ANS Newsletter Winter 1991

10 Pages·1991·0.91 MB·English

by  American Numismatic Society

ANS
NEWSLETTER
THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY
Broadway at 155‘h Street, New York, NY 10032 [phone] FAX [phone] Winter 1991
“Mexican Coinage and Finance” ANS Annual Giving Passes
Half Way Mark
Conference Held at ANS
The ANS sponsored a special conference coinage: this is the subject of an exhibit in Co-Chairmen of the Annual Giving
on “Mexican Coinage and Finance” at its the East Hall of the Society. In the Spanish campaign, Allen F. Lovejoy and Joseph R.
headquarters on November 17, 1990. The empire of the 18th century, there is a Lasser, are pleased to announce that with
meeting took place amid many exhibitions, parallel story. Medalists like Tomas Prieto, over $54,000 in contributions received, we
performances, and other public gatherings Geronimo Antonio Gil, Francisco are more than half way toward the
in New York City last fall in celebration Casanova, and Francisco Gordillo produc¬ $100,000 we need to raise this year. They
of the cultural heritage of Mexico. ed medals which are among supreme add that happily at least a third of the
Organized by John Kleeberg, ANS achievements of the Spanish baroque and donors to the 1990/91 ANS Annual Giv¬
Assistant Curator of Modern Coins, the neo-classical periods. Later Casanova, Gil ing are new to the campaign this year, in¬
conference featured three speakers during and Gordillo obtained appointments as dicating a healthy growth in our base of
the afternoon program chaired by engravers and mintmasters at the mint of support.
Theodore V. Buttrey of The Fitzwilliam Mexico City and presided over a redesign Mr. Lovejoy and Mr. Lasser point out,
Museum, Cambridge, England: Clyde of Spanish coinage: the replacement of the however, that we have a long way to go
Hubbard of Mexico City, Dr. Kleeberg, pillar and waves type by the bust type on to reach our hoped for 50% participation
and Richard G. Doty of the Smithsonian the eight real, plus numerous alterations of the ANS membership. We really need
Institution. A special exhibit related to the to the bust of Charles III on the eight that magnitude of involvement to cover
themes of the conference opened in the escudo. Who redesigned this coinage? operating expenses.
Society’s East Hall on November 17 and How were the new designs transmitted to Maintaining all the ANS facilities—coin
remained on view through January 1991. mints thousands of miles away from the collections, library, photofile, editorial,
metropolis? How do you engrave a medal photography, and exhibitions—is a large
Papers Varied in Content or a coin depicting a king you have never undertaking. It takes sizeable funds to pro¬
seen? vide the services expected of us—lectures,
Between 1907 and 1922, great medalists
The answers to these questions were conferences, curatorial and library
and sculptors like Saint-Gaudens and Bela
provided by a paper delivered by Clyde assistance, books, journals, and the
Lyon Pratt redesigned United States
(Continued on page 2) ANSNewsletter.
Support for the work of the Society
comes mainly from its membership—
individuals who share in common the in¬
terests and goals of our organization.
Everyone’s help is necessary to keep the
Society productive. Membership dues
cover only 6.6% of the ANS budget. Foun¬
dations, corporations, and government
grants support some activities, but it is the
members, who know the value of the ANS,
to whom we turn for Annual Giving. An¬
nual Giving pays for operational expenses,
upon which all of our functions depend.
Last year, during our first Annual Giv¬
ing Campaign, only 12.5% of the
members raised $88,000. Imagine what we
can do this year, with greater participation.
A goal of 50% participation is realistic and
necessary for fiscal year 1990-91.
This is R. Henry Norweb’s first Annual
Participants at the Mexican Conference: John Kleeberg, Richard G Doty, Clyde Hubbard, Theodore V Buttrey, Jr , and
ANS President, R Henry Norweb, Jr (Continued on page 2)
2
(Conference, continued from page 1) Benefactor Profile: Raphael E. Solomon
Hubbard entitled “Unpublished Patterns
from the Collection of the Casa de Moneda From the time of its founding over 130
de Mexico.” Hubbard discussed cliches: years ago, the ANS has had the great for¬
not true patterns, but thin uniface sheets tune to be named as a beneficiary in the
of metal struck by the dies; these were us¬ wills of many of its loyal supporters. In
ed to transmit the new coinage designs to Raphael E. Solomon, the Society has
Spanish colonial mints. The cliches for the another friend and provider.
eight escudos were thin uniface sheets of Mr. Solomon has informed the ANS
gold, so thin that they were incuse on the that it stands to benefit from a substantial
reverse, with a beauty not unlike unrestricted gift, as a residual legatee in his
Mycenaean death masks. In addition to will. He worked with his attorney and ANS
the cliches, Hubbard cited an inventory Director Leslie A. Elam on the wording for
enumerating a complete package for his bequest, in response to the Society’s Raph Solomon and Leslie Elam at lunch
manufacturing eight escudo pieces, in¬ Development Campaign. important positions, including president,
cluding punches of the bust of the king, Mr. Solomon, known as “Raph” at the 1968-1969, and was chairman of the com¬
finished dies, and blank dies; he also refer¬ Society, joined the ANS in 1952 and was mittee that compiled the History of the New
red to punches of the bust of the king in elected a Fellow of the Society in 1979. He York Numismatic Club, 1908-1961. As a col¬
other museums in Spanish America. The co-authored, with Oscar Schilke, America’s lector, he is interested in aesthetic aspects
bust of Charles III which was introduced Foreign Coins, 1793-1857 in 1964. He also of coinage and particularly in early 20th
in 1772 was designed, incidentally, by contributed the chapter on foreign coins century U.S. gold.
Tomas Prieto, who was Gil’s teacher. circulating in the American colonies for the Raph has consistently supported the
John Kleeberg delivered a paper on “In¬ Society’s bicentennial publication, Studies ANS during his long association with the
ternational Bullion Movements during the on Money in Early America, published in Society. With his announcement of this
Napoleonic Wars: The Mexican Silver 1976. major bequest, he establishes himself as a
Scheme of the Financier Gabriel-Julien Over the years, Mr. Solomon has serv¬ true benefactor of the Society’s mission in¬
Ouvrard.’’ The financier Ouvrard was a ed the New York Numismatic Club in all to the next century.
major creditor of the French government,
and his only chance of getting his money
back was by taking over Spanish debt
obligations. Spain gave Ouvrard drafts teresting to note that the most common 1869 the liberals introduced the regular
upon Veracruz, but how was the silver date among them is 1805, in other words issue centavo. But sentiment was still so
bullion accumulated in Mexico to be at a time when Ouvrard’s scheme of strong in favor of the old real/escudo
transported to Europe, when Britain con¬ transporting Mexican coin was at a peak. coinage that there were still occasional
trolled the seas? Ouvrard shipped the silver Richard G. Doty discussed “Juaristas, issues of non-decimal coins into the 1870s.
in two ways: first, he got permission from Imperialistas and Centavos: Decimaliza¬ The conference chairman, Theodore V.
Pitt to ship some of that silver to Britain tion and Civil War in Mexico, Buttrey, concluded by saying how pleas¬
for the account of Baring’s; Baring’s then 1857-1870.” The liberals who came to ed he was to hear new research in a coinage
transferred the credit to Hope of Amster¬ power in Mexico were in a hurry, he said: series which had always been among his
dam, who ultimately credited Ouvrard. they wanted to make Mexico what they favorites. Dr. Doty spoke for many at the
Ouvrard’s second method was to ship the considered a modern European state. A conference when he observed that without
bullion to the United States and purchase modern state should have a decimal the catalogue of Mexican coinage compil¬
sugar and cotton, then ship these goods to coinage. No sooner had the liberals begun ed by Professor Buttrey and Clyde Hub¬
Antwerp; Hope would sell these proceeds to introduce decimal coins than their anti¬ bard, much research about Mexican
on the Continent, credit Spain’s account, clerical measures led to a conservative coinage would have been impossible.
Spain would then pay its debt to France, revolt. Making an alliance with a French Generous donations from the Krause
and the French government would pay off army of intervention, the conservatives Foundation and the Azteca Numismatic
its major creditors; and who was the placed Maximilian, the brother of the Society (the latter a society founded by the
French government’s chief creditor? Austrian Emperor Francis Joseph, on the late numismatist Dr. Pradeau) made the
Gabriel-Julien Ouvrard. Ouvrard’s agent throne. But the intriguers of the conference possible. All in attendance en¬
in the United States was David Parish, Ballhausplatz who regarded Maximilian as joyed a Mexican-style reception following
who was a relative of Society benefactor suspiciously liberal had not been mistaken. presentation of the papers.
Daniel Parish, Jr. Kleeberg sought traces Like his patron Napoleon III, Maximilian
of, the bullion movements in the coinage wanted a liberal empire. He accordingly
of the time: the chaos of the gold/silver introduced a decimal coinage. At the same
ratio which led to the suspension in the time, the liberals (the Juaristas) had retain¬
United States of the minting of dollar coins ed a few northern mints, and there they
(Annual Giving, continued from page 1)
(symbolized by that notorious fantasy, the curried popular favor (which detested all
1804 dollar), the circulation of Spanish coinage innovations, as usual) by continu¬ Giving campaign as ANS President. He
coin in Britain as evidenced by both regal ing to strike coins to the real/escudo stan¬ joins Chairmen Lovejoy and Lasser in urg¬
and private counterstamps, the overstrik¬ dard. Maximilian, meanwhile, had ing each member’s involvement, “If you
ing of Spanish dollars by Boulton, and alienated the liberals by his alliance with still have the Annual Giving response card,
finally the use of holey dollars in Australia. the conservatives, and his conservative fill it out generously. If not, when the next
A catalogue of all known holey dollars has supporters by his liberal policies. On June one arrives, don’t put it aside. Support our
recently been published, and it is in- 19, 1867 he was executed at Queretaro. In American Numismatic Society.”
3
Seminar Students Featured at ANS Meeting
Congress Makes 1991 Year
to Donate Coins, Books
The inaugural Graduate Seminar Con¬ the much discussed and debated Athenian
ference was held at the Society’s building Coinage Decree. Her paper, “The Mints
on January 12, marking another new of Northern Greece and the Athenian ANS members and friends have the op¬
portunity during 1991 to gain considerable
departure in ANS public programs of Coinage Decree,” demonstrates what a
tax advantage by making gifts of objects
general interest. The program featured fresh mind can do to an old problem.
to the Society’s collections and library.
three alumni of the Society’s 1990 Following Ms Schoenhammer’s il¬
Thanks to revisions of the federal tax law
Graduate Seminar Program, who lustrated talk, Mrs. Arnold-Biucchi in¬
enacted late in 1990, those who donate
presented summaries of their individual troduced the second speaker on the pro¬
tangible personal property in 1991 can
research projects.
claim a deduction equal to current market
Society President, R. Henry Norweb,
value of the gift for both regular tax and
Jr. opened the meeting, expressing in par¬
alternative minimum tax purposes, as long
ticular his appreciation to the students for
as the donation is related to the Society’s
agreeing to “go first” in this new venture
tax-exempt purpose.
and introduced William E. Metcalf who
The law also provides that large con¬
explained to the audience the nature of the
tributions made during 1991 that exceed
meeting, classifying the forthcoming talks
the limit of thirty percent of adjusted gross
as “works in progress.” The speakers were
income can be carried forward for up to
in turn introduced by the ANS curators
five years. Based on an amendment offered
under whom the students worked during
by Sen. Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D-NY),
the summer.
the new law states that for taxable year
Carmen Arnold-Biucchi, the Margaret
1991 only, “If a taxpayer makes a
Thompson Curator of Greek Coins,
charitable contribution of tangible personal
prefaced her introductions by remarking
property (other than inventory or other in¬
“for the Society and for the supervising
come property, or short-term capital gain
curators in particular, the students are
property), the use of which is related to the
their real “raison d’etre”, they make all
donee’s tax-exempt purpose, the taxpayer
the menial tasks of our museum work wor¬
is entitled to claim a deduction for both
thwhile. They project and continue into the
gram, Gordon Nixon, from the Universi¬
regular and alternative minimum tax pur¬
next century what we have learned from
ty of Toronto in Canada. He received his
poses in the amount of the property’s fair
E.T. Newell, George Miles, Margaret
Masters Degree in Greek there in 1989 in
market value (subject to present-law
Thompson, and others.”
the Department of Classics. He is now
percentage limitations).”
enrolled in the Ph. D. program at the
A letter outlining these provisions has
University of Toronto and teaches a second
been sent to all members since this year
year undergraduate course. She went on
certainly presents a unique window of op¬
to note that Mr. Nixon’s interests in the
portunity to take the full tax deduction
Greek world and culture are broad and he
allowable for the fair market value of
is eager to learn to use all the tools of the
numismatic objects and library materials
ancient historian and classicist, including
donated to the ANS.
epigraphy, papyrology and numismatics.
His work has come to focus increasingly
on the Greeks in the East, as indicated by
his topic, “A Commemorative Coin of
Eucratides of Bactria.”
Mr. Nixon was followed to the podium
by Alan M. Stahl, ANS Curator of
Medieval Coins and of Medals, who in¬
troduced the third speaker of the after¬
***** noon, Louis Waldman, a graduate student
in the Art History program of the
Graduate Center, City University of New
York. Mr. Stahl noted that “the question
She then introduced Maria Schoenham- often arises of the relevance of the study
mer, noting that she is originally from Ger¬ of medals to numismatic scholarship and
many where she received her Masters the value of numismatic methodology for
Degree in 1988 from the University of the study of medals. This paper provides
Regensburg in religious studies and an excellent example of the interrelation¬
classics. Since then she has been enrolled ship between these fields and demonstrates
in the Ph.D. program of the Graduate what can be learned from and about
Center of the City University of New medals.” Mr. Waldman spoke on “The
York, where she also teaches as an adjunct Medals of Alexander Colin and Habsburg
professor. Last summer, she attacked a "9 Dynasticism after Charles V.” A reception
very complex and difficult problem with in honor of the speakers followed the
great determination: a reconsideration of meeting.
4
COUNCIL SETS
Norweb Addresses Group at FUN Convention
ACQUISITION POLICY
At its meeting ofjanuary 12, the Socie¬ As the first official undertaking of his
ty’s Council adopted the following policy new office, ANS President R. Henry
statement regarding acquisition and Norweb, Jr. attended the annual conven¬
exhibition: tion of the Florida United Numismatists
(FUN), at the Orange County Convention
"The American Numismatic Society
Center in Orlando, Florida. On January
supports the spirit and intent of the
4, he presented a slide-illustrated talk at the
UNESCO convention on the Means of
educational forum, entitled, "ANS
Prohibiting and Preventing the Illegal Im¬
Collections—Where We Are; Where We
port, Export, and Transfer of Cultural
Are Going,’’ in which he gave an overview
Property of November 14, 1970, and will
of the size and breadth of the Society’s col¬
take such steps as may be appropriate to
lections. His slides illustrated examples of
implement the convention. The Society
outstanding gifts and purchases. He
will not purchase or exhibit numismatic
discussed the on-going needs of the collec¬
objects which have been excavated or ex¬
tions, in terms of acquisitions by gift and
ported in contravention of the laws of the
purchase.
country where found.
Immediately following his well-attended
"When circumstances warrant the Ac¬
presentation, Mr. Norweb hosted a
quisitions Committee may require
delightful reception to welcome ANS
available documentation to insure com¬
members, convention attendees, and
pliance with the Society’s policy on
members of the press. In addition, a
acquisitions.
number of potential ANS members had the
"Acquisitions of objects under $2,000 in
opportunity to sample the Society’s
value shall be at the discretion of the Chief
hospitality and hear an overview of its ac¬
Curator. Acquisitions of objects over
tivities from the president
$2,000 in value shall be individually R Henry Norweb, Jr. (Photo courtesy oj Coin World).
ANS Development Officer Roxanne
reviewed by the Acquisitions Committee,
Greenstein also participated in the FUN publications and membership materials.
which shall have the power to review all
Convention, which is a major national She was assisted by five dedicated ANS
acquisitions of whatever value, and all
gathering of numismatists and dealers. She member volunteers, Jerome L. Goldman,
dispositions from the collection.
organized the ANS information booth on Fred L. Lake, William F. Mross, Lin
"The Acquisitions Committee shall
the convention floor, which displayed ANS Overholt, and William Rubin.
meet at least once a year. The Committee
may be convened by telephone or transact
ASSOCIATES ELECTED
business by mail in accordance with the
Council resolution of April 12, 1980.
"The Chief Curator shall serve as ANS SPONSORS NAMED At its meeting ofjanuary 12, the Socie¬
ty’s Council elected the following Associate
Secretary of the Acquisitions Committee,
Members of the ANS: Cora Acebron-
and shall report to the Council at its
Three generous members of the ANS
Tolosa, New York, NY; Jose Acosta,
regular meetings.’’
were designated as "Sponsors of the Socie¬
Yonkers, NY; Isa Akbas, Istanbul,
ty’’ at the January 12 meeting of the Coun¬
Turkey; Luciano Boccardi, Milan, Italy;
Acquisitions Committee
cil. David L. Ganz of New York, Jonathan
Don Bryan, Bishop, TX; Brian C. Burke,
K. Kern of Lexington, Kentucky, and
The policy, which has been in the course Fort Washington, PA; Michael Cahill,
Stephen K. Scher of Clifton, New Jersey,
of formulation for over two years, com¬
Mineola, NY; Anthony Crisafulli,
have thus been recognized for their con¬
bines a realistic response to the problems Hacketstown, NJ; Dominick D. Davolos,
tributions to our organization which have
presented by the marketplace and by un- Albany, NY; and Armand DeAngelis,
aggregated over $10,000. Their names
provenanced material with a responsible Miami, FL.
have been added to the roll of Sponsors
approach to the growing market in illicit¬ Also, Steve Estes, Portland, OR; John
published in our Annual Report for the year
ly exported antiquities of all sorts. The lat¬ P. Graff, Brooklyn, NY; Andrew P.
ended September 30, 1990, which will be
ter was addressed by the UNESCO con¬ Gregory, New York, NY; John C. Kaiser,
distributed to the membership this spring.
ventions, which were the basis of United Pittsburgh, PA; Deanne Komlo, Danbury,
States law in 1983. CT; Jose Antonio Ortiz Lara, San Diego,
Sponsor Category New in 1989
The Acquisitions Committee was CA; Cem Mahruki, Etiler, Istanbul,
created by the Council to oversee this The category of Sponsor of the Society Turkey; Sam J. Morris, Worthington,
policy commitment. At the April 21, 1990 was created as ofjanuary 1, 1989. At that OH; H.G. Osborn, Brooklyn, NY; Ed¬
meeting, the Society’s By-Laws (Article date the levels of giving for the existing ward Quinones, Clearwater, FL; and
5.2) were amended to establish the Ac¬ categories, Benefactor and Patron, were William N. Veach, Vienna, VA
quisitions Committee as the twelfth Stan¬ raised to $200,000 and $50,000 respective¬
ding Committee of the ANS. Its member¬ ly. Those named to each category are Daub Elected Life Fellow
ship currently comprises Roger A. Horn¬ published each year in the Annual Report. The Council also elected Eugene Daub
sby, Chairman; Glen W. Bowersock, Ar¬ The Society is grateful to our three new of Berkeley, CA, as a Life Fellow of the
thur A Houghton, Allen F. Lovejoy, and Sponsors and to all who contribute to the Society. Mr. Daub is the 1991 recipient ol
William E. Metcalf, Secretary. growth and welfare of our organization. the Salt us Medal Award.
5
DESIGN SELECTED FOR
ANS MEETING TO HONOR
ANS HOSTS SOCIALS AT
QUINCENTENARY MEDAL
EUGENE DAUB
PROFESSIONAL MEETINGS
Polish Artist Wins The annual Saltus Meeting of the Again this year ANS staff members par¬
American Numismatic Society will take ticipated in academic professional meetings
place on February 16, 1991, at 3 PM, at in various capacities, including hosting
On January 11, the Society’s Commit¬ the Society social gatherings of Graduate Seminar
tee on Medals and Decorations reviewed The J. Sanford Saltus Award for signal alumni, friends, and local ANS members.
the submissions to the open competition for achievement in the art of the medal will be
a medal to be issued by the ANS to mark awarded to Eugene Daub, a sculptor ANS Luncheon at MESA 1990
five hundred years of contact between the residing in Berkeley, California. A bas-
Michael L. Bates, ANS Curator of
Old World and the Western Hemisphere. relief artist as well as a medallist, Daub was
Islamic Coins, entertained Graduate
They selected the design of Magdalena trained at the Pennsylvania Academy of
Seminar alumni and other friends at a lun¬
Dobrucka of Warsaw, Poland, for produc¬ Fine Arts in Philadelphia. He has design¬
cheon during the annual meeting of the
tion, and their decision was approved by ed medals for the U.S. Mint, the Society
Middle East Studies Association, this year
Council in its meeting the next day. of Medalists, the American Medallic
held November 10-13 in San Antonio,
The Committee has suggested some Sculpture Association, The National
Texas.
minor modifications to Ms. Dobrucka, and Capitol Historical Society and the USA
The scene was La Paloma Restaurant on
the design will be made public as soon as Delegation to the International Medal
the Riverwalk in San Antonio, arranged
a revised model is received and approved.
with the much-appreciated help of the late
The medal will be offered for sale to Socie¬
Robert Medlar, one of the Society’s staun¬
ty members and to the public in silver and
chest friends in Texas (luncheon attendees
bronze early in 1992.
and others will be saddened to learn that
The competition rules called for a medal
Bob Medlar died early in January). Guests
to celebrate five centuries of continuous in¬
assembled for drinks on a shaded terrace
teraction between the two hemispheres on
high above the Riverwalk looking out
the occasion of the anniversary of Colum¬
through the tree tops at the restaurants,
bus’s first expedition. The choice of a
boutiques, and happy crowds, and then
specific theme and depiction was left to the
moved into a spacious high-ceilinged
artist, with the only requirements that the
Spanish room for a delicious Mexican
medal bear some indication of the occasion
lunch with all the accompaniments.
of issue and either the name or oak leaf
Bob and Betty Medlar and George His
emblem of the American Numismatic
were special guests from the San Antonio
Society. The award offered the winning ar¬
numismatic community, while the other 14
tist was $5,000.
FIDEM medal by Eugene Daub. were MESA attendees (Seminar alumni
with year of attendance): Jere Bacharach,
16 Countries Represented
Federation (FIDEM). In 1986 his design
Carol Bertram, Jamsheed Choksy (1987),
was selected in a competition for the medal
Fred Donner, Tayeb El-Hibri (1989),
In all, 107 designs were received from
issued by the American Numismatic Socie¬ Doug Nicol, Chase Robinson, Lutz
73 artists in 16 countries. The 27 artists
ty for the centennial of the Statue of Richter-Bernberg, Everett Rowson,
from the United States who participated
Liberty Elizabeth Savage, Susan Sims, Denise
include some of the most active and well-
Among his larger sculptures are a bas- Spellberg (1983), John Smith (1956), and
known designers of American coins and
relief commemorating the arrival of im¬ Maria Subtelny.
medals (contest rules promised that the
migrants for the Statue of Liberty/Ellis At the MESA meeting itself, Bates gave
identities of unsuccessful competitors
Island Foundation and a plaque of Christa a paper “Coinage and Money in
would not be made public). The second
McAuliffe for the American Federation of Umayyad Arabia” in a panel that also had
most represented country was
Teachers. A retrospective exhibition of Seminar alumni El-Hibri and MacGuire
Czechoslovakia, with 16 artists par¬
Mr. Daub’s medals and sculpture will Gibson among the participants. The 1991
ticipating. This can be seen as a result of
open at the meeting and run through April
the efforts of Jin Harcuba, 1988 recipient (Continued on page 7)
8.
of the Society’s Saltus Award and
Czechoslovak delegate to the International Jones will undoubtedly add new insights
Mark Jones to Speak
Medal Federation. into these important pieces. An exhibition
Other FIDEM delegates were also ac¬ The award presentation will be follow¬ of medals from the Society’s collection will
tive in encouraging and coordinating the ed by a slide-illustrated talk on “The complement the lecture.
participation of medalists in their coun¬ Medals of the American Revolution” by The meeting, which is open to the
tries. The other nations represented in the Mark Jones. Mr. Jones is curator of public, will be followed by a reception.
competition were: Poland with submissions medals at the British Museum and has Members of the Society have received a
by 5 artists including Ms. Dobrucka; recently been named Keeper of its Depart¬ special invitation, designed and executed
France, Hungary and Portugal with 4 ar¬ ment of Coins and Medals. The author of by Lili Wronker. A subscription dinner is
tists each; Israel, the Netherlands and The Art of the Medal and editor of the planned following the meeting, at which
Sweden each of which was represented by magazine The Medal, Jones is a specialist members and friends will have the oppor¬
2 artists; and single entries from Australia, in French medals. As most of the medals tunity to converse informally with Jovine
Bulgaria, Canada, Denmark, Germany, of the American Revolution were design¬ and Jones. Reservations, at $25 per per¬
Japan, and Switzerland ed by French artists and struck in France, son, may be had by calling the Society.
6
Permanent American Exhibit Installed OVERWHELMING RESPONSE
TO MEMBERSHIP SURVEY
A new permanent exhibition entitled Case four focuses on the new fractional
“American Numismatic Design, 1892— coinage of the period 1913 to 1916. Among The huge response to the ANS Member¬
1922“ has been installed in the renovated the works displayed of the designer of the ship Survey reflects the commitment of our
East Hall of the Society’s headquarters. nickel, James Earle Fraser, are unpro¬ members to numismatics and a desire to
The exhibition focuses on the very fertile duced sketches for the reverses of two of help strengthen the ANS by providing ex¬
three decades in which all of the country’s the artists medals, those of Augustus Saint- tremely useful census information. The
circulating coinage was redesigned and the Gaudens and Thomas Edison. Among the Society is very appreciative to everyone
program of commemoratives was at its works of Adolph A. Weinman, supple¬ who has taken the time to reply.
height. Many of the designs of the period, menting the exhibition of his dime and half Many individuals made comments or
including Saint-Gaudens’s double eagle, dollar designs, is a sketch of Liberty in a asked questions where requested on the
Brenner’s cent, and Fraser’s nickel are Phyrigian cap, which was probably Survey form. The staff is responding as
considered classics and ranked among the preliminary to the design of the half dollar; quickly as possible to these members.
most successful coin designs of the modern it was a gift this past year of the artist’s son If you have not sent the Survey back,
world. Robert A. Weinman. Hermon A. please take a few moments to complete the
The exhibit is in six cases, each presen¬ MacNeil, the designer of the quarter, is form and return it to the ANS. The more
ting an issue of new coins on horizontal represented by several of his medals, in¬ information we have, the better we can
glass trays, with medals by the coins’ ar¬ cluding a large galvano of his Pan- serve our members.
tists and other related material on the rear American exposition medal.
vertical displays. The first case features the “War and Peace’’ is the theme of the
work of the U.S. Mint in the period fifth case, and the focus here is on
around 1892, the year of a change in the numismatic media other than coinage,
designs of the fractional silver coinage. especially decorations and medals. The in earlier cases, these coins are displayed
Though often regarded by contemporaries First WoHd War was the occasion for ma¬ with ancient pieces which served as their
and modern critics as untalented hacks, jor changes in America’s attitudes towards inspiration, as well as medals by their ar¬
Mint Engraver Charles E. Barber and his military insignia: many new awards were tists and other pieces from the Panama-
assistant George T. Morgan did respond established in this era and old ones Pacific Exposition. The exhibit closes with
to the artistic and medallic climate of their redesigned. There was also a stylistic shift a selection from the series of com¬
day in designs for the circulating coinage, in commemorative medals: the soft, pic¬ memorative half dollars of the 1920s and
commemoratives for the Columbiana Ex¬ torial Beaux-Arts style gave way to the 30s, which are among the finest
position, and official medals of the mint. bolder, Art Deco approach to represen¬ numismatic issues of the nation in terms
Many of the coins in this case are proofs tation. The Peace Dollar of Anthony de of design and execution.
from the bequest of J. Pierpont Morgan. Francisci, featured in this case, marked the This new exhibit is scheduled for an in¬
The second case is devoted to the gold end of an era of design as well as the end definite run and is open during the Socie¬
coinage introduced in the first decade of of the war. It was the last circulating coin ty’s regular hours. It will, however, be oc¬
this century and, obviously, features the of the U.S. A. to bear as its main type an casionally removed to make room for tem¬
work of Augustus Saint-Gaudens. In ad¬ allegorical figure rather than a historical porary exhibitions and will be unavailable
dition to displaying an example of the high representation. for view during part of the summer, when
relief double eagle and several business The final case of the exhibition is the room is to be used for the Graduate
strikes, the exhibit includes a galvano of devoted to the commemorative coinage Seminar. The exhibition was planned and
a striking of the extremely high relief ver¬ which flourished between the World Wars. written by Alan Stahl, Curator of
sion of the coin and plaques and medals The highlight of this display is the set of Medieval Coins and of Medals, and was
of the artist, among which is the Society’s Panama-Pacific coins, including both a assembled and mounted by Johanna
unique specimen of the unissued Colum¬ round and octagonal fifty-dollar piece. As Bergmann, the Curatorial Assistant.
biana medal with hand painted corrections
on the controversial, rejected reverse. The
case also displays the work of Bela Pratt,
including several of his medals as well as
his half eagle and quarter eagle incuse
design. A special feature of this case is a
selection of ancient Greek coins which serv¬
ed as inspiration for the new American
designs.
The large plaster portrait of Lincoln by
Victor D. Brenner, acquired last year as
a gift from the artist’s heirs, dominates the
third case. Also featured in this case
devoted to the cent of 1909 are a copy of
the original photo of Lincoln which serv¬
ed as Brenner’s model, now in the Library
of Congress, and an unpublished large
(280 x 350 mm) cast plaque of Iuncoln ac¬
quired this year by purchase, as well as
smaller medals and issues of the cent.
7
“MONEY IN PRE-FEDERAL (Meetings, continued Jrom page 5) STAHL ON NSS BOARD
AMERICA” THEME OF COAC meeting will be in Washington, D.C.,
1991 when all Seminar alumni and Islamic
Alan Stahl, the Society’s Curator of
numismatists will again be invited to a
Medals, has been elected to a three-year
get-together.
The ANS Coinage of the Americas Con¬ term on the governing Council of the Na¬
ference for 1991, entitled ‘‘Money in Pre- tional Sculpture Society. The NSS, the
AIA/APA Meeting in San Francisco
Federal America,” will be held on Satur¬ leading organization for American
day, May 4. The conference will treat the The annual meetings of the Ar¬ sculptors working in the Figurative tradi¬
field popularly known as “colonials,” chaeological Institute of America and the tion, mounts regular public exhibitions and
namely money circulating in the thirteen American Philological Association once publishes the widely distributed Sculpture
colonies during the period of European col¬ again provided the occasion for a gather¬ Review.
onization and the Confederation period, as ing of Seminar alumni and friends of the The relationship between the ANS and
well as colonial medals. The Steering Society. The meetings were held in San the NSS is long-standing, including, in
Committee for the conference is now Francisco December 27-30, and the Socie¬ 1923, the installation by the Sculpture
soliciting proposals for papers; proposals ty’s reception on December 28 attracted Society of an exhibit of medallic art at our
should be sent to John Kleeberg, ANS about 75 of the registrants. Society, attended by more than 19,000
visitors.
Assistant Curator of Modern Coins, care The Society was represented at the
of the Society. Proposals already under meetings by William E. Metcalf, Chief
consideration include the manufacture of Curator and Curator of Roman and
BATES ATTENDS III
Massachusetts silver coinage, the New Byzantine Coins, and by Carmen Arnold-
JARIQUE IN MADRID
Yorke token, Pennsylvania paper money, Biucchi, the Margaret Thompson Curator
special varieties of Connecticut coppers, of Greek Coins, who were hosts of the
the Brasher Lima-style doubloon, Ver¬ reception. Metcalf took the opportunity to The third meeting of the informal group
mont paper money, and Indian peace display Arnold-Biucchi’s newly published of Spanish specialists in Islamic
medals of the colonial and Confederation The Randazzo Hoard (ANSNS 18), to bring numismatics known as Jarique (a Spanish
period. those in attendance up to date on new dialect word derived from Arabic shank,
developments at the Society, and to remind meaning “sharing”) took place in Madrid,
Exhibits Planned those in attendance that they were the best December 13-16, 1990. The theme of the
publicity for the ANS Graduate Seminar. meeting was “Museums and Hispano-
The ANS is planning a special exhibi¬
Metcalf also attended the meeting of the Arab Numismatic Collections,” for which
tion in connection with the conference, at¬
Advisory Board of the American Journal of Michael L. Bates, ANS Curator of Islamic
tempting to assemble most of the outstan¬
Archaeology, chaired by ANS Councillor, Coins, was one of five invited principal
ding examples of Massachusetts silver. The
Fred S. Kleiner. The 1991 meeting of speakers.
Society’s example of the Brasher doubloon
AIA/APA is scheduled for Chicago; The meetings were held in the rooms of
will also be on display. Exhibits on the con¬
members living in the area will receive an the Museo Arqueolagico Nacional, home
ference theme are welcome from in¬
invitation to the ANS social, others in at¬ of one of Spain’s principal numismatic col¬
dividuals. Proposals for exhibits should
tendance are welcome. lections. Dr. Carmen Alfaro Asins, Direc¬
also be sent to Dr. Kleeberg who will chair
tor of the Departamento de Numismatica
the conference.
y Medalllstica of the Museum, was the
organizer of the meeting along with Sr.
VAN ARSDELL TO DELIVER
Club Enjoys “Day at the ANS” Juan Ignacio Saenz-Diez, leader of the
STACK LECTURE IN APRIL
Jarique group. In addition to six “ponen-
In November members of the Flushing cias,” or principal lectures, there were
Robert D. Van Arsdell, well-known stu¬ Coin Club spent an afternoon as guests of some two dozen other shorter papers on the
dent of ancient British coinage, has been the ANS in a special program designed to main theme or on other topics relating to
invited to deliver the Joseph B. and Mor¬ introduce individuals to the full range of Spanish Islamic numismatics.
ton M. Stack Memorial Lecture at the Society services and resources. Bates gave two of the six principal lec¬
ANS on Saturday, April 13. The subject The group was welcomed by Chief tures. One was on the meeting theme,
of his illustrated address will be “Coinage Curator William E. Metcalf and then “Spanish Islamic Coins in the Collections
of the British Iron Age.” heard a slide-illustrated overview of of the American Numismatic Society and
Mr. Van Arsdell, a frequent contributor modern coinage by John M. Kleeberg, the Hispanic Society of America;” the se¬
on his specialty to the pages of the Assistant Curator of Modern Coins. cond discussed “The Coinage of Spain
Numismatic Circular, is the author of the Following the presentation, the group under the Umayyad Caliphs of the East,
recently published and already widely ac¬ visited various departments in the 711-750.”
claimed Celtic Coinage of Britain (London, museum. Presentations were made by The superb organization of the meeting
1989). Hailed by reviewer J. May as a Associate Librarian Kay Brooks, Marie by Srta. Alfaro and Srta. Mercedes Rueda
“major contribution to Iron Age Martin, ANS Editor, and the Society’s Sabater, curator of the Museum’s collec¬
numismatics,” this large work presents the photographer, Frank Deak. tion, was matched by superb Spanish
fully catalogued coinage in the context of Following the tour, the group spent time hospitality, highlighted by a grand recep¬
the relevant history and archaeology. The examining objects of their interest from the tion in the vast exhibit rooms of the Fabrica
book includes as well an excellent ANS collections under the guidance of Dr. Nacional de Moneda y Timbre, which
bibliography on this often controversial Kleeberg. must be one of the world’s largest coin ex¬
subject. Mr. Van Arsdell’s talk will pre¬ For further information on arranging hibits, a must-see for numismatic visitors
sent an overview of the Celtic coinage bas¬ “A Day at the ANS” for your group, to Madrid, and by a performance of Arab
ed on this research. please contact Roxanne Greenstein. dances and music.
8
Library Notes W. O’Connor has donated the second ed authority on the Etruscan people and
volume of his Aviation Awards oj Imperial their language.
Germany in World War I and the Men who
Earned Them. Treated in this volume, are Major ANS Loan
Among the Library’s recent acquisitions
the Aviation awards of the Kingdom of
is an important document purchased at the The ANS is proud to participate in this
Prussia. Three of Jack Boddington’s recent
Bovvers & Merena auction of November important event through the loan of 26
publications have also been received. That
12-14, held in New York City. It is a three- bronze coins to the exhibit from the Um¬
Others May Live deals with Life Saving
page autograph letter signed by Thomas brian mints of Tuder (Todi), Iguvium
medals of the Life Insurance Company of
Burke and dated at Philadelphia, (Gubbio), and Ariminum (Rimini). Eight
Alberta. A Conquered Sea is an illustrated
December 30, 1778. In it, Burke, a radical of these are struck coins from Ariminum
record of the United States Presidential
member of the Continental Congress, and Tuder, usually classified as “Greek”
Life Saving Medal and related awards, and
discusses the recall of the Continental Cur¬ in the major public collections, the others
Pro Fide, Pro Utilitate Hominum is the story
rency issues of May 20, 1777 and April 11, are cast pieces of aes grave, or “heavy
of the medallion of The Most Venerable
1778 due to British counterfeiting. This let¬ bronze” from the Roman collection. This
Order of the Hospital of Saint John of
ter, which further enriches the Library’s loan is quite remarkable, not only because
Jerusalem, Priory of Canada, with a full
growing collection of source documents, is of the size and the unusual manufacture
roll of its members as of the Order’s
illustrative of the philosophy of those who of the aes grave, but because for practically
centennial year 1983.
opposed the Congress’s powers to regulate all the pieces the modern provenance is
the currency. known (and for some the ancient as well)
Mrs. Julia Mandel of Coral Gables has since they were described and illustrated
donated a number of volumes from the in what remians even today the standard
library of her late husband, Edgar Mandel. reference work on the subject, E.J.
Mr. Mandel’s collection consisted primari¬ Haeberlin’s Aes Grave (Frankfurt, 1910).
ly of works on East Asian numismatics and Some are unique or the only other known
many of the works received have specimen beside the one in Haeberlin’s
strengthened our holdings in this area. The own collection and have never been shown
GENS ANTIQUISSIMA
Librarian is also grateful to James Ford in a public exhibit before anywhere in the
ITALIAE: THE ETRUSCANS
Clapp of Scottsdale, Arizona who has world. So the exhibition “Gens Anti¬
IN UMBRIA
donated several rare numismatic works. quissima Italiae” offers visitors a rare op¬
Among these was a “Fac Simile of portunity to view these coins in an exhibi¬
Washington’s Accounts, fromjune, 1775, The exhibit “Gens Antiquissima Italiae: tion setting.
to June, 1783.” Harrington Manville of the Etruscans in Umbria” will open on
Washington, DC, presented the Library May 7 at the Grey Art Gallery & Study Exhibit Catalogue
with a finely bound volume of xerox Center of New York University and run
A catalogue in English and Italian will
reproductions of Scottish numismatic auc¬ through June 29, 1991. This will be the
accompany the exhibition, with essays by
tion sales of the 19th century. Prof. Fred first major exhibition devoted to Etruscan
specialists such as Larissa Bonfante,
Kleiner, a member of the Society’s Coun¬ art and culture in America in the last 45
Adriana Emiliozzi, Francesco Roncalli,
cil, has donated a number of very useful years. This exhibition is a collaboration
Dietrich von Bothmer, Emily Richardson,
works on the history of art and architec¬ between the Grey Art Gallery and the
and others. The essays on the coins are by
ture and a gift of volumes received from Department of Education and Culture of
ANS curators Carmen Arnold-Biucchi and
Hyla Troxell has helped strengthen our the Province of Umbria in Italy. Based on
William E. Metcalf. Society Registrar
holdings of classical texts and histories. a core group of art works of Umbrian
Johanna Bergmann is in charge of the
Authors and publishers have continued manufacture, variations of the present ex¬
loan.
to provide the Library with complimentary hibition have already been presented at the
The Metropolitan Museum of Art in
copies of their works, a gesture which re¬ Vatican Museum, Rome, the Museum of
New York is another major lender and will
dounds to the benefit of all those concern¬ Fine Arts, Budapest, the Archaeological
present another spectacular feature, a new
ed with the Library. From Dr. Elisabeth Museum, Cracow, and the Hermitage
reconstruction of the famous chariot of
Alfoeldi we have recently received Part 2 State Museum, Leningrad. The Grey Art
Monteleone by Adriana Emiliozzi.
of Die Kontomiat-Medaillons, authored joint¬ Gallery will be the sole American venue of
ly with her late husband Dr. Andreas this extraordinary project.
ANS Lends to Swiss Exhibit
Alfoeldi. Miguel Angel Porrua of Mexico In order to redress lacunae of earlier
City has sent a copy of Primeras memorias scholarship which has focused almost ex¬ The year 1991 marks the 700th anniver¬
de La Casa de Moneda de Mexico and from clusively on the narrow boundaries of An¬ sary of the Swiss Confederation and on this
Klaus Sommer we have received Emil cient Etruria, “Gens Antiquissima Italiae” occasion, the Swiss National Museum in
Weigand; sein Medaillenwerk. The coin will address the civilization and artistic Zurich is organizing an exhibit on “Helve¬
weights for the gold coinage of England, production of those Etruscan people who tian Gold” which will be seen in Zurich
France, Spain, and Portugal are covered settled in the region of present-day Um¬ February 16 thorugh May 12, and then go
in the first volume of George Mallis’s Pro¬ bria. In addition to loans from major to the museums of Lugano, Basel, and
posed Standard Designation for Coin Weights, public and private collection of Etruscan Bern, ending in Geneva on March 15,
which now resides in the Library’s art in this country, major groups of loans 1992. The ANS has an outstanding collec¬
“Metrology” section. The Charlton Press have been secured from Italian public and tion of Celtic coins and has lent three
sends the 4th edition of The Charlton Stan¬ private institutions in Rome, Perugia, Or- outstanding specimens from the E 1
dard Catalogue oj Canadian (Government Paper vieto, and Vatican City. The visiting Newell collection for the exhibit. Johanna
Money and the 45th edition of The Charlton curator for the exhibition is Professor Bergmann and Carmen Arnold-Biucchi
Standard Catalogue oj Canadian Coins. Neal Larissa Bonfante of NYU, world renown¬ are in charge of the loan agreement.
9
Four Bennington Work-Study Students at ANS Randazzo Hoard Issued by ANS
The Randazzo Hoard 1980 and Sicilian
Chronology in the Early Fifth Century B. C.,
ANSNS 18, by Carmen Arnold-Biucchi,
ANS Margaret Thompson Curator of
Greek Coins, has been issued by the ANS
and distributed to holders of the 1989
Publications Subscription.
The Randazzo Hoard records 539
tetradrachms most likely from the region
of ancient Katane. Eight mints are
represented: Rhegion, Akragas, Gela,
Katane, Leontinoi, Messana, Naxos, and
Syracuse. Arnold-Biucchi’s detailed study
of the coinages and their interrelationships
leads to the conclusion that the hoard was
closed ca. 455/50 B.C. A comparison with
other early fifth century hoards supports
the downdating of the “Demareteion”; the
author concludes that the decadrachm and
related issues belong to the end of Hieron’s
reign, ca. 475/70. The significant
Syracusan component of the hoard (307
Bennington Students at the ANS: William Scully, Paul Cello, Amy Bohlman, and Justin Dixon.
coins) permits establishment of a revised
chronology for Boehringer’s Groups 1-4.
This year four students of Bennington senior majoring in drama. During this
The hoard is fully illustrated on 20 plates
College in Vermont are spending January Field Work Term, Paul is planning for his
The Randazzo Hoard (ANSNS 18), 1990,
and February working at the Society as upcoming senior project, directing “A
77 pages, 20 plates, cloth bound, $75.00,
part of their Field Work Term program. Delicate Balance” by Edward Albee. He
is issued to the holders of the 1989 Publica¬
Each year a group of students come to the is working with John Kleeberg on the com¬
tions Subscription. Others may order
ANS to work on projects which are design¬ puterized inventory of our holdings of coins
copies using the convenient form accom¬
ed to coordinate their academic skills and of modern Spain and Latin America.
panying this article, members of the ANS
interests with the needs of the Society. Justin Dixon, from Phoenix, AZ, is in
receive a ten percent discount on the cost
Amy Bohlman hails from Rumson, NJ, his second year at Bennington, where he
of the book.
and is currently working on her Senior is majoring in literature and theatre. He’s
Thesis on the fairy tales of Charles Per- been working with Carmen Arnold-
rault. At the ANS she is assisting Alan Biucchi inventorying the coins of ancient Peace Medals. Bill comments, “When I
Stahl with the ordering of a collection of Phoenicia and of the Celtic tribes. began at the ANS, I was so completely
plaster casts of over 6,000 coins of medieval William Scully, an intended psychology confused by the mystery of some of the In¬
Cyprus, assembled by the archaeologist and sculpture major, is a freshman at Ben¬ dian Peace Medals that I dreaded work,
James R. Stewart and given to the Socie¬ nington. He is working with Stahl to in¬ expecting failure. I now feel that when I
ty by ANS Councillor John J. Slocum. ventory and research the provenances of leave work I have accomplished something
Paul Cello, of Winter Park, FL, is a the Society’s definitive collection of Indian and, therefore, cannot wait to return.”
The American Numismatic Society
Broadway at 155th Street
New York, NY 10032
I do not have a Publications Subscription and wish to purchase_copies of The Randazzo Hoard
1980 and Sicilian Chronology in the Early Fifth Century B.C. at $50.00 each (ANS members, $45.00) $
Postage: first volume, U.S. address $1.00, foreign address $1.50; $.25 each additional volume $
Total: $
Check enclosed, or charge my □ Visa or my □ Master Card, acct. no. _
issuing bank _ , exp. date _
Signature_-_
Name (printed) _
Address _
City _ State _ Zip
10
Calendar DUES RENEWAL DATE VOLUNTEER MINI
CHANGED TO APRIL OPERATORS WANTED
February
The call is out for volunteers to help
Beginning in 1992, ANS membership
12 Society closed, Lincoln’s Birthday.
operate a replica of a 15th century mint.
dues will be payable on April 1 instead of
13 Alan Stahl to speak on “The Art
The Texas Renaissance Festival, held an¬
January 1 as in the past. This results from
of the Medal,” Pen and Brush
nually in Plantersville, TX, just outside of
the decision of the Society’s Council to
Club, 16 E. 10th St., New York,
Houston, will feature in 1991, a medieval
amend the Society’s By-Laws, Article 2.4,
8:30 PM; public invited. mint demonstrating how coins of the
which now reads:
16 Saltus Award Meeting at ANS, 3 period were made.
“Dues for each year shall be due and
PM. Eugene Daub to receive the
payable on such date or dates as determin¬
J. Sanford Saltus Medal and Minting Demonstration
ed by the Council. If not paid within three
Mark Jones to speak on “Medals
months of such date or dates, they shall be Starting with raw silver, melted in a
of the American Revolution;”
deemed to be in arrears.” charcoal burning , bellows-fed furnace,
reception to follow.
The dues renewal date for both Fellows spectators will be able to view the entire
21 John Kleeberg away through Mar.
and Associates was then set by Council as coin making process in all its variations
12: Bonn and Munich to do
April 1; dues not paid by July 1 will be during the 15th through early 17th cen¬
research in archives of German
considered to be in arrears. Dues for both turies. Hammered coinage will be
Foreign Office and Bavarian State
classes of membership are currently $30.00 demonstrated, as well as screw presses, the
Library.
per year. edge mill, and drop hammer. Reproduc¬
tion Waltzenwerk rolling mills, powered by
March
an eight foot water wheel will roll silver
15 Executive Comm, meeting, 1:00. bars into thin sheets similar to the techni¬
8-12 Internal Congress on
16 Huntington Award Meeting at ques developed in the mints of Halle,
Med Studies, Western
ANS, 3 P M., D.M. Metcalf to Austria and Segovia, Spain.
M; 0an Univ., Kalamazoo.
receive award and address public
A j to sponsor session on
meeting; reception to follow.
“Coins and Medals of the Mid¬ Work of Local Engraver
dle Ages and Renaissance,” in¬
April Conceived and constructed by Ron Lan¬
cluding papers by James Todesca,
dis, a local resident, this numismatic ex¬
13 Finance Comm, meeting, 9:30 Alan Stahl, and Louis Waldman,
hibit joins a host of other demonstrations,
AM May 11, 10 AM. Reception for
programs, and exhibits that comprise the
Council meeting, 10:30 A M ANS members, alumni, and
recreation of a European village of the
Stack Memorial Lecture, 3 PM; friends, May 11, 9 PM, Fetzer
Renaissance period. Mr. Landis will
Robert Van Arsdell to speak. Center.
oversee the exhibit and demonstrate hand
24-26 American Council of Learned 16 International Medal Federation
engraving techniques used to create the
Societies annual meeting, Arl¬ (FIDEM), Delegates Meeting,
coining dies. Volunteer mint operators are
ington, VA; ANS represented by Milan; Alan Stahl to attend as
needed each day during the entire period
Roger A. Hornsby and Leslie A. U.S.A. Delegate and member of
of the festival, October 5 through
Elam Executive Committee.
November 17, 1991. Those interested in
participating are invited to contact: Mr.
May June
George Coulam, President, Texas
4 COAC 1991 at ANS; “Money in 11 39th Annual Graduate Seminar Renaissance Festival, Route 2, Box 650,
Pre-Federal America. begins. Plantersville, TX, 77363.
The American Numismatic Society
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