Another's Country: Archaeological and Historical Perspectives on Cultural Interactions in the Southern Colonies

303 Pages·2001·2.49 MB·English

by  J.W. Joseph

Another’s Country
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ANOT H ER’S COU N TRY
Archaeological and Historical
Perspectives on Cultural Interactions
in the Southern Colonies
edited by
J. W. Joseph and Martha Zierden
The University of Alabama Press
Tuscaloosa and London
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Copyright © 2002
The University of Alabama Press
Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0380
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
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Typeface: Sabon
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The paper on which this book is printed meets the minimum requirements of
American National Standard for Information Science–Permanence of Paper for
Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Another’s country : archaeological and historical perspectives on cultural interactions
in the southern colonies / edited by J. W. Joseph and Martha Zierden.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8173-1129-7 (alk. paper)
1. Southern States—History—Colonial period, ca. 1600–1775. 2. Southern
States—Ethnic relations. 3. Acculturation—Southern States—History. 4. Intercultural
communication—Southern States—History. 5. Ethnology—Southern States—History.
6. Ethnicity—Southern States—History. 7. Group identity—Southern States—
History. 8. Southern States—Antiquities. I. Joseph, J. W., 1958– II. Zierden,
Martha A.
F212 .A56 2002
975′.02—dc21
2001004244
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data available
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Contents
List of Figures vii
List of Tables xi
Foreword xiii
Julia A. King
1 Cultural Diversity in the Southern Colonies 1
J. W. Joseph and Martha Zierden
2 The Yamasee in South Carolina: Native American Adaptation and
Interaction along the Carolina Frontier 13
William Green, Chester B. DePratter, and Bobby Southerlin
3 Colonial African American Plantation Villages 30
Thomas R. Wheaton
4 Tangible Interaction: Evidence from Stobo Plantation 45
Ronald W. Anthony
5 A Pattern of Living: A View of the African American Slave Experience
in the Pine Forests of the Lower Cape Fear 65
Natalie P. Adams
6 Guten Tag Bubba: Germans in the Colonial South 79
Rita Folse Elliott and Daniel T. Elliott
7 An Open-Country Neighborhood in the Southern Colonial
Backcountry 93
David Colin Crass, Bruce Penner, and Tammy Forehand
8 Bethania: A Colonial Moravian Adaptation 111
Michael O. Hartley
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vi / Contents
9 Frenchmen and Africans in South Carolina: Cultural Interaction on the
Eighteenth-Century Frontier 133
Ellen Shlasko
10 John de la Howe and the Second Wave of French Refugees in the South
Carolina Colony: De¤ning, Maintaining, and Losing Ethnicity on the
Passing Frontier 145
Carl Steen
11 Anglicans and Dissenters in the Colonial Village of Dorchester 161
Monica L. Beck
12 Frontier Society in South Carolina: An Example from Willtown
(1690–1800) 181
Martha Zierden
13 “As regular and fformidable as any such woorke in America”:
The Walled City of Charles Town 198
Katherine Saunders
14 From Colonist to Charlestonian: The Crafting of Identity in a Colonial
Southern City 215
J. W. Joseph
Bibliography 235
Contributors 267
Index 273
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Figures
1.1 Locations of the sites discussed in this volume 4
2.1 Yamasee settlement patterns 15
2.2 Archaeologists at work at the Yamasee site of Chechessee Old Field I
(38BU1605) 20
2.3 Yamasee settlements in South Carolina 23
3.1 Yaughan structures and major features 31
3.2 Curriboo structures and major features 32
3.3 James City major features and selected postholes 42
4.1 Colonoware and creamware bowls with foot rings 50
4.2 Location of Stobo plantation in Charleston County,
South Carolina 52
4.3 Examples of complicated stamped motifs from
Stobo plantation 56
4.4 Colonoware bowls. Lesesne Lustered bowl with bulbous lip; historic
period aboriginal bowl with bulbous lip 58
4.5 Colonoware rimsherd pro¤les. Lesesne Lustered bowl with bulbous lip;
Lesesne Lustered bowl with bulbous lip; aboriginal bowl with bulbous
lip; aboriginal bowl with bulbous lip; Yaughan bowl with ®attened lip;
Yaughan bowl with ®attened lip; Yaughan bowl with rounded/
semibeveled lip 59
5.1 The 1733 Moseley map showing the Lower Cape Fear area 66
5.2 Slaves collecting turpentine as depicted in Frank Leslie’s Illustrated
Newspaper, 1866 68
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viii / Figures
5.3 Workers’ camp at 31Cb110, Samuel Neale plantation 70
5.4 Location of pre–Revolutionary War historic occupations on the Neale
tract 72
6.1 German colonies in the Carolinas and Georgia 81
6.2 Elderhostelers assist Dan and Rita Elliott in the archaeological
excavation of New Ebenezer 88
7.1 The South Carolina townships 94
7.2 The Meyer, Zubly, and Eggar tracts 98
7.3 Plan map of the Meyer tract features 102
7.4 Plan map of the Meyer tract, Area 1 103
7.5 Plan map of the Meyer tract, Area 2 105
7.6 Plan map of the Meyer tract, Area 3 107
7.7 Hypothetical reconstruction of the Meyer house and outbuildings
108
8.1 Map of Bethania, 1766, by Philip Christian Gottlieb Reuter 113
8.2 Topographic map, Bethania, 1971 114
8.3 Aerial photograph, 1984, of the southern Black Walnut Bottom in Be-
thania showing demarcation of early strip lots 115
8.4 Aerial photograph, Bethania, 1988 116
8.5 Wachovia, ca. 1765, Bethabara-Bethania relationship 121
8.6 A typical ®oor plan with three rooms around a central chimney 125
8.7 Hauser-Reich-Butner House, ca. 1770, Bethania 126
8.8 Regional context and trade routes, Wachovia, ca. 1760–1775 127
8.9 Map of Wachovia, 1773, by Philip Christian Gottlieb Reuter 129
8.10 Wachovia in Forsyth 130
9.1 Post-in-trench structure at Waterhorn plantation 135
9.2 Pro¤le of Structure B1, Waterhorn plantation 135
9.3 Map showing location of Waterhorn plantation 136
9.4 Plan view of Structures B1 and B23 at Waterhorn plantation 143
10.1 The James Cook map, 1773; detail of Hillsborough/New Bordeaux
area 150
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Foreword / ix
10.2 Patrick Calhoun’s 1763 plan of Hillsborough Township 152
10.3 Building with clay, French style; poteaux en terre/poteaux sur sol
detail 155
11.1 A 1742 map of the village of Dorchester 169
11.2 The Dissenter’s White Meeting House as it looked in 1875 172
11.3 The remains of the bell tower of St. George’s Anglican Church 173
11.4 Site map of the schoolhouse and schoolmaster’s house excavation
project 178
12.1 Map of the South Carolina coast showing the location of Willtown
183
12.2 Site map of the Stobo plantation, showing feature designations 187
12.3 South pro¤le of unit N215E175 188
12.4 Distribution of porcelain vessels 190
12.5 Distribution of brass curtain rings 191
12.6 James Stobo’s silver cane tip 192
12.7 African American artifacts: quartz crystal, colonoware sphere marked
with an X, cowrie shell, and blue glass beads 193
12.8 Brass ¤nger ring with glass setting, carved with a cruci¤xion scene
195
13.1 Powder horn, 1762–1764 199
13.2 The Edward Crisp map of 1704 201
13.3 “Ichnography of Charles-Town at High Water,” 1739, by Bishop
Roberts and W. H. Toms 202
13.4 The Herbert map of 1721 203
13.5 Engraving based on Bishop Roberts’s Charles Town Harbor, 1739
206
13.6 The Old Powder Magazine, ca. 1713 206
13.7 Hand-hewn cedar piling used in the construction of Johnson’s
Ravelin, recovered from the Charleston County Courthouse site
210
13.8 Copy of DeBrahm’s “Plan for fortifying Charles Town, South Caro-
lina, as now doing, with additions and improvements, July 1757”
213
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