Answer Key Basics of Biblical Aramaic

44 Pages·2011·0.26 MB·English

Answer Key
Basics of Biblical Aramaic
Miles V. Van Pelt
compiled by
Jonathan Kiel
edited by
Young Bok Kim
Chapter 2: Vowels
2.16 Exercises. In the following exercises, some of the Aramaic vocabulary pre-
sented above appears with corresponding vocabulary from biblical Hebrew.
Using the information presented in 1.5 and 2.13, identify the type of variation
appearing in the Aramaic vocabulary.
Hebrew Aramaic Type of
Word Word Variation
1. שׁוֹנאֱ שׁנָאֱ No Canaanite Shift (see 2.13.3)
2. ץעֵ עאָ Hebrew צ may be represented in
Aramaic by ע (see 1.5.3, footnote 2)
3. ץרֶאֶ֫ ערַאֲ Hebrew צ may be represented in
Aramaic by ע (see 1.5.3)
4. בהָ זָ בהַ דְּ Hebrew ז may be represented in
Aramaic by ד (see 1.5.1)
5. רוֹדּ רדָּ No Canaanite Shift (see 2.13.3)
6. ןוֹשׁלָ ןשָּׁ לִ No Canaanite Shift (see 2.13.3)
7. עדָּמַ עדַּנְמִ Nasalization (see 2.13.4)
8. לזֶרְבַּ לזֶרְפַּ Hebrew ב may be represented in
Aramaic by פ (not listed)
9. לוֹק לקָ No Canaanite Shift (see 2.13.3)
10. רוֹשׁ רוֹתּ Hebrew שׁ may be represented in
Aramaic by ת (see 1.5.4)
2 Answer Key: Basics of Biblical Aramaic
Chapter 3–Syllabification
3.12 Vocabulary and Exercises. The following vocabulary list contains all proper
nouns that occur four or more times in the biblical Aramaic text. Before mem-
orizing this list, cover the English translation column and try to identify each
proper noun by pronouncing the names in Aramaic. Next, syllabify each
word.
Proper Nouns Syllabification
ךְוֹירְאַ Arioch ךְוֹי|רְאַ
אתָּ שְׂ שַׁ חְ תַּ רְאַ Artaxerxes אתּשׂ|ָ ְ שַׁח|ְ תּר|ַ ְאַ
לבֶ בָּ Babylon לבֶ|בָּ
ינַזְוֹבּ רתַ שְׁ Shethar Bozenai ינַ|זְוֹבּ רתַ|שְׁ
רצַּ אשַׁ טְ לְ בֵּ Belteshazzar רצַ |צאשַׁ |טְ |לְ בֵּ
רצַּ אשַׁ לְ בֵּ Belshazzar רצַ |צאשַׁ |לְ בֵּ
לאיֵּנִדָּ Daniel לאיֵ|ינִ|דָּ
שׁוֶיָרְדָּ Darius שׁוֶ|יָ|רְדָּ
דוּהיְ Judah, Judea דוּה|יְ
םלֶ שְׁ וּריְ Jerusalem םלֶ|שְׁ|וּר|יְ
לאֵ רָשְׂ יִ Israel לאֵ|ר|שְָׂ יִ
שׁרֶוֹכּ Cyrus שׁרוֹ|כֶּ
ךְשַׁ ימֵ Meshak ךְשׁיַ|מֵ
רצַּ נֶדְכַ וּבנְ Nebuchadnezzar רצַ |צנֶ|דְכַ |וּב|נְ
וֹגנְ דבֵ עֲ Abed Nego וֹג|נְ דבֵ |עֲ
סרָפָּ Persia, the Persians סרפּ|ָָ
םוּחרְ Rehum םוּח|רְ
ךְרַדְשַׁ Shadrak ךְרד|ְַשַׁ
ישַׁ מְ שִׁ Shimshai ישׁמַ|ְ שִׁ
ינַתְּ תַּ Tatnai ינַ|תְּ|תְּ תַּ (Note the daghesh forte.)
Gentilic Nouns Syllabification
ידָּשְׂ כַּ ‏ Chaldean; (noun) astrologer; ידּשׂ|ְָ כַּ
also spelled ידָּסְ כַּ ידּס|ְָ כַּ
ידָוּהיְ someone from Judea, a Jew ידוּ|ָהי|ְ
ידַמָ Media, the Medes ידמ|ַָ
יוָלֵ Levite יו|ָלֵ
Answer Key: Basics of Biblical Aramaic 3
Chapter 4–Nouns: Absolute State
4.9 Exercises. Parse the following absolute nouns by identifying the gender,
number, and lexical form of each. Translation is also required.
Gender Number Lexical Translation
1. ןמַ זְ‏‏ Masculine Singular ןמַ זְ time
2. ןינִמְ זִ‏‏‏ Masculine Plural ןמַ זְ times
3. הוָיחֵ ‏‏‏ Feminine Singular הוָיחֵ animal
4. ןוָיחֵ ‏‏‏ Feminine Plural הוָיחֵ animals
5. ןדָּעִ ‏‏‏ Masculine Singular ןדָּעִ time, moment
6. ןינִדָּעִ ‏‏‏ Masculine Plural ןדָּעִ times, moments
7. רשַׁ פְּ ‏‏‏ Masculine Singular רשַׁ פְּ interpretation
8. ןירִשְׁ פִּ ‏‏‏ Masculine Plural רשַׁ פְּ interpretation
9. הּלָ אֱ ‏‏‏‏ Masculine Singular הּלָ אֱ God, a god
10. ןיהִ לָ אֱ ‏‏‏‏ Masculine Plural הּלָ אֱ gods
11. המָּ אַ ‏‏‏ Feminine Singular המָּ אַ cubit
12. ןימִּ אַ ‏‏‏ Feminine Plural המָּ אַ cubits
13. רבַ גְּ‏‏‏ Masculine Singular רבַ גְּ man
14. ןירִבְ גֻּ‏‏‏ Masculine Plural רבַ גְּ men
15. םלֶ חֵ֫ ‏‏‏ Masculine Singular םלֶ חֵ֫ dream
16. ןימִ לְ חֶ ‏‏‏ Masculine Plural םלֶ חֵ֫ dreams
17. םוֹי‏‏‏ Masculine Singular םוֹי day
18. ןימִ וֹי‏‏‏ Masculine Plural םוֹי days
19. ךְלֶ מֶ֫ ‏‏‏ Masculine Singular ךְלֶ מֶ֫ king
20. ןיכִ לְ מַ ‏‏‏ Masculine Plural ךְלֶ מֶ֫ kings
21. הלָּ מִ ‏‏‏‏ Feminine Singular הלָּ מִ word
22. ןילִּ מִ ‏‏‏‏ Feminine Plural הלָּ מִ words
23. הנָשְׁ ‏‏‏‏ Feminine Singular הנָשְׁ year
24. ןינִשְׁ ‏‏‏‏ Feminine Plural הנָשְׁ years
4 Answer Key: Basics of Biblical Aramaic
Chapter 5–Nouns: Determined State
5.10 Exercises. Parse the following nouns by identifying the gender, number, state,
and lexical form of each. Translation is also required.
Gender Number State Lexical Translation
1. ןלָ יאִ ‏‏‏ Masculine Singular Absolute ןלָ יאִ tree
‏
2. אנָלָ יאִ ‏‏‏ Masculine singular Determined ןלָ יאִ the tree
3. המָּ אֻ ‏‏‏‏ Feminine Singular Absolute המָּ אֻ nation
‏
4. איָּמַּ אֻ ‏‏‏ Feminine Plural Determined המָּ אֻ the nations
5. רסָ אֱ ‏‏‏‏ Masculine Singular Absolute רסָ אֱ injunction
‏
6. ארָסָ אֱ ‏‏‏ Masculine Singular Determined רסָ אֱ the injunction
7. ךְינִמְ הַ ‏‏‏‏ Masculine Singular Absolute ךינִמְ הַ chain
‏‏
8. אכָ ינִמְ הַ ‏‏‏ Masculine Singular Determined ךינִמְ הַ the chain
9. רמָ זְ‏‏‏‏‏ Masculine Singular Absolute רמָ זְ musical instrument
‏
10. ארָמָ זְ‏‏‏‏ Masculine Singular Determined רמָ זְ the musical instrument
11. רמַ חֲ ‏‏‏‏‏ Masculine Singular Absolute רמַ חֲ wine
‏
12. ארָמְ חַ ‏‏‏ Masculine Singular Determined רמַ חֲ the wine
13. רקָ יְ‏‏‏‏ Masculine Singular Absolute רקָ יְ honor
‏
14. ארָקָ יְ‏‏‏ Masculine Singular Determined רקָ יְ the honor
15. ןאמָ ‏‏‏‏ Masculine Singular Absolute ןאמָ vessel
‏
16. איָּנַאמָ ‏‏‏ Masculine Plural Determined ןאמָ the vessels
‏
‏
17. רוּנ‏‏‏ Masculine Singular Absolute רוּנ fire
‏
18. ארָוּנ‏‏‏ Masculine Singular Determined רוּנ the fire
‏
19. ןמָ זְ‏‏‏ Masculine Singular Absolute ןמָ זְ time
‏
20. אנָמְ זִ‏‏‏ Masculine Singular Determined ןמָ זְ the time
‏
21. איָּנַמְ זִ‏‏‏‏ Masculine Plural Determined ןמָ זְ the times
‏
22. הוָיחֵ ‏‏‏‏ Feminine Singular Absolute הוָיחֵ animal
‏
23. אתָ וְיחֵ ‏‏‏‏ Feminine Singular Determined הוָיחֵ the animal
‏
24. אתָ וָיחֵ ‏‏‏‏ Feminine Plural Determined הוָיחֵ the animals
Answer Key: Basics of Biblical Aramaic 5
Chapter 6–Nouns: Construct State
6.8 Exercises. Parse the following nouns by identifying the gender, number, state,
and lexical form of each. Translation is also required.
Gender Number State Lexical Translation
‏
1. ןוֹיעְ רַ‏‏‏ Masculine Singular Absolute ןוֹיעְ רַ thought
‏
‏
2. ינֵוֹיעְ רַ‏‏‏ Masculine Plural Construct ןוֹיעְ רַ thoughts of
‏
3. הּלָ אֱ ‏‏‏‏ Masculine Singular Absolute הּלָ אֱ God
‏
‏
4. יהֵ לָ אֱ ‏‏‏ Masculine Plural Construct הּלָ אֱ gods of
‏
5. תיִבַּ ‏‏‏‏ Masculine Singular Absolute תיִבַּ house
‏
‏
6. תיבֵּ ‏‏‏ Masculine Singular Construct תיִבַּ house of
‏
7. רבַּ ‏‏‏‏ Masculine Singular Absolute רבַּ son
‏‏
‏
8. ינֵבְּ ‏‏‏ Masculine Plural Construct רבַּ sons of
‏
9. םיכִּ חַ ‏‏‏‏‏ Masculine Singular Absolute םיכִּ חַ wise man
‏
‏
10. ימֵ יכִּ חַ ‏‏‏‏ Masculine Plural Construct םיכִּ חַ wise men of
‏
11. הנָידִמְ ‏‏‏‏‏ Feminine Singular Absolute הנָידִמְ province
‏
‏
12. תנַידִמְ ‏‏‏ Feminine Singular Construct הנָידִמְ province of
‏
13. הלָּ מִ ‏‏‏‏ Feminine Singular Absolute הלָּ מִ word
‏
‏
14. תלַּ מִ ‏‏‏ Feminine Singular Construct הלָּ מִ word of
‏
15. ילֵּ מִ ‏‏‏‏ Feminine Plural Construct הלָּ מִ words of
‏
‏
16. ןיִעַ ‏‏‏ Feminine Dual Absolute ןיִעַ eye
‏
‏
‏
17. ןיעֵ ‏‏‏ Feminine Dual Construct ןיִעַ eye of
‏
‏
18. ינֵיְעַ ‏‏‏ Feminine Dual Construct ןיִעַ eyes of
‏
19. הוָיחֵ ‏‏‏ Feminine Singular Absolute הוָיחֵ animal
‏
20. תוַיחֵ ‏‏‏ Feminine Singular Construct הוָיחֵ animal of
‏
21. ‏‏‏‏ תוָיחֵ Feminine Plural Construct הוָיחֵ animals of
‏
22. וּכלְ מַ ‏‏‏‏ Feminine Singular Absolute וּכלְ מַ kingdom
‏
‏
23. תוּכלְ מַ ‏‏‏‏ Feminine Singular Construct וּכלְ מַ kingdom of
‏
‏
23. תוָכְ לְ מַ ‏‏‏‏ Feminine Plural Construct וּכלְ מַ kingdoms of
6 Answer Key: Basics of Biblical Aramaic
6.9 Exercises. Translate the following Aramaic construct chains into English.
‏‏
םעַ ־לכָּ (1)
every people
‏
ןיהִ לָ אֱ ־רבַּ (2)
a son of gods
‏
םלַ עָ תוּכלְ מַ (3)
a kingdom of eternity (i.e., “An eternal kingdom”)
‏
ןיהִ לָ אֱ ־חַ וּר (4)
the spirit of God (or, “a spirit of gods”)
‏
הוָיחֵ בבַ לְ (5)
a heart of an animal
‏
וּכלְ מַ תיבֵּ (6)
a house of a kingdom (i.e, “a palace”)
‏
שׁנָאֱ ־דיַ (7)
a hand of a man
‏
ןיהִ לָ אֱ ־תמַ כְ חָ (8)
the wisdom of God (or, “wisdom of gods”)
‏
ןירִוֹת ינֵבְּ (9)
sons of (young) bulls
‏
ןיכִ לְ מַ ארֵמָ וּ ןיהִ לָ אֱ הּלָ אֱ (10)
God of gods and Lord of kings
‏‏
אכָּ לְ מַ תלַּ מִ (11)
the word of the king
‏‏
איָּמַ שְׁ הּלָ אֱ (12)
the God of the heavens
‏‏
אעָ רְאַ ־לכָּ (13)
all of the earth
Answer Key: Basics of Biblical Aramaic 7
‏‏
איָּכַ לְ מַ ךְלֶ מֶ֫ (14)
(the) king of kings
‏‏
ארָוּן נוּתּאַ (15)
the furnace of the fire (or, “the furnace of fire”)
‏‏
לבֶ בָ ימֵ יכִּ חַ (16)
the wise men of Babylon
‏‏
אבָ הֲ דּ םַ לֶ צֶ֫ (17)
the image of the gold (i.e., “the golden image”)
‏‏‏
לבֶ בָּ תנַידִמְ (18)
the province of Babylon
‏‏
איָּלַגְר ַתעָ בְּ צְ אֶ (19)
the toes of the feet
‏‏
איָּמַ שְׁ ־ףוֹעו ְארָבָּ תוַיחֵ אשָׁ נָאֲ ־ינֵבְּ (20)
the sons of (the) man, the beast of the field, and the bird(s) of the heavens
8 Answer Key: Basics of Biblical Aramaic
Chapter 7–Conjunctions and Prepositions
7.12 Exercises. Translate the following Aramaic phrases into English.
‏‏‏‏‏
לבֶ בָ ידּ אִ כָּ לְ מַ שׁרֶוֹכלְ הדָחֲ תנַשְׁ בִּ םרַבְּ (1)
but in the first year of Cyrus the king of Babylon
‏‏‏
אפָּ סְ כַ ו הְ בָ הֲ ד יַדּ אִ הָ לָ אֱ ־תיבֵ ־יד אִ יָּנַאמָ ףאַ וְ (2)
And also the vessels of the house of God, of gold and silver (i.e., “And also the gold and sil-
ver vessels of the temple”)
‏‏‏
הּרֵשְׁ פִא וּמָ לְ חן ֶהֵ וְ (3)
and if the dream and its interpretation
‏‏
אכָּ לְ מַ םדָקֳ־ןמִ (4)
from (before) the king
‏‏
לבֶ בָ ימֵ יכִּ חַ ראָ שְׁ ־םעִ (5)
with the rest of the wise men of Babylon
‏‏
אמָ לְ עָ ־דעַ א וְ מָ לְ עָ ־ןמִ (6)
from eternity and until eternity (i.e., “forever and ever”)
‏‏‏
ןיהִ לָ אֱ ןהֵ לָ (7)
except God / therefore God (or, “gods”)
‏‏
אכָּ לְ מַ תוּכלְ מַ ־לעַ (8)
against the kingdom (or, realm) of the king
‏‏
םלֶ שְׁ וּריְ הּלָ אֱ םדָקֳ (9)
before the God of Jerusalem
‏‏
אבָּ גֻּ םפֻּ ־לעַ (10)
upon the mouth of the pit
‏‏‏
אעָ רְאַ בְ וּ איָּמַ שְׁ בִּ (11)
in the heavens and on the earth
‏‏‏
שׁרֶוֹכּת וּכלְ מַ בְשׁ וּוֶיָרְדּת ָ וּכלְ מַ בְּ (12)
in the kingdom of Darius and in the kingdom of Cyrus
Answer Key: Basics of Biblical Aramaic 9
‏‏‏
אלָ זְרְפַ כְ וּ (13)
and like (the) iron
‏‏‏
לאיֵּנִדָלְ וּ (14)
and to Daniel
‏‏‏
אבָ הֲ דּ םַ לֶ צֶ לְ וּ (15)
and to the golden image
‏‏‏
ןירִבְ גֻלְ וּ (16)
and men
‏‏‏
איָּמַ שְׁ לטַ בְ וּ (17)
and with the dew of the heavens
‏‏‏‏
ךְוּבאֲ ימֵ וֹיבְ וּ (18)
and in the days of your father
‏‏‏
אנָבְ אַ וְ אעָ אָ אלָ זְרְפַ אשָׁ חָ נְ אבָ הֲ דַוְ־אפָּ סְ כַ יהֵ לָ אלֵ וְ (19)
and to the gods of the silver and the gold, the bronze, the iron, the wood, and the stone
‏‏‏
איֵדָוּהיְ יבֵ שָׂ ־לעַ (20)
upon the elders of the Jews
10 Answer Key: Basics of Biblical Aramaic