Another Mirror for Princes: The Public Image of the Ottoman Sultans and Its Reception

151 Pages·2009·10.56 MB·English

by  Suraiya Faroqhi

AnotheMri rrofro rP rinces
AnotherM irrofro rP rinces
AnalecItsai siaOntat:o maann dT urkishS tudies
104
TheP ubliIcm ageo ft heO ttomaSnu ltaannsd
ItsR eception
SuraiFya ar oqhi
Collectioonfs t hematiecs sayfso cuseodn specifitch emeosf
Ottomaan ndT urkissht udiaerseb roughtto gethienrA nalecta
IsisiaTnhae.s es cholarvloyl umeasd dresism portainsts ues
throughoTuutr kishhi storoyf,f erinign a singlveo lumet he
accumulaitnesdi gohfta ss ingle aouvteharoc ra reoefrr eseaornc h
thes ubject.
TheI siPsr ess
2009
SuraiFyaar oqhhais t aughEtn gli(sh17 917-2)a ndh istoartyM iddlEea sTte chnical
GorgiParse sLsL C,1 80C entennAivael.P ,i scataNwJa,y0 ,8 854U,S A (1972-87)
UniversAintkya,r a ands erveads a profesosfoO rt tomaSnt udiaetst he
(l988-
www .gorgiaspress.com LudwiMga ximiliUannisv ersiintM autn ichF,e derRaelp ubloifcG ermany
Copyrigh©t 2 009b yT heI siPsr ess 2oo7).A ftre reteimrents hen ow teacheastt heD epartmeonft H istorByi,l gi
UnievrsiitnyI stanlb.u
Principal publiactinos
DerB etkacshiO-rdeinn A natol(ivoemn spi iten fiinfzehnn Jtaehrhundheirs1t 8 26,
in WieneZeri tscifth firird ieK unded esM orgen/anSdoensd,e rbaInI(d W ienV:e rlag
desI ntsiteustf ur OrientaldiesrtU inki versWiiteant,1 981T)o;w nasn dT ownsmen
ofO ttomaAnn atolTiraa,d eC,r aftasn dF oodP roductiinoa nn UrbanS etting
(Cambrigde:C ambridge UnivPerressi1st,9y 8 4M)e;n o fM odesStu bstanHcoeu,s e
Ownersa ndH ouse PropienrS teyv enteenth-CAennktaurray aKnady seri
(CambridCgaem:b ridgUen iversPirteys s1,9 87P)i;l griamnsdS ultaTnhse,H aj
undetrh eO ttoma(nLso ndoLnB:. T aur,i1 s994K)u;l tuunrd A lltiamgO smanischen
Reich(,Mu ncheCn.:H .Beck1,9 95E)n,g listhr anslabtyi Moanr tin BSoutbtj ects
oft he Sultans, CultuLriefi enat nhdeO tDtaoimlaEynm pir(eL ondoInB.:. T auri,s
2000)A;pp roachOitntgo maHni stoaryn,I ntroducttioto hneS ourc(eCsa mbridge:
CambridgUen iversiPtrye ss1,9 99)G;e schichdteesO smanischReeni ches
ISBN9 78-1-60724-089-1 (MunicCh.:H .B eckV erlasge,r iBeesc k-Wiss2e0n00, )T;h eO ttomEamnp ire and
theO utside Worltdo,1 7175(44L o0nsd oIn.:B .T auri2s0,04 ).
Severavlo lumeosf c ollecaterdt iclPeesa:s anDtesr,v ishaensdT radeirnst he
OttomaEnm pir(eL ondonV:a riorum Repr1i9n8t6sC),o; p inwgi thth eS tate,
PolitiCcoanlfl iacntd C rimien t heO ttomaEnm pir(eI stanbTuhle:I siPsr ess,
1995)Ma;k inag Livinignt heO ttomaLna nds1,4 80-18(2I0s tanbTuhle:I sis
Press1,9 95)S;to rioefs O ttomaMne n and Women,E stablisShtaitnugs ,
EstablisChoinntrgo( lI stanbEurle:n2 ,0 02).
Sheh ase ditevdo l3. TheL ateOrt tomaEnm piroefT heC ambridHgies tooryf
Turke(yC ambridCgaem:b ridUgnei versPirteys 2s,0 06).
A noteo n spellinagn d style
As thea rticilnets h ivso lumea ref ort hem ostp arrte printthse,s tyloef t he
footnotients h eo riginhaalssb eenr etainaendd s oh avec ertapienc uliaroift ies
spelling. Hoinwt ehvebe irb liograalptlhi yt lfeosl lotwh es amef ormaWti.t hr are
exceptiOotntso mawno rdsh aveb eens pellaecdc orditnogt her uleosf m odern
Turiksh.
Acknowledgements
Ia m gratetfout lh ep ublishtehrasht a vepe rmittmeed tor eprintth ea rticlienst his
volumaen dt oM rsE li�fi m§ewkh oh asp repartehdei ndex.
Printine dt heU niteSdt atoefsA merica
TABLEO FC ONTENTS
Introduction
1. "TheO ttomaEnm pirien worhlisdt oWrhya:t tAhrec hivCeasn
teluls "u npublishe.d. . .... .. ... . . ... .. .... .. .. ... . ... ...... .. ... .. ....... 35
Legitimitzhisenu gl taanndh iesm pire
2. "Presenttihnesg u ltapnosw'e rg,l orayn dp ietay c:o mparavtei
perspectivei,n"P roDfr M.ii bahKaiitt ii'knoAagr lmuageadn.,
by ZeyneTpa nmE rtu(gI stbaunlI:s tanbOunli versiEtdeesbii yat
Faki.ilteTsair iBho himi.i2,00 6)1:6 9-206.. ...........5.3. ..........
3. "Exotic anaittm haels su ltacnosu'r tu,n"p ublished 87
Relattoi tngho eu tsiwdoer ld
4. "Ottomavni ewosn c orsairsp iarnadci ynt heA driatiicnT, "h e
KapudanP ashHai.sO fficea ndh iDso maiend.,b y E lizabeth
Zachariad(oRue thymnoUnn:i versoift yC rePtree ss2,00 2):
357-371. 103
.......................................................................
5. "Ottomaant titutdoewsa rdmse rchanftrso mL atiCnh ristendom
befor1e60 0,"T urci3c5a ,( 2002): 6.9.-.1.04... ......1.1.9. ...........
6. "ibramh Pia§aa ndt hem arqudiesB onnaci,n"E ssayisnh onour
ofE kmeledihdsiann ogVloluu,m eI :S ocietciuelst,u res,
scienacc eosl:l ecofta irotenis cc,lo mpilbeyd M ustafKaa 9ar
andZ eyneDpu ruka(lI stanIbRuClI:C A2,006 ):2 79-29.4... ...1.4.9
7. "AnO ttomaanm bassadionrI ran: DAi.ihnmie dE fendi tahned
collaposfe the SaEfmapviirdie n 1 720-2i1nW ,a"h rnehmung
deFsr emdDei.fnef,r enfazherrunvgoeDnni plomiantE eunr opa
( 1500-1ed64.8 b)yM ichaeRlo hrscehindearnd A rne Strohmeyer
(Munster/GerAmsacnhye:n dor2f00f7,) 3:7 5-3R9e8v.is aendd
translfaotret dh ivso lumbey t hea utho.r.. ............................. 165
6 ANOTHER MIRROR FOR PRINCES
Outsideorns O ttomatne rritaonrdyO ttomanasb road:
prisonselrasva,en sdm erchants
INTRODUCI'ION
8. "Ap risoofnw earrre porTthsec: a mapn hdo useohfGo rladn d
VizKiaerrMa u stPaa�faia na ne yewiatcnceosusin nUt n,f"r eie
ArbeitsL-eubnedn sverhviiolndt enri sAsnet iiknde i eb is
Legitiindmgii szcouarnsdte hse petoow phloemt hewye raedd ressed
Gegenweda.rE tl,i saHbeetrhr man(nH-iOltdteoZs uhreiicmh,,
NewY orGke:o Orlgm Vse rl2a00g5,)2 :06 -23T4r.a nsfloart ed
Inr ecyeenatOr tst ohmains tohraivtaern itseoe d x plitchmaeat nen ienr
thviosl ubmyte h aeu thor ...............1.8.9 ...................
. whiscuhl traunwlieac ls e gitiamnitdzh dedee; b actoen cerntihqniugse stion
9. "Trytiona gv oeinds lavetmhaeedn vte:n toufar nIe sr anian
habsr ancohueutdn tiithl a isn volmvaedni yfn omto st oarfce uarsr ent
subjienc te ighteeAnntaht-oclieinnUa tn,ufr"re yAi reb eit,
history-Swurcaihnet mipnhga.is sni osat r bittrosa ormyee:x taetnl te aistt
Okonomisucnhdke u lturgeschPiecrhstpleikectdhib.evy e n
certiacsi onnlnye tcott hecedo nsertveamtpeoirftv hete i maenstd h ree sultant
M.E rdeKma badaayn1Td o biRaesi ch(aHridltd eZsuhreiicmh,,
tendetnosc tyr ess coovnessroe cncoisnauflsl Hiocwte vpoelri tciocnacle rns
NewY orGkeo:r g OVlemrsl 2a00g7,)1 :3 3-1T4r6a.n sfloart ed
don oetx clsucdheo lcaornlsyi derwaittgihoo odnr se:a sOotnt omanist
thviosl ubmyte h aeu tho.r. ................................2..1..9 . .....
. histohraivbaeen esan tp aitnoss h otwh tahtse u ltanwsa'ns o ratus liem ple
10." Bosnmiearnc hiannt thAsed riaitniO tct,o"m Baons nAia .
milioctcaurpya tthi'aoetnn slpaeovpeldwe esr'ie n toennt th rowoifanfttg h e
HistoirynP erilh aasl saop peaarsTe hdeI nternational
-
firosptpo rtunity.
JournofaTu lr kiSsthu di1e01s,-, 2ed ,.b yM arkKuosl laenrd
Aftaelirlit rs e marktahebavltee in ns eemintgelrym cirniasslue cashs
KemaKla rp(aMta disonC/eWnitsoeefTr. u :r kSitsuhd ies,
thwea wri tRhu ss(i1a76 8-o7rt4 h)re e beltlhibaortno udgohwtn SIeIlIi m
2004):2 25-239... .. . . 233
................. ................ ................. .. . (r1.7 89-1t80hc7eo) n, tirnuuoledfet hOett omdaynn aassto yp,po steotd h at
11." ThOet tomaannds ther oturtoaeftds he Ae d riaitnia c ,"
ofa ni ndivsiudlutwaaalns n orte aaltli ys sBuieo.l ogicalltyh e speaking
collevcotliuvemede i tbeyOd l ivJeernS sc hmi(dttbo e
dynaesntjyo eyxecde ptgioodo fnoarlta usin te nevoeurat l,dt ihesodeu vgehr al
publiisn2h 00e9dT) r ansfloatrth evidos l ubmyte h aeu th.o.r. 249
timtehse rreem aionneladys inmgallere e preseEnvteaintnt i hv1ee8 .3 0s,
whetnh aer mioefMs e hmedA l�ia 'sso inb rah�imh arde acKhiedi tahya
Bibliogr.a.p.h.y. ........................................2...6..7.. ...................
..
inw estAenrna toalpipaa rtehntetw lomy a gnaotnelpsyl antnoed de pose
MahmuIdI( r1.8 08-i3n9f) a vooufhr i yso unsgo nA bdiil1mT ehciisd .
Index 291
.................... ...................................... ...................... ..
contionfdu yintayrs utliiesci ni tsreelmfa rkiaafbs hl aess:o metbeiemne s
claitmheEedm pihraeod n lbeye na p roduocfwt a arn d sttaogr oft reodm
critsoic sr isis ownacrens ol tohnegseer ibnrm oaujgohrt tbhoeointt y ,
surely wcooulllda ohpnoas nveoeedft heocscea sions.
Yento s ucthh ing evere vhetanhp opeuingncedh e, r tsaiitnu atthieo ns
Ottomsaonl dierya sm purcaohl v ieadb aisal nia tsys- eatsh appendeudr ing
thwea orf 1 768-7w4h emna nayr mcyo rwpesrn eof te adn bdr uteaxllpyl oited
thcei vipolpiualna ttihoenri,en btye nstihffeyood i cnrgi asnicdsa using the
disaffoecfpt rieovni loouyssalulyb j2eT chtesr.eifitosw r oer patyhi ncgl oser
attenttoti hmoeecn h aniosflm esg itimdiezvaibtsyite ohdsne u ltvainz'ise rs
anodt haedrm inisAtfrtaetirowt ra sbs.y m eanofsl egitiamcitziivnigt ies,
all
AfaLfutf ia i-SayMyairds oEtg,y pitnt hRee igonfM uhammad Ali(C ambriCdagmeb:r idge
U21n iversPreisst,y 1 984p)p2., 2 4-25. 2007),
VirgiAnkisaa Ontt,o man War1s 700-1870 (LondNoenw,Y orkL:o ngmaPne arson,
pp1. 481,4 197,6.
8 ANOTHERM I R R O RF ORP RICNES I NTRODUCTION 9
imagaensdd iscosuurrsreosu tnhdOeit ntgo mraunlt ehran tu merous jetniahmsem igbhetl itecrraeraytt iobo ean psp recbiyca otgendo sicne nti
inhabiotfta hnsetu sl traenaslb'mo ,tM hu slimsn ona-nMdu swleirmes
foriegnc hancaenrtdih esusts,r t ehstashtO e t tocmoaunhr atfd u lalsys imilated
convitnhctaehtdce o ntirnuuloeeftd h dey naosfOt sym awna st ot heir
thcel ascsuilctaoulfIr rea niabne-lslletesyt tlBreue ost.n a m ordeo wn-to­
benefaintpd,e rheavpesn fanonfaed di vppailrnateSn t.u dymiecnhga nisms
earltehvt ehle,f etishtnraetmsheposeswed e orft hseu lwthawona psr ojected
ofl egitimiinzvaotalinvao ennsa loyfst himesa nnienwr h itchhse u ltan's asar ulseurp porbtyGoded inh iesn deatvoeo xuprastn hrdee aolfIm s l1a m.
powewra psroj ecteadnh,do twh eismea gwese rree cebiyov redd isnuabrjye cts,
Imptllifyect iihnapmreso multghamete esdst ahgaae t r uwlheowr a ntteod
officei-nht ohclead peairntsgda r la nidnte hepesr ovibnucatel sbs,yof oreign
avohiiodsw n doawnntdfh adele ls troufhc itriseo anwl amws e lald vised to
rulers.
yiebelfdo irctea mteoa m ilictoanrfyr oLnetgaittiiomnai.nz da twihoant may
Thedsief faeurdeinentneed c teobes e valusaetparaetdef loyiri:t ss u rely
be regaarstd heoedp posite,i nntaimmeibldytya h tteih oroneff a otr mcieg ht
unreatloai ssstuitmche aa v ti llfargotemhrp e r ovoifnC creeo trKe a raman
thbeu ss erbvyeo dna en tdh sea mseeo tft exts.
hatdh sea mpeer ceptofiw ohnamsta daes ulatl aeng itriumlaaesatrc e o urtier
Int hree alomfEs u roperaunl tehrpesr inptrienhsgasa d s ignificant
orj uddgeepe ndointn hgge ood wiolflt hseo verfeohirigc sna r1eA emro.ng
roilne' platchisenu gl otnat nhm ea pb yf orocfae r msf'o:r ailntr heea dy
ordinary subajnnedoc nt-sM uMmsuilsgilehmixtsmp srw eisdsed liyv ergent
sixtceeennttauhl r ayrn,gu em beorfe phemneerwasls wheerepetr si nttheadt
vieawnstd;h sea mteh ing taoop rpdliisneuadbr jyoe nct thosen hea nadn d
spremaodro erl efsisc tionalized accocnoquuncetossmt psol,fe teO ttoman
membeorfts he el iotnte h oet hTehru.ts hs ee venteenptrhi-Pecaseptna t ury
witrhe al, saenmcdi o-mrpelaeiltm ealgyi' naatrryso tcoirtiWyeh sia'l .e2
SynadoifSn eorsrew sh,o warsaoc toen temapoboruattrhb yer urteaplr ession
deniozfce enn tEruarlow poeu nlodat g rweiett hhv ei eewx pounidnte hde
underbtayMk uernaI dV( r1.6 23-40a)p proovfte hde asceto sfv iolence fetihnamneasm,et lhyta htee x panosfti horene aolfIm s lwaamas cause for
becauseT u'rtkihsnoe' t her twhloeor cMdausls lwiimtwsh h otmh wer iter's
rejoihcemi inghghe,tai rnc hu-rcahn tda qkuei steer i-outshalery gument
relaptrieosnusmw aebrolefy tt eenn wseert,ee rribfiyne udm ereoxuesc utions
thattht er iumopfth hse swuelrtaeap nusn ishfmoetrnh stei nosft he
'ouotft hbel u.2eE 'v idePnatpSlayy n addiinndoo stt h itnhkha tio sw n
Christians.
communitcyo mmuein gdthehtrr One attho.et hhearnE dv lCieyla(e 1b6i1 1- Divipnuen ishhmoewnetvu,en rp lecaesratnatwi anspl ayro tft he
aft1e68r3 a)f ,o rmpeargo efM urad IVw emw ihgochmat al po ll iticallym annienwr h iGcohd o rgantihzaeef df aoifhr usm ankainnvddi ;e wing
inacmteimvbeeor ft hOet tomand inedol dtie tnoeyrc, ri titchivezi eo loefn ce
Ottomsaunc ceisnts helisis g whatas l egitimoifsz oartWtieso .n t hus
are
somoeft hseu ltmaeans'usrB eusEt.v lailywsaro o atl ee ngthyo fta hcec ount
confrwointtahpe adr awdhoixtl;he ee p hemeral knneowwasnsst hheee ts
jokaenshd o rseipnwl haiyMc uhr IadVe ngawgiethdhi i sn ti-mpeartheasp s
'Turwceircame'ea nttoe n courresaigseta agnacitenhs seut l stoalni,dw airitthy
becauhsete h outghhhatetn eedetdos hotwh tahtre e iogfhn i hse ron ohta d
hivsi ctainmsdsu bjecttoli ocoapnlr inacste hosen lpoys si'bdleef eonfd ers'
3
all been gbolroode .and
thesiurb jtehcteasyl, ss op reaabdr otahndeo titohtnah tae d vaonftc eh e
Att hsea mtei mfeo,r eriuglnae lrsso migahtd drbeeos fst ehees
Ottomwaansps a rotfG od'msy sterwiaoyCuses.r tatihniflsoy r omf
messatghleaestg ittihmei zsedu alpo twaenr Mfauussl l riumlw ehro vsiee ws
legitimhiazda btneioeoftnno reasnemdeu nc lhe pslsa nbnyee di tthheer
hinse ighdboiusrrse gaattrh deoeiwdrpen r il.m eSsuscawhge erssee onutit n sultoarn sto hpepoinre nts.
av arioefwt ayyd se,pe ndointn hgpoe l itciocnajlu nocftt htueir meae nstd h e
vieowfst hseu ltaannvdsi ziienqr use stAi coonn.q uweassct e lebrated
bys endoiulntig t etreaxdrteyss crtihbseiu nlgtar nec'esan cth ievtehmeesnet :
ImagoefsO ttomraunl seu:l tamnuinci ficaenndcc hea rity
IT her ecenPth D dissertaotfAi onnn emaSrtriekmeme laJaurs,t iacnedR evenignet he Increcaosnitnbagec ttws'e setn rahiigshttod're iaalnwisin ttghh e
Rebelloif1o 7n0 (3L eidenn.:p 2.,� )d e�sw itth hqeu estioofhn o wM ustafIaIl ost Ottowmoarnal ndtd h eciorl lecaognuceeswrn ietadhr tiascttiicvh iatviee s
Olettgoimant imiantc hyee yeosf h isIs tanabnudlE dmet subJects.
2 madfeoa rc leaurnedre rsotfat nhfadeci ttnh gta htse u ltdainndos jt u ruslt-e
[PapSay nadinoofsS erresC)o,n seieltms e moirdeesS ynadipnroest dreeS err�s en
Macedo(iXnVeI I's i�cedl.e,t)r ,a nslaantdeco d! llmentbe�Pd aO_?dorilco:?,' i tSh.A sdrachas,
T. tassKi.sK, o stis S.P etm�za(sP arAisss:oc .t abPieorrneB eto,n1 996),p .9 5.
3E Karanasvli�yeal ebbi O ervi§M eandh emmeZdt llEiv,l iy�ael ebSie� y s,i! opkaptSa raytBaldat 1C laiNroer toinsp reparai nsgt uodftyh esed ocuments.
304 YazmasmmTrans kripsyon-uD izivnoil1,., ed .b yO rban �Groukky aya ndY UceDla #h 2� I GolloeDri,e e urop(iiscThiei_nr �enddre�sX. VckIJe.a h rhund3e vrotlss(,.B ucarest,
(Ista.Ynabpu1Kl r:e dYia ymlan1,99 5),pp .99 -104. Baden-BadEedni:t uArcadae mtee•ta lu1,96 1-7se1e) f.o erx amplveo Il,p.p .13 8-39.
Berh, o
10 ANOTHER MIRROR FOR PRINCES
INTRODUCTION II
ori nl atpeerri odsp,r esiodvee arg overning appdaormaitnuastb eydo therIsn.
Chronicwleersea nothmeera nso fl egitimitzhieOn tgt omarnu leIrt.
additiowna sii mtpo rtatnotp reseanc te rtaiimna gea,n dv iziearnsdh eadosf
wasa c onventtioobe ng ins uchw orkwsi tthh ep raiosfeG od andt heP rophet
chancetrooyk a h andi np roducinigto re lsceo mmissioanretdi asntdsw riters
Muhammad,a ndt oc onclutdheei ntroducstecotriyow ni tah l audatoifot nh e
tod os oi nt heistre aIdn.o ther wionrs dpsi toefi tesx ponential girontw hteh
reignisnugl taWnh.e nc ampaigns were dtehsecrr uilbedem ri ghbet accorded
nineteeanntdh twentieth centurpireospa ga'nidmtaph'er roiuatgleh x tasn d thet itolfe' warrifoorrt hef ait(hg' azailt)h ouhgehh adn otn ecessarily
visumaela nsw asn o.tunknowinn t hee arlmyod em period;a ndt heO ttoman
participaitnpee rds on, muchd ilreescstt heedc ampaignt;h eh istorwireist ten
sultaennsg agedi ni ta sd idt hecioru nterpianor tthsec ru ltures. int her eigonfM uradI I(Ir 1.5 74-m9a5y)be citeadsa casien po intE.v eni f
Ift hisst atoefa ffaihrasso nlyb eenu nderstqooudi te recoennet ly,
ani ncidweanstd iscustsheadwt a sh ighldye trimetnott ahlep restoifgt eh e
reasoinss uretlhya fte wh istoroifat nhseO ttomawno rlhda vea ttempttedo dynastsyu,c ah st hem urdeorfO smanI I( r1. 618-i2tw2 a)spo ssibtloef ocus
linekt hnoltoogt yh es tudoyfpo litiAcnso.t herreas onw hyp ublciecr emonial on the eavdivli soorfst hei nexperiernucleedr thatb ec doeucllda red
hasl ongb eenn eglecitsemd u chm oret rivitahleI: s tanbaurlc hivoefts h e responsifboltreh idsi stresesviennIgt .
PrimMei nistaelrw,a yosu rp rincirpeaslo urcen,o tv erryi cihn d ocuments
are Bothpoe ts andc hroniwcrliet ewresr er ewardseodm,e timweist shu ms
concernisnugl tanriecc eptifoensst,i vaintdip easr adPerse.s umatbhlery e levant
ofm oneya nds ometimweist ahp pointmetnoat n o ffitchea mti ghto-rm ight
sources are still ihnit dhdepe anl aacawera cyh ivwehsi,c hh aveb een
not-provitdheeh oldweir tahr espectalbilvee lihoIodth. a2sbe en suggested
catalogauneddm adea ccessiobnlleyt oa veryl imiteexdt enAts. a result
thaitnt hem id-sixteceenntthu trhye,r wea sa c risoifps a tronafgoewr; e f inad
Ottomanihsatvset endetdoc oncentornaq tuee stioofni sm perimaaln agement,
sizeable noufmc boemrp laitnott sh ee ffetchta lti terary neofl foonrgtesr
financaensdm ostr ecently waasrw fealrales ,t hee conomiacc tivitthiaets
obtaintehdea ccustomreedw ardHso.w evetrh amta y wellh aveb eena n
underwristtea tfeo rmatiBoyn .c ontratshte yh avet akean longt ime illusifoonrw; hilteh es alaritehsa Mtu radI I( r.1 421-w5i1t hs ome
understantdhiein mgpo rtanocfep ubliimca gerEyv.e ns oo vetrh el asfte w
interruphtaidoan sss)i gnteold i terfairgyu rweist hopuutb loifcf ice wfearcet in
yearsso mer elevpoainntt hsa vebe enm ade.
discontibnyut ehdeg ranvdi ziReiri stPa§eam, ther uler''psr ipvuyr sea'n d
Now that schoilnatrelriyen sn ta rratsiovuer c-esl ong regaarsd ed surpluisnet sh eb udgeotfsp ioufso undat(iovnalajss) c ontintuoebe d used for
secondairnyc omparistootn h ea rchiv-esh asr esumehdi,s torihaanvse
thespeu rposesH.o3w evetrh erwee rep robablmyo rel itermaernya waiting
shownho wc hronicalcecso,u notfis n divicadmupaali gnasn da lspoeot ry could
prefermtehnaten v enth eex pandibnugr eaucrcaocuyla dcco mmodatea nds uch
serve veahsi clfeosrs ultalneigci timizIantt ihoiensn. t erptrhiesk ee yf eature
peoplem ighbte v ocailn e xpresstihnegi r disappoTihnets mteonrtoy f
wasp atronaAgset .h erwea sn oc opyrigahutt,h oarnsdpoe ts dependeodn t he MustaAflai ( 1546010-)1w hosset rateegrirco rs prevented him from achieving
munificeonfac paet rona nd the dmeossitr aobfla elp lr otecwtaorsts h er uler hicsh erisghoeda olf beco ming theh eado ft hes ultacnh'asn ce(rnyi §anmayc l)
himself.a uOtnheoe rv enw ents of ara st os ayt haittw ast hew ortohf t he
servaes a draemxaatmipclh ei:tas leosf ' Ottomdaenc lirneev'e rberdaotwen to
patrotnh adte termitnhedev aluoef t hel iterwaorrykd edicattoeh di m.T1h us thper esednaty4 .
whenh ighleys teempoeedt ryw asr ecitoerdc ollecitnes dpe ciavlo lumes Int hes ixteecnetnht uirtwy a sc ommonp racttioc e rewwarridt ebrys
(divanitsw )a sr arteo nhoeta orr r eaadt l eaasc to uploeft extths aptr aistehde appointtihnegm a ss cribesp itoouf so undatioorng si,v intgh emw hat
curresnutl taEnv.e ni fa viziwears t hea ctupaalt rotnh el attoewre dh is
amounttedo s inecufruensd ebdys urpluisnet sh eb udgeotfss ucfho undations
posititootn h es overeaingdnt heO ttomarnu lewra st huisn diregcltolryi fied. (zevaidA- hroemra)r.k aebxlaem ploef ' creative accionut nhtegi rnega't
Quitae f ews ultamnosr eovwerro tree spectvaebrlseea sn dh adt heiwro rks Istanfbouuln datoifoS nu ltSaini leytmhaenM agnific(er1n.t5 20-t6h6a)t has
inscriobedn t hem onumentthse y sponsao frienedex: a mplset ielxlt ainstt he recentbleye nb rougthotl igahntd t ookp lacient hel at1e5 00sm,a yw elhla ve
fountaoifAn h medI I(Ir 1.7 03-i3n0f )ro notft hee ntrantcote h eT opkapt
palace.2
GabriPeilr berg,A nO ttomTarna geHdiys,t oarnydH istorioagtrP alpa(hyBy e rkelLeoys,
�1n gelUenstei:v ersiCtayl iofofPrrn ieas s2,00 3)p .1 21.
2OIoH H Jaault-iilBlcna ea2t l00tcA3Sa,ty)i pkn,r.H48,iu a rl.Pk eOlaa Krnnao drn Pa.at teerkdies mA.o,Bn feysa mlve eSl DaeyenlvSaOeluytz eu .e!fit rs.- f!'liAbn� meidlredn 'ecE_e yll(peeIum saet. a nbul: 34flC onnalrnaceltlS$ckHlaatk., iiA ilei, rre l PP ieaas ttcrrhBppoeourn.n.54r ,, 0 7e ..a ucraItn tellecitntu haOelt tomEamnp ire,H istorian
AhmeDde vr/is tMb�ueli mel(e1r7i0 3-(1I730)s tanbiuslt:a nBbuuyli lqeBheul ed1y1e99s5Il)•l... Musta/fi Ali (154601)0- (1PrincetoPriandnn :c etoUnn iverPrsietssy,1 986)p,p2 .0 2-The.08
12 ANOTHER MIRROR FOR PRINCES INTRODUCTION 13
beeni ntendtedoc oveurp a deficaintdt herepbryo tetchtse alaroifepe so ple
genericaalslH ya tuni(ybeel ongitnog' thLaed y')w hilteh ec haritoifte hso se
whow erer eceiving ogftr haintsty spe1 .
royalw omenw hoses onsa ctuabelclaym es ultawnesr ec all'edo ft heV alide
Butw hena lwla ss aiadn dd onet,h ea ppointmeonftz se vaidw-ehroe ra
Sultaonr'q ueemno theWre. mayt herefroergea rtdh espei oufso undations
marginfauln ctioofn p ioufso undatioonthse;r aspectfsa rmw oerree
almsota se xtensiooftn hso ssepo nsorebdyt her uletrhse mselvPersi.n cesses
signifiScuacnht .f oundawteiroesn usp posendo t otnolf ya cilitthaet ee ntry of
byc ontruassuta lhlaydt heicrh aritfaobulned aticoanlsla efdt tehre peirrs onal
ad ead ruilnetrparo a diseb uta lsdou ringl ihfies- tdiemmeo,n sthriavtsie r tues,
nameasn dn ott hetiirt lYeests. o metimtehse aicrt iviitnti heefis e lod fc harity
especialhliysp i etayn dc hariotyn;t hiiss super esenth-idsatyo rcioanncse rned
mayw elhla vebe ens ubsumedu ndetrh en ameosf t heviirz iheurs bands. Thus
witlhe gitimizaantdmi aonny m emberso ft heO ttomaenl iptreo bablwye rei n
ino new ayo rt heo thetrh ec haritoifre osy awlo mene xtendtehdes copeo ft he
agreemeMnotr.e ovSetri leymtahneM agnificweansst u fficideenvtoltyte od
sultacno'nsc ernf ort hew ell-beoifnh gi ss ubjecptasr,t icutlhaerM luys lims
thes piritwueallf aorfeh is wiHfiei rrem/Roxtehlaahtne aa llowehde rt o
amongt hem.
establmiasjho r charfiotuanbdlaet iionhn esro wnn amei;n r etutrhne a uthor
ofH iirrSeuml tafno'usn datdiocounm enlta vishfeudl sopmrea iosnet her uler
forh ism unifice2n ce. ImagoefOs t tomraunl teh:se u ltaansus p holdofej russ tandi cIes lamilca w
Nord idt hep ractoifcb eu ildimnogs quessc,h oollsi,b raraiqeuse,d ucts
ando thepru bliuct ilicteiaessie n t hee ighteecnetnht urwyh,e nt heE mpire
An importealnetm einnt tchoen glomeroafmt oet iftsh amta deu p the
wasu ndeprr essuarnedd isposabilnec ombeec ames mallIetir s.w ortnho ting
royailm agew as thoafta justr ulearc cessitbolt eh ec omplaionfth si s
thaatf te1r7 03w,h enA hmedI IhIa db eeno bligteodr etutrno I stanabfutle r
subjecetvse,na nde speciailftl hye d amageha db eenc ausebdy h iso wn
thec ourmta inlhya dr esidiendE dirnef ora bouth alaf c entumroys,ts ultans I
officiaNlusm.e rouosf fice-hollodsetthr esi pors itioanfst earc cusatioofn s
whol iveldo negn ougeha chb uila ts izeabmloes quceo mpleaxn,d s omeo f
havinogp press'edt hpoeo r'h adb eena cceptaesdj ustifaidemdi;t teodtlhye r
theivri zieartls e asotr dertehde c onstrucotfil oinb rarainedts h eological
sucohp pressroermsa iniendpo sitioann,dt herael waywsa sa c ertadiins tance
schoolWsh.e na d estructive eabrrtohuqgduhoatwk nethe Fatimho squaen d betweecnl aimasn dr ealiPteyr.h aptsh em ostd ramatciacs eo fa sultan
them ausoleoufmt hirsu leberg,i nniingn1 76t7h eb uildiwnegrser eplaciedn
assumitnhge r oloef ' protecotft ohre po or'w ast haotf M uradl llw:h en
thes tyloeft het ime3s .
complaianctcsu mulattheda t loocaflf ice-houlsdeedr sti hnesiprect iocnu mtax ­
Thes tudoyf O ttoman legitibmyi fzeamtiinoisnsc th olaarlss hoa s collec(tidnegv tioru)rts oe xtralcatr gseu mso fm oneyf romh aplevsisl lagers
focusedo nv aklOjst.t omapnr incesasneds otrhoeyra wlo menh adbe en
thes ultpearnm ittleocda lpe asanmti littioac sh asteh esoef ficiaawlasya nd
responsifbolers uchc haritfireosmt hei nceptoifot nh epr incipailnti htey
summarilpyr ohibittheedd e virT.h2i sm easurper oveds ucahn i mpedimentt o
fourteecnetnht urbyu;t o nlyf romt hem idI-5 00si st hereen ough
taxc ollecttihoanit t w ass oona brogataeldt,h ouagghg rievveidl lagers
documentatiaovna ilafbolrec omprehenssitvued ieIsn. 4t shiex teeanntdh
continuteoid n vokietf ora whilleo ngeWrh.o knowspe,r haptsh es ultan
seventeecnetnht uraipepsa renrtolyyaw lo menc ouladc quiartle e assytm bolic
wheni ssuihnigsc ommanadl ready mowraeso rl ess awoaftr hee fact that it
visibitlhirtoyu gh fpoiuonudsa toinolnaysf thearv inpasgsed thec hild-bearing
woulbed diffitcoue lntf orcieft; h awta st he casmea ywv ei ewh iso rdears
stagEev.e nt hetnh ef oundatiooftn hsem otheorfsp rincweesr eo fteknn own
parotf a ni mage-makcianmgpa igna,n a ttemptto r einfotrhcese t ay-at-home
sultasnh'ask elne gitimbaycs yh owinhgi mt obe aj usrtu lewrh op rotected
uIn KpauybhlaniO srmhbaeanyud", sT chreMiI apam gt nmo.i fsitgce Sranittie lfetuyoltm haeanO uiwtyehedo f aor Dr se hbat�n onth gh1 �Bfs ui tncd�manewgrts� tt hhm eeG. r ocer," hissu bjefcrtosmt huen reasonable odfeh miaosn wdnso ffice-holders.
2A my SingeCro,n striuncgOt ttomaBnen efiecnceA:n I mperiSaolu Kpi tcheinn J erusalem
(AlbanNYy: SUNY Press2,00 2),
p. 66.
3T UiayA rtan",A rt anadrc h.tiecturie�,T "h eC a'!'bridHgie� soryo f'f!.lrk1e•v ol3. ,T heLa ter
OttomaEnm pireed .b y SuratyFaa roqh(1C ambndgeC:a mbndgeU ntversPtrteys s2,006 ),p .
476.
(e4LeWdAo Os.lmlbli ebaeykn ULonPBy iePSa,:sitUa BerNYtsec "r",ceWPresoG k,oasne mn,naanded dgN2n easei a00rSk nPa0 ke)dKitrolSp, e epfns pdx.5-dr ou r3iefa(eeA-Psnl H rre 6tacoma8hp�t.inrite id�eott:nacyInn i rt sO nvutlTa rtuareoUrmd mSnki arecnRv:roci oe•n.yrW i asoPl1Wemr etodseneyms.Di, te . 1nn F9 'iat7sMPih 8aurpetecs)prh l,.2soiRi nWlu4ma,odg� •gr g5me ldl� ;, -e, s 0Lef1oMgS992#uiu)rstr,atiafa1 miyFfa-FAyaaatak3a k(iroqd 9Uoh1al.nig5t, ,C"e71 eP96s0loi3-ld,)ii1 lpJ,t.sf6oiA1 y 5ccu5aa0trn0lina)l ofv(l"afifa t1 rt m.h5tyoEce 5 n o0Ognot -mt/(oicA6mandn a0 Tkn3aaSoc rx)ialaAp :nak yHaeairrnsaOsd tn t iohovrefte y hrPro seObir lOtieinoeemlfstv SXX i,euXI T laVtr t.ainc h
14 ANOTHER MIRROR FOR PRINCES
INTRODUCT ION 15
Ina broadpeerrs pectiav fe ormutlhaa ftr equenrtelcyu irnsO ttoman
ownero ft hea rabllaen disnh isr ealamv ,i ewt hahta dn otbe en helbdy e arly
documentfsi tisn to tshaem ep attertnh:e o fficiraelcse ivitnhge se Islmaicj uri.1s ts
communicatwieornews a rnetdh adte laydsu et os lotahn dn eglebcutt,m ore
A similaamrb iguiwtays a ppareinntt heb ehaviooufre ighteenth-
particubelcaarulsyoe f c orruptwioounl rde suilnte xemplapruyn ishmeInnt .
centyu srultatnosw artdhse r eligicouumsl egaels tablishomfte hnetit ri me.
certacians ehso weveorf fice-hoalldseowr esr eg ivenno ticteh aotv er­
On theo neh ands ultacnosn venmeeedt ingosf l earned mena ndl istetnoe d
zealouswnoeuslsbed counted agtahienmas swt e lln,a melwyh ens upposedly
thediirs cusswiiotnrhse specatn dpe rhapcosm prehensiAo hni.s tortihaahasnt
executoifnfgi ccioamlm andtsh,e mya dei nnocenpeotp le suffeWre. a ret hus stueddit hesmeee tinghsa sd escritbehde ma sa t heologsicchaoollo rm edrese
once agcaoinnf ronwtietdha legitimidziisncgo urisnw eh icht hes ultan whossee ssiownesr eh elidn t hep ala2cB eu.ta st hes ameh istortiealnul ssi, n
rhetoridciasltlayn hciemds elf hfirsoo fmfi ciawlhsow eren ota ssumetdobe the1 700st hepo ssibiliftoirme esm berso fa ll ba ufte wf amiliaensd their
virtuomuesnb uta tl eapostte ntiaboltlhyc orruapntdu njust. hangerst-oom na keh igh-lecvaerle ers as jutdegaecsh eiarntns hd e ological
Of coursaes cepticcoanlt emporaorbys ervmeirg hats kw hyt hes ultan collegweesr es ubstantrieadlulcyeda ;n dt her easofno rt hissc aling-down of
didn otf inhdi mseslefr vitoofar sh ighemro racla libarned;a ni ndependent
carepeors sibilwiatsti heesc onceornf t hes ultatnhsaj tu ricstusmr eligious
minds ucha sM ustafAal lf aultSeudl taMnu radI IfIo rt hirse asoanm ong
scholanrostu ndedri repcatl acceo ntrmoilg hmta kec ommonc auswei th
othersB.u'tt heMnu stafAal iw asa ne xceptiopnearls oann;d i ne veryday rebelsh,a dah sa ppeneidn 1 7033. Furthermotrhee e iing hteecnetnht utrhye
practtihciels e gitimisztiannsgce ee ms to havei tpssu errpovseqedu itwee ll.
sultasnesr iouisnltye rfweirtethdh er evenuoefps i oufso undatiaostn hse,hy a d
Justiacned g ood governmendti dn otd epenodn ther eligiooftn h e
begutno d oa lreaidnyt he1 600s,a lthoutghhe sien stituwteiroesn asc rosanct
sovereign; andO tteodmuacnakstn eedw tthhaewt i skei ngosfa ncieInrta onr
ifv iewefdr omt hes tandpoionfIt s lamliacw .T4h ust hee stablishomfse tnatt e
theM ongol rultehrisls a otftc eoru ntdruyr intgh et hirteceenntthu wreyr en o controovle vra kifrevebnyuM eash mudI Iw asb yn om eanasn u nprecedented
adhereonftI ss lamy:et tfhoer mehra dbe comee xemplaorfvs i rtauned t he
move,b utr ather opfat rhteh untf ore xtra revenues tbheehg iugnh lbyy
lattheardm anagetdo d efetahte M usliSme ljuokfsA natolainadb uiladn �eriat-conssuclitoaounfsts h ee ighteecnetnht ury.
empire that enduregde nfeorra tsiAeouvnteshr.oa rls wroinst tiantge craft were
thupsr eparteoad d mitth atth ej ustiocfae n i nfidreull emri ghptr eserhvies
2
reigwnh ilaen u njuMsuts lismu ltmaing hlto shei st hrone. ImagoefOs t tomraunl teh:e clyifceolf et hdey nasty
Buti np ractitcearlm isn t heO ttoman conjtuesrxtut l e meant the
promotioofIn s lamliacw w,h icgha ineads cendaonvceysr u ltanic commands
A sultraunl eodn l-y atm ost- fora sl onags hlei veadn;d t hutsh e
andl ocalc ustomisnt hel onrgu nT.h isd evelopmbeegnatn i nt he1 500sb ut
soldiesepecrisa, lltyh ej anissadreimeasn detdor egulaber lays suroeftd h ef act
gainemdo mentuimn t hsee venteeanntdhe ighteecnetnht urAidemsi.t tetdhley thatth eisro vereiwgans a livaen di ng oodh ealtUhn.t iSlt ileymtahne
sultannesv er abandtohneeirdri ghtc otmom anda ccorditnotg h er uleosf
Magnificmeannta getdo m oreo rl esasbo listhh icsu stom in his later years,
expediencayn d tthrea ditioofnO st tomasnt atesmansPheirph.a ptsh e fora centubertyw een 1453a ndt he1 550tsh es ultan regduilnaeirdnl f yu ll
relationbesthwieepn SiileymtahnMe a gnificeanntdt heh eado fh isre ligious viewo ft hes oldieArty t.h es amet imeb y hwiist hdrawinatlto h eh arem
cuml egaels tablish�meeynhti iliEsbluasmu uEdf endwia se mblemaitnit ch is durihnigs laterS iyielaeryscm,oa nnt inaut ede ndentchyah ta dbe enn oticeable
respecSti:i leymoarnd eredf ohriesm olsetg aelx petrote nsurteh aOtt toman fromt het imeosf M ehmedt heC onquer(orr1. 4 51-81f)o:l lowai trnagd ition
land-holdpiantgt ercnosn formteodI slamriecl igiloauws( �eriaantd )
welkln ownf roAm bbasibdu ta lsBoy zantpianlea lcief teh,er u leerm phasized
promulgaatnee dd ictth aetn shrined Ebfuisnuduidn'Ygses ta. t t hes amet ime higsr andebuyrr etreaftrionmhg i ss ervitaonrdss u bjeacntdsbe cominalg lb ut
thipsr onouncemweansbt a seodn n otiotnhsa tth es ultawna st heu ltimate
1
ColiInm ber,Eb u's-sut'huIeds ,l amic TLergaald i(tEdiionnbu rgEdhi:n burgUhn iversity Press,
1997p)p1.2,2 2- 8.
MadelinZei lf• iA, M edrefsoetr h Pael ace: DynastiLegitimiantt hieEo ing hteenth
Centur"y J,ournoaftl h Aeme ricaOnr ienSOttotoacmanli eCXtyI,I I2.( c1 9931).84 -91.
3M adelinZilfi PoliotfiP cise tyThe, OttomaUlenma int hCel assAigcea( Mli nneapolis:
I BureauancrdIa tn tellpe.2c 96t.ual , :ibliotehI ecas l�Theca .1 988)p.,2 12.
2Fl eischeBru,r eauancrdIa tn tellpe.c tual, ArtiEnsansg,i An1k 7ar5h0,- 1"8WG5isIe0smd"epi nslkce:hm aeMftnastskostll,ee rgsS-hh(Jio1aUpp9hs, 8ru b5fu-r2c8anu2h6dc3 )tM-, o3 n2o.po laym onIgs tanbul
Fleischer, 289.
16 ANOTHER M I RRORF OR PRINCES
INTRODCUTION 17
inaccessAitbo lfef.i cvieanlu ehse w ass erveidns ilentcoae l argeex tenatn,d
ceremoniinat lh ipsa rticiunlsatra nwcaesc onnectteotd h eu nusufaalc tth at
ats ucho ccasiohnesh ,i mself sporkaer ebluEytv. i1d enttlhyir si tualized
thes ulthaand d iewdh ilfea r awfaryo mh isc apitoanlc ,a mpaiignnH ungary;
remotenesse vferroymd aafyf aiirfcs a rriteod extremmiegshm,ta kee ffective
att hes amet imhei �s uccesSseolri ImI( r1. 665-74w)i shetdoh avet hebo dy
governindgi fficsuotl hta,wt e can viewt hipsh enomenaosnt hec orolloafr y
burieidnI stanbTuhli.sd ecisinoenc essitaa ltoendga ndq uiteex ceptional
latsei xteenth-cveinctaurriyor uusl eby palacaen ds tatoef ficiaanlds
funaerryp rocession ctrhoasts tehde e ntiBrael kanasn df inalelnyd eidn
seventeenth-cdeonmtiunrayt ioofn t heO ttomapno litbyy grandee
Istanb,uw lherae m ausolewuams c onstruicntt edh ep recionfcS tt ileyman's
2
households.
greatm osque.
Anotheirs suceo nnectweidt th hes ultainmsa'g aem ongs ubjecantds
Norw eret hea ccessioofOn tst omasnu ltamnasr kedb ya greatd eaolf
foreignbeurtas l,s woi tthh ea ctuaplr,a cticcoanld uocftg overnmenwta st he
publicvliys ibcleer emoniAatl .t htei mew henp rincweesr es tibleli ng
fatoef O ttomapnr incIetsh .a sl onbege n knownb uta recenstt udhya ss hown
educateidnt hep rovinacnedst hes uccessaitlo ena isntp rinciwpalsoe p ent o
inh itheurntsou spectdede tatihlat th e adopotfti hoesn e niorictryi terdiuorni ng
alls urvivsionngs o ft hed eceasreudl etrh,e h eirra cetdo I stanbtuobl e
the1 600s,i no thewro rdtsh es uccessoifot nh eo ldemsetm bero ft her uling
dynastrye,a lly chtahnegme adn neirn w hicht heO ttomaEnm pirwea s enthronaendd r eceitvhee a llegiaonfct eh ep rinciopfafli ce-holtdheirss ;
goveme3dB .utr ealli fwea so net hinagn di mageqruyi taen othCeerr.t aian ly ceremonways h elidn t hep alacceo uratn dt hunso tv isibtlote h es ubje1c ts.
sultwahno c amet ot het hronbyet hel at1e60 0s nol ongkeirl lhedi sb rothers Furthermiotwr aes c onsidearpepdr oprtioah tied teh ed eatho ft hep revious
asp arotf t he' rituoafsl u'c cessyieotnl ;o nga fterwaarnddsa sl ataes t he sultuannt tihlen ewo neh ada scendtehdte h ronieno, r detrop reveanr ta mpage
I7 20s, we finad Safavriudl ewrh o entertaainnO etdt omaanm bassador oft hej anissaarnidoe tsh edri sorders. Hoonwceheve he ard b eenr ecogniazsed
'needlingv'i shiibtsyo por i ntedalsyk ianbogu tt hec urrepnrti ncTehsu.se ven thes ultaSne,l iImI did heinsct aerp itianls tataen, e vent thhaasbt e en
att hilsa tdea tek,i llionfgft h eb rotheofra s n ewly enthronewda sss utlitlaln descriibendd etabiylt heJ ewiswhr itMeory seAnl mosniwnhoo f ormepda rt
parotf t hei magoef O ttomarnu laeta majofro reiMguns licmo urt.
oft hen ews ultaenn'tso urage.2
Contratroty h epr actciucrer einnRt e naissaanncdBe a roque Eurothepe ,
funeroaflO st tomasnu ltabnyst he1 600sw erer athseorbe ra ffaiirnks e,e ping
witthh ev iewt haatd eardu lers'ist uatwiaostn h es amea st haotfa nyd eceased
Dislaypingt hseu ltpaen'rssp oonr:t rahiutnastn,s dp arades
4
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Defin Gelenekelde.b ryJi e,a n·LBoauciqsue -GrammaonndAt k seTli bet2, vol(sA.n kara: 3. sem!inK angaelt eds., SultaPno'rst rPaiictt,u rtihnHego usoef O sma(n Istanbul:
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