Ante-Nicene Fathers. In 10 vols. Volume 03. Latin Christianity: Its Founder, Tertullian

1317 Pages·2016·7.67 MB·English

by  Schaff Philip (Ed.)

ANF03. Latin Christianity: Its Founder,
Tertullian
by
Philip Schaff
Christian Classics Ethereal Library
About ANF03. Latin Christianity: Its Founder, Tertullian by Tertullian
Title: ANF03. Latin Christianity: Its Founder, Tertullian
URL: http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf03.html
Author(s): Schaff, Philip
Menzies, Allan (1845-1916) (Editor)
Publisher: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library
Description: Originally printed in 1885, the ten-volume set, Ante-Nicene Fathers,
brings together the work of early Christian thinkers. In particular, it
brings together the writings of the early Church fathers prior to the
fourth century Nicene Creed. These volumes are noteworthy for their
inclusion of entire texts, and not simply fragments or excerpts from
these great writings. The translations are fairly literal, providing both
readers and scholars with a good approximation of the originals. This
particular volume focuses on the work of Tertullian, who is often called
the "father of Latin Christianity." It brings together three of his most
important works. These writings were heavily influential on the early
Church, and for good reason, as they are inspirational and
encouraging. These volumes also come with many useful notes,
providing the reader with new levels of understanding. Overall,
Ante-Nicene Fathers, or any part of it, is a welcome addition to one's
reading list.
Tim Perrine
CCEL Staff Writer
Rights: Copyright Christian Classics Ethereal Library
Date Created: 2006-01-18
Status: Carefully proofed and converted to ThML
CCEL Subjects: All; Early Church; Proofed
LC Call no: BR65
LC Subjects: Christianity
Early Christian Literature. Fathers of the Church, etc.
ANF03. Latin Christianity: Its Founder, Tertullian Philip Schaff
Table of Contents
About This Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. ii
Title Page.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 1
Second Title Page.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 2
Preface.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 3
Apologetic.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 4
Title Page.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 4
Introductory Note.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 4
Apology.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 22
Chapter I.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 22
Chapter II.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 24
Chapter III.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 26
Chapter IV.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 27
Chapter V.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 29
Chapter VI.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 30
Chapter VII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 31
Chapter VIII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 33
Chapter IX.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 34
Chapter X.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 36
Chapter XI.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 37
Chapter XII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 39
Chapter XIII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 40
Chapter XIV.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 41
Chapter XV.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 42
Chapter XVI.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 43
Chapter XVII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 45
Chapter XVIII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 45
Chapter XIX.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 46
Chapter XX.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 47
Chapter XXI.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 48
Chapter XXII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 52
Chapter XXIII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 53
Chapter XXIV.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 55
Chapter XXV.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 56
Chapter XXVI.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 58
Chapter XXVII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 59
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ANF03. Latin Christianity: Its Founder, Tertullian Philip Schaff
Chapter XXVIII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 60
Chapter XXIX.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 60
Chapter XXX.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 61
Chapter XXXI.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 62
Chapter XXXII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 62
Chapter XXXIII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 62
Chapter XXXIV.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 63
Chapter XXXV.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 64
Chapter XXXVI.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 65
Chapter XXXVII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 66
Chapter XXXVIII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 67
Chapter XXXIX.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 67
Chapter XL.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 70
Chapter XLI.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 71
Chapter XLII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 72
Chapter XLIII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 73
Chapter XLIV.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 73
Chapter XLV.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 74
Chapter XLVI.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 75
Chapter XLVII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 76
Chapter XLVIII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 78
Chapter XLIX.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 80
Chapter L.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 81
Elucidations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 83
On Idolatry.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 89
Wide Scope of the Word Idolatry.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 89
Idolatry in Its More Limited Sense. Its Copiousness.. . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 90
Idolatry: Origin and Meaning of the Name.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 91
Idols Not to Be Made, Much Less Worshipped. Idols and Idol-Makers in
the Same Category.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 92
Sundry Objections or Excuses Dealt with.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 93
Idolatry Condemned by Baptism. To Make an Idol Is, in Fact, to Worship
It.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 94
Grief of the Faithful at the Admission of Idol-Makers into the Church; Nay,
Even into the Ministry.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 95
Other Arts Made Subservient to Idolatry. Lawful Means of Gaining a
Livelihood Abundant.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 95
Professions of Some Kinds Allied to Idolatry. Of Astrology in
Particular.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 97
Of Schoolmasters and Their Difficulties.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 98
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ANF03. Latin Christianity: Its Founder, Tertullian Philip Schaff
Connection Between Covetousness and Idolatry. Certain Trades, However
Gainful, to Be Avoided.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 100
Further Answers to the Plea, How Am I to Live?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 101
Of the Observance of Days Connected with Idolatry.. . . . . . . . . . . . p. 103
Of Blasphemy. One of St. Paul's Sayings.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 104
Concerning Festivals in Honour of Emperors, Victories, and the Like.
Examples of the Three Children and Daniel.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 105
Concerning Private Festivals.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 107
The Cases of Servants and Other Officials. What Offices a Christian Man
May Hold.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 108
Dress as Connected with Idolatry.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 109
Concerning Military Service.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 111
Concerning Idolatry in Words.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 111
Of Silent Acquiescence in Heathen Formularies.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 112
Of Accepting Blessing in the Name of Idols.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 113
Written Contracts in the Name of Idols. Tacit Consent.. . . . . . . . . . . p. 114
General Conclusion.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 115
Elucidations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 116
The Shows, or De Spectaculis.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 118
Chapter I.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 118
Chapter II.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 119
Chapter III.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 120
Chapter IV.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 121
Chapter V.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 122
Chapter VI.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 123
Chapter VII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 123
Chapter VIII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 124
Chapter IX.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 125
Chapter X.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 125
Chapter XI.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 127
Chapter XII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 127
Chapter XIII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 128
Chapter XIV.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 129
Chapter XV.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 129
Chapter XVI.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 130
Chapter XVII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 130
Chapter XVIII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 131
Chapter XIX.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 132
Chapter XX.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 132
Chapter XXI.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 133
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ANF03. Latin Christianity: Its Founder, Tertullian Philip Schaff
Chapter XXII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 134
Chapter XXIII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 134
Chapter XXIV.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 135
Chapter XXV.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 135
Chapter XXVI.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 136
Chapter XXVII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 136
Chapter XXVIII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 137
Chapter XXIX.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 138
Chapter XXX.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 138
The Chaplet, or De Corona.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 140
Chapter I.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 140
Chapter II.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 141
Chapter III.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 142
Chapter IV.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 143
Chapter V.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 144
Chapter VI.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 145
Chapter VII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 146
Chapter VIII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 147
Chapter IX.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 148
Chapter X.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 149
Chapter XI.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 151
Chapter XII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 153
Chapter XIII.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 154
Chapter XIV.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 155
Chapter XV.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 156
Elucidations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 157
To Scapula.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 158
Chapter I.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 158
Chapter II.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 159
Chapter III.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 160
Chapter IV.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 161
Chapter V.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 163
Elucidations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 164
Ad Nationes.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 164
Book I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 164
The Hatred Felt by the Heathen Against the Christians is Unjust,
Because Based on Culpable Ignorance.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 164
The Heathen Perverted Judgment in the Trial of Christians. They Would
Be More Consistent If They Dispensed with All Form of Trial. Tertullian
Urges This with Much Indignation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 167
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The Great Offence in the Christians Lies in Their Very Name. The Name
Vindicated.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 168
The Truth Hated in the Christians; So in Measure Was It, of Old, in
Socrates. The Virtues of the Christians.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 170
The Inconsistent Life of Any False Christian No More Condemns True
Disciples of Christ, Than a Passing Cloud Obscures a Summer
Sky.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 172
The Innocence of the Christians Not Compromised by the Iniquitous
Laws Which Were Made Against Them.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 173
The Christians Defamed.  A Sarcastic Description of Fame; Its Deception
and Atrocious Slanders of the Christians Lengthily Described.. . . . . p. 174
The Calumny Against the Christians Illustrated in the Discovery of
Psammetichus. Refutation of the Story.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 179
The Christians are Not the Cause of Public Calamities: There Were
Such Troubles Before Christianity.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 180
The Christians are Not the Only Contemners of the Gods. Contempt of
Them Often Displayed by Heathen Official Persons. Homer Made the
Gods Contemptible.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 182
The Absurd Cavil of the Ass's Head Disposed of.. . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 188
The Charge of Worshipping a Cross. The Heathens Themselves Made
Much of Crosses in Sacred Things; Nay, Their Very Idols Were Formed
on a Crucial Frame.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 188
The Charge of Worshipping the Sun Met by a Retort.. . . . . . . . . . . p. 190
The Vile Calumny About Onocoetes Retorted on the Heathen by
Tertullian.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 191
The Charge of Infanticide Retorted on the Heathen.. . . . . . . . . . . . p. 192
Other Charges Repelled by the Same Method. The Story of the Noble
Roman Youth and His Parents.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 193
The Christian Refusal to Swear by the Genius of Cæsar. Flippancy and
Irreverence Retorted on the Heathen.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 195
Christians Charged with an Obstinate Contempt of Death. Instances of
the Same are Found Amongst the Heathen.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 197
If Christians and the Heathen Thus Resemble Each Other, There is
Great Difference in the Grounds and Nature of Their Apparently Similar
Conduct.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 198
Truth and Reality Pertain to Christians Alone. The Heathen Counselled
to Examine and Embrace It.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 199
Book II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 201
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ANF03. Latin Christianity: Its Founder, Tertullian Philip Schaff
The Heathen Gods from Heathen Authorities. Varro Has Written a Work
on the Subject. His Threefold Classification. The Changeable Character
of that Which Ought to Be Fixed and Certain.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 201
Philosophers Had Not Succeeded in Discovering God. The Uncertainty
and Confusion of Their Speculations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 203
The Physical Philosophers Maintained the Divinity of the Elements; The
Absurdity of the Tenet Exposed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 205
Wrong Derivation of the Word Qe  . The Name Indicative of the True
Deity. God Without Shape and Immaterial. Anecdote of Thales.. . . . . p. 207
The Physical Theory Continued. Further Reasons Advanced Against
the Divinity of the Elements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 209
The Changes of the Heavenly Bodies, Proof that They are Not Divine.
Transition from the Physical to the Mythic Class of Gods.. . . . . . . . p. 211
The Gods of the Mythic Class. The Poets a Very Poor Authority in Such
Matters. Homer and the Mythic Poets. Why Irreligious.. . . . . . . . . . p. 212
The Gods of the Different Nations. Varro's Gentile Class. Their Inferiority.
A Good Deal of This Perverse Theology Taken from Scripture. Serapis
a Perversion of Joseph.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 214
The Power of Rome.  Romanized Aspect of All the Heathen Mythology.
Varro's Threefold Distribution Criticised. Roman Heroes (Æneas
Included,) Unfavourably Reviewed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 216
A Disgraceful Feature of the Roman Mythology. It Honours Such
Infamous Characters as Larentina.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 219
The Romans Provided Gods for Birth, Nay, Even Before Birth, to Death.
Much Indelicacy in This System.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 220
The Original Deities Were Human--With Some Very Questionable
Characteristics. Saturn or Time Was Human. Inconsistencies of Opinion
About Him.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 222
The Gods Human at First.  Who Had the Authority to Make Them Divine?
Jupiter Not Only Human, But Immoral.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 225
Gods, Those Which Were Confessedly Elevated to the Divine Condition,
What Pre-Eminent Right Had They to Such Honour? Hercules an Inferior
Character.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 228
The Constellations and the Genii Very Indifferent Gods. The Roman
Monopoly of Gods Unsatisfactory. Other Nations Require Deities Quite
as Much.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 230
Inventors of Useful Arts Unworthy of Deification. They Would Be the
First to Acknowledge a Creator. The Arts Changeable from Time to
Time, and Some Become Obsolete.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 232
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ANF03. Latin Christianity: Its Founder, Tertullian Philip Schaff
Conclusion, the Romans Owe Not Their Imperial Power to Their Gods.
The Great God Alone Dispenses Kingdoms, He is the God of the
Christians.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 232
Appendix: A Fragment Concerning the Execrable Gods of the
Heathen.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 235
Elucidation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 238
An Answer to the Jews.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 238
Occasion of Writing. Relative Position of Jews and Gentiles
Illustrated.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 238
The Law Anterior to Moses.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 240
Of Circumcision and the Supercession of the Old Law.. . . . . . . . . . . p. 243
Of the Observance of the Sabbath.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 246
Of Sacrifices.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 247
Of the Abolition and the Abolisher of the Old Law.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 249
The Question Whether Christ Be Come Taken Up.. . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 250
Of the Times of Christ's Birth and Passion, and of Jerusalem's
Destruction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 252
Of the Prophecies of the Birth and Achievements of Christ.. . . . . . . . p. 256
Concerning the Passion of Christ, and Its Old Testament Predictions and
Adumbrations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 263
Further Proofs, from Ezekiel. Summary of the Prophetic Argument Thus
Far.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 268
Further Proofs from the Calling of the Gentiles.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 270
Argument from the Destruction of Jerusalem and Desolation of
Judea.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 271
Conclusion. Clue to the Error of the Jews.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 277
The Soul's Testimony.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 280
Chapter I.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 280
Chapter II.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 282
Chapter III.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 283
Chapter IV.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 284
Chapter V.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 286
Chapter VI.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 287
Elucidations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 288
A Treatise on the Soul.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 289
It is Not to the Philosophers that We Resort for Information About the
Soul But to God.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 289
The Christian Has Sure and Simple Knowledge Concerning the Subject
Before Us.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 291
The Soul's Origin Defined Out of the Simple Words of Scripture.. . . . . p. 293
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ANF03. Latin Christianity: Its Founder, Tertullian Philip Schaff
In Opposition to Plato, the Soul Was Created and Originated at
Birth.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 294
Probable View of the Stoics, that the Soul Has a Corporeal Nature.. . . . p. 295
The Arguments of the Platonists for the Soul's Incorporeality, Opposed,
Perhaps Frivolously.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 296
The Soul's Corporeality Demonstrated Out of the Gospels.. . . . . . . . p. 299
Other Platonist Arguments Considered.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 299
Particulars of the Alleged Communication to a Montanist Sister.. . . . . p. 300
The Simple Nature of the Soul is Asserted with Plato. The Identity of Spirit
and Soul.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 303
Spirit--A Term Expressive of an Operation of the Soul, Not of Its Nature.
To Be Carefully Distinguished from the Spirit of God.. . . . . . . . . . . . p. 305
Difference Between the Mind and the Soul, and the Relation Between
Them.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 307
The Soul's Supremacy.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 308
The Soul Variously Divided by the Philosophers; This Division is Not a
Material Dissection.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 309
The Soul's Vitality and Intelligence. Its Character and Seat in Man.. . . . p. 310
The Soul's Parts.  Elements of the Rational Soul.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 312
The Fidelity of the Senses, Impugned by Plato, Vindicated by Christ
Himself.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 313
Plato Suggested Certain Errors to the Gnostics. Functions of the
Soul.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 316
The Intellect Coeval with the Soul in the Human Being. An Example from
Aristotle Converted into Evidence Favourable to These Views.. . . . . . p. 320
The Soul, as to Its Nature Uniform, But Its Faculties Variously Developed.
Varieties Only Accidental.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 322
As Free-Will Actuates an Individual So May His Character Change.. . . p. 323
Recapitulation.  Definition of the Soul.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 325
The Opinions of Sundry Heretics Which Originate Ultimately with
Plato.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 326
Plato's Inconsistency.  He Supposes the Soul Self-Existent, Yet Capable
of Forgetting What Passed in a Previous State.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 326
Tertullian Refutes, Physiologically, the Notion that the Soul is Introduced
After Birth.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 329
Scripture Alone Offers Clear Knowledge on the Questions We Have Been
Controverting.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 332
Soul and Body Conceived, Formed and Perfected in Element
Simultaneously.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 333
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