ANP 213: Human Anatomy and Physiology 1 Introductions Syllabus

12 Pages·2007·0.34 MB·English

by  Joel Dahms

Introductions
ANP 213: Human Anatomy
(cid:122) Note cards
and Physiology 1
(cid:122) Name
(cid:122) Year you graduated HS and where
Instructor: Joel Dahms (cid:122) Career goal
(cid:122) List of classes you have taken that may help
prepare you for ANP 213 and WHEN you took
them (e.g. BIO 101, Autumn ’05)
(cid:122) List any other relevant experience you’ve had
(job, internship, taking care of relatives, etc.).
(cid:122) Preferred email address
Syllabus highlights Contact info
(cid:122) Class meets: (cid:122) Email: [email protected]
T/Th6PM -7:40PM in AS 1520 (lecture) (cid:198)email is the best way to contact me
T/Th7:50PM -9:30PM in AS 1615 (lab) (cid:122) Office: IB 2324C
(cid:122) Office hours: T 4:00 -6:00or by appointment
(cid:198)New format: every class period we will have (cid:122) Office Phone: [phone] Mailbox 1 (Voice
lecture, then lab. mail only)
Course website Course website
Course Website: The website has:
(cid:122) Syllabus
https://frontpage.northseattle.edu/anp213jd/ (cid:122) Lecture notes
(cid:122) Answer keys to tests and quizzes (not yet though)
(cid:122) Objectives for each unit
User ID: anp213jd
(cid:122) Resources to help you study
Password: neuron
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Required texts: Required texts:
(cid:122) Human Anatomy and Physiology,Seventh
Ed., Elaine N. Marieb& KatjaHoehn,
Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2007.
(cid:122) Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory
Manual,Eighth Ed., Elaine N. Marieb& Susan
J. Mitchell, Pearson Benjamin Cummings,
2008.
(cid:122) A Brief Atlas of the Human Body, Second
Ed., Matt Hutchinson et al., Pearson
Benjamin Cummings, 2007.
Optional texts: Grading
(cid:122) Study Guide for Human Anatomy and Physiology, Breakdown:
Seventh Ed., Elaine N. Marieb& KatjaHoehn,
(cid:122) Exams 450 points
Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2007.
(cid:122) The Anatomy Coloring Book, Third Ed.,WynnKapit (cid:122) Lab Practicals 200 points
and Lawrence M. Elson, Benjamin Cummings, 2001. (cid:122) Laboratory Exercises 200 points
(cid:122) The Physiology Coloring Book, Wynn Kapit, Robert (cid:122) Quizzes & Assignments 50 points
I. Macey, and Lawrence Meisami, Second Ed.,
Total 900 points
Benjamin Cummings, 2000.
(cid:122) Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology,Seventh
Ed., Frederic H. Martini, Benjamin Cummings, 2006.
Points Grade percentages
Exams: (6 x 75pts) = 450 points 4.0 -3.5 A / A- 90 -100%
Lab Practicals (4 x 50pts) = 200 points 3.4 -2.9 B+/ B 80 - 89%
Lab Exercises (20 x 10pts) = 200 points 2.8 -2.2 B-/ C+ 70 - 79%
Quizzes & Assigns 50 points 2.1 -1.5 C / C- 60 - 69
Total = 900 points 1.4 -0.7 D+/ D 50 - 59%
0.0 E below 50%
Your grade = points you earn
900 points
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Commitment Exams:
(cid:122) This is a very difficult class that requires Six exams
learning what is essentially a new language Tues 10/9 Exam 1 (Chaps 1 -3)
(cid:122) As a prerequisite, the class is designed by Thurs 10/18 Exam 2 (Chaps 4, 5)
the college as an overview: lots of breadth,
Thurs 11/1 Exam 3 (Chaps 6, 7)
little depth
Thurs11/15 Exam 4 (Chaps 8 -10)
(cid:122) Expect 20+ hours of reading and studying
Thurs 11/29 Exam 5 (Chaps 11, 12)
each week in addition to class sessions
Tues 12/11 Exam 6 (Chaps 13, 14)
(cid:122) The pace is a little frantic so missing class is
not recommended.
Exams Exams
(cid:122) Given in lecture (cid:122) A little more than half objective questions:
(cid:122) 75 points each multiple-choice, matching, true/false
(cid:122) 1 hour+ (cid:122) The rest: fill-in-the-blank, short answer, short
essay, and diagram labeling
(cid:122) Exam 6:
(cid:122) NOT cumulative (cid:122) You will need a Scantronform and a #2
pencil for each exam.
(cid:122) 2 hours
(cid:122) On Tuesday of finals week (cid:122) Not cumulative per se
Exams Lab Practical Exams
(cid:122) Exams may not be rescheduled or made-up Thurs 10/25 Practical 1: Histology
due to tardiness or absence.Students with Thurs 11/8 Practical 2: Bones
extraordinary circumstances should discuss
Tues 11/20 Practical 3: Muscles
them with the instructor as soon as the
Thurs 12/6 Practical 4:Nervous
situation occurs.
(cid:122) If you know ahead of time that you will miss
an exam for a valid reason, we can make
arrangements but let me know as far ahead
of time as possible.
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Lab Practical Exams Lectures
(cid:122) Four of these, worth 50 points each (cid:122) Lecture slides available on course website
(cid:122) Cover the material on the “Lab Practical Study before lecture (but maybe justbefore)
Guide” (cid:122) Do not cover ALL the material on exams (but
(cid:122) Given in the lab, they will involve slides, the vast majority comes from the lectures)
projected pictures of slides, bones, muscle (cid:122) “Objectives”for each unit will be posted on
models, brain models, and diagrams. the website at the beginning of each unit.
Thisis what you should study from for
exams.
Objectives Attendance
(cid:122) List of learning goals that need to be
achieved for you to do well in this class (cid:122) Students should attend every class session.
(cid:122) Contains what the I and others have deemed If you miss a class session, it is your
to be the most important things for you to responsibility to obtain the lecture notes, to
know to go on in a health-related career. make up laboratory experiments and to
(cid:122) Will be available on the course website. obtain handouts, assignments or other
materials distributed in class. ESPECIALLY
because we meet only twice a week.
Quizzes Labs
(cid:122) Ttwhoe rwee weiklls b oef tcwlaos isn the first two quizzes in the first (cid:122) Many laboratory exercises must be
completed in the laboratory. Students who
(cid:122) Quizzes may cover material presented in lab or
miss a laboratory exercise must schedulea
lecture.
make-up session with me or come in during
(cid:122) They will be ONLINE quizzes, available Friday and
Saturday (details on Thursday) open lab time to get credit for that exercise.
(cid:122) Designed to prepare you for the types of (cid:122) Lab exercises will be due the following week
questions on the exam (multiple choice, T/F, fill- in lab.
in-the-blank, short answer).
(cid:122) QUIZ 1 will be available on Friday–on material
covered this week in chapters 1 and 2.
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Schedule of Lectures and
Readings (Approximate) Questions?
Anatomy
Introduction to the Human
Body (cid:122) “tome”means to cut in Greek
(cid:122) Describes the structuresof the body:
(cid:122) what they are made of
(cid:122) where they are located
(cid:122) associated structures
Physiology KEY CONCEPT
(cid:122) Is the study of: (cid:122) All physiological functionsare performed by
(cid:122) functionsof anatomical structures specific anatomical structures
(cid:122) individual and cooperative functions
(cid:122) Principle of complementaritysays that
structureand function arecomplementary
(cid:122) Function always reflects structure
(cid:122) What a structure can do depends on its specific
form
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Introduction Introduction
(cid:122) Key to learning anatomy is understanding
function
(cid:122) For example:
Left side of heart is larger than right.
(cid:122) Why is that?
Structure (anatomy) and function (physiology)
are intimately related
Gross Anatomy 11 Organ systems
(cid:122) Structures large enough that one can see Integumentary* Lymphatic
with the unaided eye Nervous* Urinary
(cid:122) Surface Anatomy-study of superficial markings Skeletal* Respiratory
(cid:122) Regional Anatomy-The study of specific areas Endocrine Reproductive
of the body (e.g. head, trunk) Muscular*
Digestive
(cid:122) Systemic Anatomy-Study of the 11* specific Cardiovascular
organ systems
Microscopic Anatomy Physiology = Function
(cid:122) Cf. Gross anatomy (cid:122) Considers the operation of specific organ
(cid:122) Involves studying anatomical structures that systems
cannot be seen with the unaided eye (cid:122) Renal –kidney function
1. Cytology -cells (cid:122) Neurophysiology–workings of the nervous
system
2. Histology -tissue
(cid:122) Cardiovascular –operation of the heart and
blood vessels
(cid:122) Focuses on the functions of the body, often
at the cellular or molecular level
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Anatomical Organization Levels of Organization
(cid:122) Chemical Level: -atoms (e.g. carbon)
(cid:122) We will start from the smallest and finish with combine to form molecules (e.g. glucose)
the largest
(cid:122) Cellular level:
(cid:122) Smallest livingunits in organisms
(cid:122) Cells contain organelles, each with a function
(cid:122) Tissue level-different groups of cells that
perform a function
(cid:122) Organ Level-Different types of tissues that
perform a common function
(cid:122) Organ system–consists of different organs
that work closely together
Levels of Structural Organization
Levels of Organization
Smooth muscle cell Molecules
2CCeellllus laarre l emvealde up of Atoms
molecules.
1Chemical level
Atoms combine to
form molecules.
Smooth
muscle
3Tissue level tissue
Tissues consist of Heart
similar types of cells. Csyasrdteiomvascular Bvelososedls
Epithelial
tissue
Smooth
muscle Blood
Connteiscstuivee v(oersgsaenl) 6OThrgea hnuismmaanl olervgealnism
tissue is made up of many
4Organ level organ systems.
Oooffr gdtiasifnsfesur eeasnr.et tmypaedse up 5OOdirrfggfeaarnne nsstyy ossrtteegmman slse c vtohenalstist of
work together closely.
Figure 1.1
Other Levels
(cid:122) OrganismalLevel -All systems working
together (e.g. humans)
(cid:122) Ecological level -How organisms interact
with each other and their environment
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Homeostasis
KEY CONCEPT
(cid:122) Homeostasis: ability to maintain a relatively
(cid:122) The body is divided into 11 organ systems stable internal environment in an ever-
(cid:122) All organ systems work together changing outside world
(cid:198)Integration (cid:122) All body systems working together to
maintain a stable internal environment,
respond to external and internal changes to
function within a normal range (body
temperature, fluid balance)
(cid:122) The internal environment of the body is in a
dynamic state of equilibrium
(cid:122) Failure to function within a normal range
results in disease
Homeostatic Control
Homeostatic Control Mechanisms
Mechanisms
3 IIsnnefpnoutr tma:laotniogn Cceonntterro l 4OInufotprmuta:tion sent
(cid:122) Variables produce a change in the body apfaftehrwenaty to aplaotnhgw aeyff etorent
(cid:122) The three interdependent components of Receptor (sensor) Effector
control mechanisms:
(cid:122) Receptor –monitors the environments and 2 Change
responds to changes (stimuli) detected
by receptor
(cid:122) Control center –determines the set point at which
(cid:122) tEhfefe vcatorira –blper oisv midaeisn ttahien emdeans to respond to 1 SPcinhrt ioavmdnauurgilceauebssl:e Imbalance 5 Rebimnfaefafcelsgukcpne totoinotnrucsedfeee eo odffs
stimuli Variable (in homeostasis) sretitmurunlsu sv aarniadble
to homeostasis
Imbalance
Figure 1.4
Regulation Negative Feedback
(cid:122) Extrinsic regulation: (cid:122) Most common way that homeostasis is
(cid:122) responses controlled by nervous and endocrine maintained in the body
systems
(cid:122) E.g. brain regulates body temp (cid:122) In negative feedback systems the
response of the effectornegatesor
(cid:122) Usually occurs by negative feedback which
can be modeled as a thermostat opposes the stimulus (shuts off the original
stimulus)
(cid:122) Example: Regulation of room temperature
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Regulation: Maintaining
Signal
wire turns
Set Control center heater off Normal Limits
point (thermostat)
R(theceermptoomr-esteenrs ionr Heater Thermostat model
Thermostat) off
Effector
(heater)
Srteistmiimnpgue lrruaostou: mre Imbalance Rtderemospppseornastue;re
Balance
Rtreisemespspeornastue;re Imbalance Sdtertmoimppupelirunasgtu: rroeom
Heater
on
Effector Set
(heater) point
Receptor-sensor
Signal (thermometer in
wire turns Thermostat)
heater on
Control center
(thermostat) Figure 1.5 Figure 1–3
Negative Feedback
Positive Feedback
(cid:122) Rare in nature
(cid:122) The response of the
effectoroutput
reinforces or
exaggeratesthe
stimulus (e.g. blood
clotting, ovulation,
action potential)
(cid:122) NOTa way to maintain
homeostasis
Figure 1–4 Figure 1–5
Homeostatic Imbalance
(cid:122) Disturbance of homeostasis or the body’s Anatomical terms
normal equilibrium
(cid:122) Overwhelming the usual negative feedback
mechanisms allows destructive positive
feedback mechanisms to take over
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Anatomical Position Directional Terms
(cid:122) Hands at sides, palms forward (cid:122) Superior and inferior –toward and away from the
head, respectively
(cid:122) Anterior and posterior –toward the front and back of
the body
(cid:122) Medial, lateral, and intermediate –toward the
midline, away from the midline, and between a more
medial and lateral structure
(cid:122) Proximal and distal –closer to and farther from the
origin of the body part
(cid:122) Superficial and deep –toward and away from the
body surface
Orientation of terms Alternate Terms
(cid:122) Note that Left/Right are reversed in (cid:122) Ventral (= Anterior)
anatomical figures (cid:122) Dorsal (= Posterior)
(cid:122) WHY? (cid:122) Cranial –head
(cid:122) Caudal –tail
Body Planes
(cid:122) Sometimes to gain a greater understanding
of 3D images anatomists cut the image at
different planes
(cid:122) Three planes exists in 3D space
-Two are parallel to the long axis of the body
-One is perpendicular to the long axis.
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