Table Of Content

fast facts about o u r world FOREWORD BY KATHRYN THORNTON NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC WASHINGTON, D.C FOREWORD BY KATHRYN THORNTON .................. 10 SO .ARDETAILS.. .... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... 56 ABOUT THIS BOOK. ................................................ 12 THEP LANETS ................................................................... 58 TERRESTRIAL .. ... .. ... .. .. .. . ... 60 CHAPTER I. MAPS & GLOBES ............................... 14 OUTER ... .... ... .... ........ ... ... ... ..... ... . 62 GEOGRAPHy .................................................................... 16 MOONS ............................................................................. 64 THE WORLD IN MAPS .................................................... 18 ASTEROIDS, COMETS & METEORS ............................... 66 6 THE HISTORY OF MAPPiNG .......................................... 20 OBSERVATION ................................................................. 68 V> GLOBES .............................................................................. 22 MODERN METHODS .... ... ... .. ... ...... 70 I Z MAPMAKING .................................................................... 24 SPACEEXPLORATION .................................................... 72 w I MODERN MAPS. 26 COLLABORATION 7 Z o ADVAr---ICES IN MAPPING... ... ... .. ..... 28 EXPANDING UNiVERSE .................................................. 76 U DIVIDINGLI NES ............................................................... 30 1M ZONES. 32 CHAPTER 3. PLANET EARTH ................................ 78 >.C o o THEPOLES .. . .34 FORMATION OF THE EARTH ........................................ 80 cO EQUA 'OR & TROPICS.. ... ... 36 EARTH'S INTERIOR ......................................................... 82 a:: w NAVIGATION ................................................................... 38 CONTINENTS .................................................................. 84 ~ VOLCANOES .................................................................... 86 Vz> « CHAPTER 2. THE UNIVERSE ................................ .40 EARTHQUAKES ................................................................ 88 COSMICB EGINNINGS .................................................... 42 EARTH'S ELEMENTS ........................................................ 90 STARS ................................................................................. 44 ROCKS & MINERALS ........................................................ 92 CONSTELLATIONS .......................................................... 46 AGES OF THE EARTH ...................................................... 94 GALAXiES .......................................................................... 48 SOIL ................................................................................... 96 BLACK HOLES & DARK MATTER .................................. 50 LANDFORMS .................................................................... 98 THE NEW SOLAR SYSTEM ............................................. 52 AKI NG SHAPE......... ..... ... ................. 00 THE SUN ........................................................................... 54 SLANDS... .... ... .... ........ ... ... ... .... .. .... 102 EARTH'S A TMOSPH ERE ................................................ 104 SPIDERS & THEIR KIN .................................................... 54 WiND .............................................................................. 106 MOLLUSKS ...................................................................... 56 LlGHT.. ............................................................................. 108 FISH ................................................................................. 58 WATER ............................................................................ 110 REPTILES .......................................................................... 60 OC .ANS. .... ... .... .... .... .... ......... .... ..... 112 AMPHIBIANS................................................................... 62 RIVERS 116 BIRDS ............................................................................... 64 LAKES ... ... ... .. .. .. ... ... ... .. .. .. I 8 MAMMALS ....................................................................... 66 7 CE .. .... .... ......... ........ 120 SEAM AMMALS ... ....... ... .... .... .... 68 » z THREATENEDP LANET ................................................. 122 ANIMALC URIOSITIES ................................................... 70 Vl AIR. 124 MIGRATION .................................................................... 72 ~ m WATER .............................. 126 BIODiVERSiTy................................................................ 74 ;;D oOJ EXTINCTION .................. 76 o CHAPTER 4. LIFE ON EARTH .............................. 128 TH REArEN ED SPEC ES ....... ... .... ........ ... 78 A LIFE BEGINS..................................................................... 30 LIFE-FORMS..................................................................... 32 CHAPTER 5. CLIMATES & HABITATS ................. 180 (o) FUNGI & LICHENS ......................................................... 34 WEATHER ....................................................................... 182 Z -I PLANTS ............................................................................ 36 PREDICTIONS.. .... .... .... ... ... .... ......... 184 m Z FLOWERING 38 STORMS ........................................................................... 186 -I Vl SHRUBS .. 40 HURR,CANES . 188 TREES ................................................ 42 SNOW & ICE ... .... .... ....... ... .... .... .... 190 MEDICINAL . .... .... .... ......... ........ 4· CLIMATE .......................................................................... 192 PLANT CURIOSITIES ..................................................... 46 BIOMES ............................................................................ 194 BACTERIA, PROTISTS & ARCHAEA ...... .......... ............ 48 FORESTS .......................................................................... 196 INSECTS ........................................................................... 50 RA.N FORESTS. ..... .... ........ ... ..... ........ ... 198 BUTTERFLIES & MOTHS.... .... .... ............. 52 BOREAL FORESTS.. .... ....... .... ..... ... .... ... 200 r MEDITERRANEAN... .... .... .... ... ... ...... 202 WORLD POPULATION ................................................. 250 MANGROVES .................................................................. 204 TRANSPORTATION ...................................................... 252 GRASSLAND & SAVANNA ........................................... 206 COMMERCE .................................................................... 254 DESERT & DRY SHRUBLAND ....................................... 208 WORLD TRADE TODAY... ... .. .... .... .... 256 TUNDRA & ICE CAP ...................................................... 210 SHELTER .......................................................................... 258 AQUATIC BIOMES ......................................................... 212 CiTIES ............................................................................... 260 8 HUMAN IMPACT ............................................................ 214 CHAPTER 7. WORLD HISTORY ........................... 262 V> I Z CHAPTER 6. THE HUMAN WORLD ................... 216 PREHISTORY 10,000-3500 B.C. ..................................... 264 w I HUMAN ORIGINS .......................................................... 218 MESOPOTAMIA 3500-500 B.C. ..................................... 266 Z o HUMAN MIGRATION ................................................... 220 EGYPT 3000-30 B.C. ....................................................... 268 U THE HUMAN FAMILY .................................................... 222 INDIA 2500 B.C.-AD. 500 ............................................. 270 ETHNICITIES . .... .... .... ... .... ...... 224 CHINA 2200 B.C.-AD. 500 ........................................... 272 >.C o o RACE. CLASS & GENDER 226 GREECE & PERSIA 1600 B.C.-AD. 500 ......................... 274 cO LANGUAGE .................................................................... 228 ROME SOO B.C.-AD. 500 ............................................... 276 a:: w WRITI NG. .... ..... .... .... .... .... ... .... ...... 230 MIDDLE AGES 500-1000 ................................................ 278 ~ RELIGION ........................................................................ 232 000 500 280 Vz> « HINDUISM & BUDDHISM. 234 AFRICA 500-1500 ........................................................... 282 MONOTHEISM 236 ASIA 500-1500 ................................................................. 284 ART ................................................................................. 238 OCEANIA & N. AMERICA PREHISTORY TO 1500 .... 286 MUSiC .............................................................................. 240 MESOAMERICA PREHISTORY-I 500 ............................. 288 CLOTHING ..................................................................... 242 SOUTH AMERICA PREHISTORY-I 500 ........................ 290 FOOD .............................................................................. 244 WORLD NAVIGATION 1492-1522 .............................. 292 AGRiCULTURE ................................................................ 246 RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION 1500-1650 ............ 294 MODERN 248 A NEW WORLD 1500-1775 ......................................... 296