Answer & Explanation for GS Test-7 held on 4 March 2018

40 Pages·2017·1.09 MB·English

Answer & Explanation for G.S. Test-7 held on 4th March 2018

1. Consider the following statements about Incremental Capital Output Ratio (ICOR):
(1) It is a measurement of efficiency of any economy.
(2) Higher value of ICOR indicates a more efficient economy.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans: (a)
Exp:
ICOR refers to the additional capital required to generate additional output. Thus, it reflects how
efficiently capital is being used to generate additional output. For example, if the 10% additional
capital is required to push the overall output by a percent, the ICOR will be 10.
Annual Investment Capital
ICOR=
Annual Increase in GDP
Lower the ICOR, the better it is. A higher ICOR indicates that the production is inefficient as it
requires more capital investment to generate next unit of production.

2. Match List-I and List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below:
List-I List-II
(Winds) (Prevalent in)
A. Harmattan 1. North America
B. Fohn 2. Northern Alps
C. Mistral 3. Western Africa
D. Chinook 4. Rhone Valley
Codes
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 1 4 3 2
(c) 3 2 4 1
(d) 3 4 2 1

Ans: (c)
Exp:
1. In West Africa, the North-East Trades, blow off-shore from the Sahara Desert and reach
Guinea coast as a dry, dust laden wind called locally the Harmattan meaning ‘the doctor’. It
is a dry wind which provides a welcome relief from damp air of the Guinea lands by
increasing the rate of evaporation with resultant cooling effects.
2. The Fohn wind is experienced in the valleys of the northern Alps. It is a dry and hot wind.
3. Mistral is a cold wind in the Mediterranean region rushing down the Rhone valley. In winter
Mistral is most frequent.
4. The Chinook (meaning ‘the snow-eater’) winds are experienced on the eastern slopes of
Rockies in USA and Canada in winter. It is also a hot wind.

3. The joint sitting of the Parliament may be convened by the President under which of the
following circumstances?
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(a) To pass a Money Bill when it has been passed by the Lok Sabha and rejected by
the Rajya Sabha.
(b) To pass an Ordinary Bill when it has been passed by one House and rejected by the
other House.
(c) To pass a Bill which requires 2/3rd majority of both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya
Sabha.
(d) To pass a Constitutional Amendment Bill.

Ans: (b)
Exp:
The President can call joint sessions of the Parliament if a Bill passed by one House is rejected
by the other House or if the amendments proposed to a Bill by one House are not acceptable to
the other House, does not take any action on a Bill remitted to it for six months. But no joint
sitting can be summoned to resolve a deadlock in case of a Money bill or a Constitutional
Amendment.

4. In nuclear reactors, nuclear fission is due to which of the following?
(a) Absorption of protons
(b) Absorption of neutrons
(c) Absorption of electrons
(d) Emission of neutrons

Ans: (b)
Exp:
The fission of radioactive element in nuclear reactors is triggered by the absorption of a low
energy neutron often termed a “slow neutron” or a “Thermal neutron”.

5. Consider the following leaders:
(1) V.V.S Iyer
(2) M.N Roy
(3) Madam Bhikaji Cama
(4) M. Barkatullah
Who among the above were prominent revolutionaries operating outside India during the
Indian National Movement?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Ans: (d)
Exp:
V. V. S. Aiyar, was an Indian revolutionary from Tamil Nadu who fought against the British
occupation of India. Aiyar's militant attitude prompted the British Raj in 1910 to issue a warrant
for his arrest for his alleged involvement in an anarchist conspiracy in London and Paris.
M.N. Roy joined an underground organization, Anushalin Samiti at the age of 14 and became
a militant activist and also helped in organizing Jugantar Group under the leadership of Jatin
Mukherji. He went to Europe in 1915 to organize an armed revolution against British Imperial
rule in India, but he failed. Later, in 1916 he moved to San Francisco.
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Madam Bhikaji Cama was an eminent personality in the Abhinav Bharat society of the Indians
residing in Europe. Her headquarters were in Paris and that was the meeting place of young
revolutionaries like Hardayal and Shaklatvala.
Mohamed Barakatullah fought from outside India, with fiery speeches and revolutionary
writings in leading newspapers, for the independence of India. He was one of the founders of
the Ghadar Party in 1913 at San Francisco. Later he became the first prime minister of the
Provisional Government of India established on 1 December 1915 in Kabul with Raja
Mahendra Pratap as its president.

6. Consider the following statements about oceanic pollution:
(1) Dead Sea zones in the oceans are areas of excessive salinity where aquatic life
cannot sustain.
(2) Oceanic acidification is caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide in the oceans.
(3) Eutrophication of oceans results in an increase in the primary productivity.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans: (b)
Exp:
Dead zones are hypoxic (low oxygen) areas in the world’s ocean. These occur near inhabited
coastlines where aquatic life is most concentrated. The vast middle portions of the oceans,
which naturally have little life, are not considered “Dead Zones.” Ocean acidification is the
ongoing decrease in the pH of the oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO ) from
2
the atmosphere. Eutrophication, is the enrichment of a water body with nutrients, usually with an
excess amount of nutrients. This process induces growth of plants and algae (i.e. increases
primary productivity) and due to the biomass load, may result in oxygen depletion of the water
body.

7. In which of the following States of India crop colonies are being established to attain self-
sufficiency in food and vegetable production in drought prone areas?
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Telangana
(c) Andhra Pradesh
(d) Madhya Pradesh

Ans: (b)
Exp:
The Telangana government is set to launch the ambitious crop colonies project. There are plans
to create 54 crop colony clusters in the State including vegetable crop colonies. A crop colony is
meant to grow a particular crop in a given village or a cluster of villages. The idea is to ensure
that adequate quantities of various crops including vegetables are grown in the State to meet
the demand for food grains and pulses among other commodities.

8. Consider the following statements:
(1) Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C are diseases caused by different bacteria.
(2) Hepatitis B is a transmissible disease — it spreads the same way as HIV.
(3) Hepatitis is primarily the infection of stomach and intestines.
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Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) None of the above

Ans: (b)
Exp:
Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C are diseases caused by three different viruses.
Hepatitis is primarily the infection of liver. 90% of the cases of Hepatitis B transmit via vertical
transmission from mother to child in perinatal period. The remaining cases are transmitted
through intravenous drug users, people having multiple sex partners, infected and unscreened
blood products, tattoo needles.

9. Which of the following is/are instruments of qualitative credit control in Monetary Policy?
(1) Bank Rate
(2) Open Market Operations
(3) Consumer Credit Regulation
(4) Rationing of credit
(5) Margin requirements
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 4 and 5 only
(d) 3, 4 and 5 only

Ans: (d)
Exp:
Bank rate and open market operations are instruments of quantitative credit control. The
qualitative or selective methods of credit control are adopted by the Central Bank in its pursuit of
economic stabilisation and as part of credit management.
(i) Margin Requirements: The commercial banks generally advance loans to their
customers against some security or securities offered by the borrower and acceptable to
banks. Generally, the commercial banks do not lend up to the full amount of the security
but lend an amount less than its value. Margin requirement is the minimum amount of
money that a client must have on deposit, either in cash or approved securities, to access
a loan. The margin requirements against specific securities are determined by the Central
Bank. A change in margin requirements will influence the flow of credit. A rise in the
margin requirement results in a contraction in the borrowing value of the security and
similarly, a fall in the margin requirement results in expansion in the borrowing value of the
security.
(ii) Credit Rationing: Rationing of credit is a method by which the Central Bank seeks to limit
the maximum amount of loans and advances and, also in certain cases, fix ceiling for
specific categories of loans and advances.
(iii) Regulation of Consumer Credit: Regulation of consumer credit is designed to check the
flow of credit for consumer durable goods. This can be done by regulating the total volume
of credit that may be extended for purchasing specific durable goods and regulating the
number of instalments through which such loan can be spread. Central Bank uses this
method to restrict or liberalise loan conditions accordingly to stabilise the economy.

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10. With reference to the Indian freedom struggle, consider the following events:
(1) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
(2) Hunter Report
(3) Rowlatt Act
What is the correct chronological sequence of the above events?
(a) 3, 1, 2
(b) 2, 1, 3
(c) 3, 2, 1
(d) 1, 2, 3

Ans: (a)
Exp:
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April
1919 when troops of the British Indian Army under the command of Colonel Reginald Dyer fired
rifles into a crowd of Baishakhi pilgrims, who had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar,
Punjab. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre was followed by establishment of a enquiry committee
headed by Lord William Hunter. Rowlatt Acts, (February 1919), legislation passed by the
Imperial Legislative Council, the legislature of British India. The acts allowed certain political
cases to be tried without juries and permitted internment of suspects without trial.

11. Consider the following statements about Mitochondria:
(1) The Mitochondria are also called as the powerhouse of the cell.
(2) Only maternal mitochondria are passed on to the progeny but not paternal.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans: (c)
Exp:
The mitochondria are the double membrane-bound organelle found in almost all eukaryotic
organisms. It is one of the most important organelles of the cell and performs various biological
processes such as Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Synthesis, ion homeostasis calcium storage
and regulation of cell death pathways. They are also known to possess their own genome.
Mitochondria generate most of the cell’s supply of ATP, used as a source of chemical energy.
Therefore, it is also called as the powerhouse of the cell. A prokaryote is a unicellular organism
that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus (Karyon), mitochondria, or any other membrane bound
organelle. Only maternal mitochondria are passed on to the progeny as researchers have found
that the transmission of paternal mitochondria or father’s mitochondria is an evolutionary
disadvantage.

12. Which of the following are the methods of weed control in agriculture?
(1) Tillage
(2) Mulching
(3) Integrated Pest Management
(4) Dredging
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
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(c) 1, 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Ans: (c)
Exp:
Tillage, Mulching, and Dredging are the methods of weed control in Agriculture. In Integrated
Pest Management, all the suitable techniques and methods of pest control are followed in a
compatible manner as possible and maintain the pest population below the levels of causing
economic injury.

13. In the Constitution of India, the concept of a welfare state is included in which of the
following:
(a) Fundamental Duties
(b) Preamble
(c) Fundamental Rights
(d) Directive Principles of State Policy

Ans: (d)
Exp:
Welfare State, i.e., a state which renders social services to the people and promotes their
general welfare. This concept of welfare state is expressed in the Directive Principles of State
Policy which set out the economic, social and political goals of the Indian Constitutional system.

14. With reference to "Pradhan Mantri Mahila Shakti Kendra" scheme, consider the following
statements:
(1) The scheme is part of the Umbrella Scheme "SABLA" by the Ministry of Women and
Child Development.
(2) Student volunteers will play an instrumental role in generating awareness about
social issues.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans: (b)
Exp:
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi
has given its approval for expansion of the schemes of Ministry of Women and Child
Development under Umbrella Scheme "Mission for Protection and Empowerment for Women"
for a period 2017-18 to 2019-20. CCEA has also given approval to the new scheme called
‘Mahila Shakti Kendra', which will empower rural women through community participation to
create an environment in which they realize their full potential.
Community engagement through Student Volunteers is envisioned in 115 most backward
districts as part of the MSK Block level initiatives. Student volunteers will play an instrumental
role in awareness generation regarding various important government schemes/ programmes
as well as social issues.

15. With reference to the Swaraj Party, consider the following statements:
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(1) The aim of the Swaraj Party was to boycott the foreign goods and adopt Swadeshi
goods on a large scale.
(2) The party was formed during the anti-Bengal partition movement.
(3) B.G. Tilak and C. Rajagopalachari were the founding members of the Swaraj Party.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) None of the above

Ans: (d)
Exp:
The Swaraj Party, was a political party formed in India in January 1923 after the Gaya annual
conference in December 1922 of the National Congress, that sought greater self-government
and political freedom for the Indian people from the British Raj. The two most important leaders
were Chittaranjan Das, who was its president and Motilal Nehru, who was its secretary. Aim of
Swaraj Party was attaining dominion status, obtaining the right to frame a constitution,
establishing control over the bureaucracy, obtaining full provincial autonomy, attaining Swarajya
(self-rule), getting people the right to control government machinery, etc.

16. Consider the following pairs:
Convention/ Deals with/
Protocol Objective
1. Stockholm : Persistent
Convention Organic
Pollutants
2. Cartagena : Genetically
Protocol Modified
Organisms
3. Vienna : Protection
Convention of Ozone
layer
Which of the pairs given above is/are incorrectly matched?
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) None of the above

Ans: (d)
Exp:
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is an international environmental
treaty, signed in 2001 and effective from May 2004, that aims to eliminate or restrict the
production and use of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The Cartagena Protocol on
Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity is an international agreement on
biosafety as a supplement to the Convention on Biological Diversity effective since 2003. The
Biosafety Protocol seeks to protect biological diversity from the potential risks posed by
genetically modified organisms resulting from modern biotechnology. The Vienna Convention
for the Protection of the Ozone Layer is Multilateral Environmental Agreement. It was agreed
upon at the Vienna Conference of 1985 and entered into force in 1988. In terms of universality,
it is one of the most successful treaties of all time, having been ratified by 197 states (all United
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Nations members as well as the Holy See, Niue and the Cook Islands) as well as the European
Union. It acts as a framework for the international efforts to protect the ozone layer. However, it
does not include legally binding reduction goals for the use of CFCs, the main chemical agents
causing ozone depletion. These are laid out in the accompanying Montreal Protocol.

17. In context of the Indian economy the term fiscal drag was in news recently. It refers to:
(a) Slowing down of economic growth due to twin balance sheet problem.
(b) A situation where inflation pushes income into higher tax bracket.
(c) Increased government spending to revive economy during recession.
(d) None of the above

Ans: (b)
Exp:
Fiscal drag in economics is the process by which, during inflation, rising incomes draw people
into higher tax brackets, so that their real incomes may fall leading to less consumer spending;
this acts as a restraint on the expansion of the economy.
In other terms, it refers to a situation where a government's net fiscal position (equal to its
spending less any taxation) does not meet the net savings goals of the private economy. This
can result in deflationary pressure attributed to either lack of state spending or to excess
taxation.

18. Consider the following statements regarding Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD):
(1) It is an atmosphere-ocean coupled phenomenon in the tropical Indian Ocean.
(2) A positive IOD is associated with warmer eastern tropical Indian Ocean.
(3) A negative IOD is associated with warmer western tropical Indian Ocean.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans: (b)
Exp:
Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is an irregular oscillation of sea surface temperature, In which
western Indian Ocean becomes alternately warmer and cooler than the eastern part. In positive
IOD the eastern part becomes cooler while in negative IOD the western part becomes cooler.
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19. With reference to the Parliament of India, consider the following statements:
(1) The life of Lok Sabha can be extended indefinitely.
(2) The Rajya Sabha is dissolved once in six years.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans: (d)
Exp:
The term of the Lok Sabha, unless dissolved, is five years. However, while a proclamation of
emergency is in operation, this period may be extended by Parliament by law for a period not
exceeding one year at a time and not extending in any case, beyond a period of six months
after the proclamation has ceased to operate.Rajya Sabha is a permanent House and is not
subject to dissolution. However, one-third Members of Rajya Sabha retire after every second
year. A member who is elected for a full term serves for a period of six years.

20. Which of the following text contains the Sanskrit phrase “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam”?
(a) Manusmriti
(b) Vishnu Puran
(c) Maha Upanishad
(d) Bhagavat Puran

Ans: (c)
Exp:
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam is derived from the Sanskrit words – Vasudha meaning the Earth and
“Iva” means “is” and Kutumbakam means the family. Thus vasudhaiva kutumbakam is a
Sanskrit phrase which means that the whole world is one single family. The concept originates
in the Vedic scripture Maha Upanishad (Chapter 6, Verse 72).
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21. Consider the following statements related to the World Economic Forum:
(1) It is a non-profit organisation under United Nations for improving the state of the
world by improving business agendas.
(2) It is headquartered at Geneva, Switzerland.
(3) It releases the Inclusive Development Index
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans: (b)
Exp:
The World Economic Forum is an independent international organization committed to
improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic and other leaders of
society to shape global, regional and industry agendas. It is not the aegis of United Nations. It
was established in 1971 as a not-for-profit foundation and is headquartered in Geneva,
Switzerland.
It releases Inclusive Development Index. Inclusive Development Index (IDI) measures progress
of 103 economies on three individual pillars – growth and development; inclusion; and inter-
generational equity. It has been divided into two parts. The first part covers 29 advanced
economies and second 74 emerging economies. India ranks 62nd among emerging economies.

22. Consider the following statements about Spot Market:
(1) It is an electronic trading platform that facilitates purchase and sale of specified
commodities.
(2) Agricultural commodities, metals and bullion can be traded on this platform.
(3) It helps make profits by betting on the future value of underlying assets.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans: (b)
Exp: Spot Market - It is an electronic trading platform which facilitates purchase and sale of
specified commodities like agricultural commodities, metals and bullion. It provides spot delivery
contracts which are immediate contracts or those in 11 days.
Derivatives Market - Derivatives are financial contracts that derive their value from an underlying
asset. These could be stocks, indices, commodities, currencies, exchange rates, or the rate of
interest. These helps make profits by betting on the future value of the underlying assets.

23. Consider the following statements regarding biomes of the world:
(1) Savanna biome has the shortest growing period.
(2) Taiga is the largest biome in the world.
(3) Temperate forests have the highest species diversity.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
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