book: 1 David Scott, ‘‘Colonial Governmentality,’’ pp. 23–52 from Refashioning Futures.Princeton:PrincetonUniversityPress,1999.(cid:1)1999PrincetonUniver- sity Press. Reprinted by permission of Princeton University Press. 3 Aihwa Ong, ‘‘Graduated Sovereignty in South-East Asia,’’ pp. 55–75 fromTheory,Culture&Society17(4).London:Sage, 2000.(cid:1) Sage Publications Ltd. 4 James Ferguson and Akhil Gupta, ‘‘Spatializing States,’’ pp. 981–1002 from American Ethnologist 29(4). (cid:1) American Anthropological Association, 2002. 7 PaulRabinow,‘‘ArtificialityandEnlightenment,’’pp.407–16fromMario Biagioli (ed.),The ScienceStudies Reader.New York/London:Routledge, 1999. (cid:1) Zone Books 1992. 8 Karen-Sue Taussig, Rayna Rapp, and Deborah Heath, ‘‘Flexible Eugen- ics,’’ pp. 58–76 from Alan H. Goodman, Deborah Heath, and M. Susan Lindee (eds.) Genetic Nature/Culture: Anthropology and Science beyond the Two-Culture Divide. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. Copyright (cid:1) 2003 The Regents of the University of California. Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders and to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material. The publisher apologizes for any Inda,AnthropologiesofModernity 0631228268_4_intr FinalProof page 1 26.5.2005 6:26am Analytics of the Modern: An Introduction Jonathan Xavier Inda This book is intended as a reflection on the question of modernity. It has two general orientations. One is anthropological. What this means, simply put for now,isthreethings.First,itmeansthattheessaysgatheredheretreatmodernity not in abstract terms but tangibly as an ethnographic object. Their aim, in other words, is not to come up with some grand, general account of modernity but to analyze its concrete manifestations. Second, it means that these essays examine thematerialization of the modern not just in the West, as tendsto bethe case in most disciplines, but worldwide. Indeed, the bent of the volume is determinedly global, its empirical sites ranging from Italy and Ukraine to India, Brazil, and French Guiana. Finally, to be anthropological in orientation means that at the stakeintheanalysisofmodernityisthevalueandformoftheanthroposorhuman being (Collier and Ong 2003; Rabinow 2003). Said otherwise, the book is centrally concerned with the modern constitution of the social and biological life of the human. The other orientation of the book is Foucauldian. This means that the intel- lectual point of departure for the essays in the volume is the work of French philosopher Michel Foucault. Particularly central to these analyses of modernity are Foucault’s (2000) reflections on modern government. In these reflections, theterm‘‘government’’generallyreferstotheconductofconduct–thatis,toall thosemoreorlesscalculatedandsystematicwaysofthinkingandactingthataim to shape, regulate, or manage the comportment of others, whether these be workers in a factory, inmates in a prison, wards in a mental hospital, the inhab- itants of a territory, or the members of a population. Understood this way, ‘‘government’’ designates not just the activities of the state and its institutions butmorebroadlyanyrationalefforttoinfluenceorguidetheconductofhuman beingsthrough acting upon their hopes,desires, circumstances, or environment. Sketched out in these reflections is thus a particular approach to analyzing modern political power – one that treats the state as only one element, albeit a ratherimportantone,inamultiplenetworkofactors,organizations,andentities 1
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