Table Of Content

SUBJECT INDEX A genetic modification of plant taxonomy and, 265-66 lipids and, 206, 211-12 Body composition Acetyl coenzyme A, 512 vitamin E, 211-12, 343-53 chromium supplementation and, Acyl carrier protein (ACP), 201, Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) receptor 279, 298 205-6 2, 141-45, 148, 150, 152, animal diets, 286-87 Adeno-associated virus (AAV) 154-55, 158, 162 human diets, 292-96 gene vectors, 515-16 Apoptosis, 546-48, 560 Breastfeeding S-Adenosylhomocystein (SAH) colonic epithelial cell, 546-48 children’s food preferences and, homocysteine metabolism and, Ascorbic acid 44-45, 52 219-27 dietary chromium absorption S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) and, 282 homocysteine metabolism and, Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency, C 219-27 343, 350-53 Adenovirus a-tocopherol transfer protein Calcium recombinant, 511-39 gene defects and, 350-53 prete-‘ive effect against glucose-6-phosphatase and, Atherogenesis colorectal cancer, 545, 524-27, 533-36 dietary fat/carbohydrate ration 561-62 insulin secretion and, and, 332-35 Cancer 518-23 low-density lipoprotein (LDL) colorectal, 545-72 liver cells and, 523-36 modifications and, 123-34 dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio metabolic engineering and, aggregation, 123, 126-31, and, 325-26, 336 511-39 133-34 dietary fat regulation of gene peptide hormone delivery, conversion to expression and, 83 536-38 cholesterol-rich liposomes, incidence Adipose tissue lipolysis, 466-67 123, 132-34 negative correlation with ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolases, glycation, 123, 131, 133-34 amount of selenium in diet, 485, 502-4 immune complex formation, 2, 4, 10-11 mammalian, 503-4 123, 131-34 skin, 10-11 turkey erythrocyte, 502-3 oxidation, 123, 125-26, See also Colorectal cancer ADP-ribosyltransferases 133-34 Carbohydrate metabolism bacterial toxin, 485-88, proteoglycan complex chromium and, 279 497-504 formation, 123, 132-33 Carbohydrate-to-fat ratio chicken, 489-91 reponse-to-retention model of, optimal, 325-39 conserved regions, 497-502 124-25, 133-34 current recommendations, inhibitors of mono-, 496-97 Atherosclerosis 338-39 mammalian, 491-96 dietary fat regulation of gene Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, turkey erythrocyte, 488-89 expression and, 82 463 Aggregation of lipoproteins nonoxidative modifications in Carrier-mediated membrane atherosclerosis and, 123, atherogenesis and, 123-34 transport of folates, 91-116 126-31, 133-34 Atrophic gastritis choroid plexus and, 99 macrophage foam cell gastric carcinoma and, 364 fibroblasts and erythroid cells formation and, 130-31 vitamin B}2 deficiency and, and, 97-98 mechanisms of, 127-30 357, 363-64, 366 folate homeostasis, 114-15 AIDS leukemogenesis and, 114-15 Allometric scaling, 247, 249, L1210 cells and, 97, 101 259-61 B luminal epithelium of small dietary selenium and survival intestine and, 99-100 of, 2, 11 Bioenergetics colonic epithelial cells, 100 Alzheimer’s disease field metabolic rate, 247-70 lysosomes, 100-1 elevated plasma total diet and, 267 mitochondria, 101 homocystein and, 219 habitat and, 266-67 multiplicity, kinetics, and LDL receptor-related protein measuring, 247-49, 259-61, structural specificity, (LRP) and, 141, 157-58 264, 270 93-101 Anti-insulin activity, 437 predicting, 259-63 one-carbon, reduced folate Antioxidants season and, 267 route, 94-116 588 SUBJECT INDEX Casein, 407-10 stressors, 283 colorectal cancer, 545, Cellular retinaldehyde-binding thyroid function and, 284 558-59 protein (CRALBP), 48-49 Cobalamin, 173-91, 357-71 Coronary artery disease Cereal grains deficiency, 357-71 hyperhomocysteinemia and, selenium and, 4-6 atrophic gastritis and, 217, 230-39 Children 363-64 Coronary heart disease, 325, 327, dietary fat consumption, 27 diagnosis, 368-70 332-35 dietary fruit consumption, elderly and, 357, 361-71 dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio 28-29 nervous system disorders and, 332/-35 dietary vegetable consumption, and, 366-67 Crohn’s disease, 190 28-29 pernicious anemia and, Curcumin, 567-69 tood preferences of, 41-58 362-63 Cystathionine, 217, 220 adiposity and, 42-43, 45, treatment, 370-71 Cystathionine B-synthase 57-58 endocytosis deficiency, 217-18, 229 aversions and, 54-56 intrinsic factor—mediated, breastfeeding and, 4445, 52 186-87 food neophobia and, 41, transcobalamin [I—mediated, D 49-53 187-88 genetic predisposition, 41, intrinsic factor (IF) and, Dehydroepiandrosterone, 70 45-49 173-79, 185-91 Deiodinases, 1, 4, 6-9 learned, +1, 54-56 transcobalamin II and, 173-79, Dementia parents’ feeding practices 185-91 elevated plasma total and, 41, 53-54 transport disorders, 188-91 homocysteine and, 219 Cholera toxin, 485 Coenzyme A Diabetes mellitus, Cholesterol homeostasis, 141 acetyl-, 465 non-insulin-dependent Cholesteryl ester loading, 123-25, acyl-, 463, 465, 468 (NIDDM) (type 2), 325, 327, 130-31 malonyl-, 463, 469-8] 335-36, 512-39 Choline, 221 Colonic epithelial cells, 100 dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio Chorionic somatomammotropin, Colorectal cancer and, 335-36 438 apoptosis of colonic epithelial fuel homeostasis and, 511-12, Choroid plexus, 99 cells, 546-48 521, 523 Chromium, 279-98 BAX and, 548 glycerol and, 521 absorption, 281-82 protective agents liver function and, 523-30 ascorbid acid and, 282 calcium, 545, 561-62 glucose-6-phosphate expression nicotinic acid and, 282 caloric restriction, 560-61 and, 524-27, 533-36 bioavailability, 280 conjugated linoleic acid, 545, Dietary behavior body composition and, 279, 558-59 dietary intake and, 17-36 286-87 curcumin, 567-69 prediction of fat consumption cell-mediated immunity and, dietary fiber, 545, 555-58 behavior, 19-23, 26-27 288-89 folate, 569-71 prediction of fruit, juice, and dietary supplementation, inositol, 564-66 vegetable consumption 285-97 inositol phosphates, 564-66 behavior, 17-18, 23-29 animal, 285-89 olive oil, 571 food preferences and, 41-58 glucose intolerance and, quercetin, 569 Dietary fat 289-97 rutin, 569 atherosclerosis and, 82 human, 289-96 selenium, 562-64 cancer and, 83 interactions with iron, 297 squalene, 571 chronic diseases and, 78-84 toxicity, 296-97 sphingomyelin, 559-60 consumption behavior excretion, 283 vitamin D, 545, 561-62 prediction, 17, 19-23, glucose metabolism and, risk factors 26-27 280-81, 284 dietary fat, 549-55 gene expression regulation by, insulin function and, 280-81, heterocylic amines, 541 63-84 283 polyaromatic hydrocarbons, hyperlipidemia and, 81-82 predominant forms, 281 572 Dietary intake, 17-36 proposed mechanism of action, Composite response elements predictors for selection of fats, 284-85 (CoRE), 410-28 17-23, 26-27 low-molecular-weight milk protein gene expression predictors for selection of fruit, Cr-binding substance and, and, 410-28 juice, and vegetables, 285 Congenital homocystinuria, 228 17-18, 23-29 protein metabolism and, 280, Conjugated linoleic acid psychosocial correlates, 17-36 284 protective effect against dependent variables, 33 SUBJECT INDEX 589 genetics, 31-32 oxidation in skeletal muscle, Foam cell formation independent variables, 33-35 463-64, 468-81 macrophage, 123-25, 130-31 Doubly labeled water (DLW) carnitine Folate field metabolic rate palmitoyltransferase and, B)2 deficiency and, 357 measurement with, 463 hyperhomocysteinemia and 247-49, 259, 264, 270 enzymatic regulation, deficiency of, 217, 227-33, 469-71 238-39 exercise and, 463, 475-77 one-carbon, reduced folate E fatty acid transporters, transport system, 91-116 468-69 protective effect against Endocytosis glucose interactions, 477-81 colorectal cancer, 569-71 receptor-mediated malonyl-coenzyme A and, RFC-1 gene, 91-116 cobalamin and, 173-74, 463 Food aversions, 54-56 185-91 pathway, 464-65 Food fortification, 357, 365, LDL receptor family and, regulation of gene expression 370-71 141, 143, 152-53 atherosclerosis and, 82 vitamin B)2 deficiency and, Epidermal growth factor (EGF), bacteria and yeast, 65-66 357, 370-71 142-45 cancer and, 83 Food neophobia, 41, precursor homology, 142-45, exercise and, 463, 475-77 49-53 154 gene transcription, 69 social influence and, 51-53 Erythroid cells, 97-98 hyperlipidemia and, 81-82 Food preferences, 41-58 Exercise mammals, 66-78 adiposity and, 42-43, 45, 57 chromium supplementation and, transporters, 468-69 aversions and, 54-56 292-96 Fatty acids developmental systems fatty acid oxidation and, decreasing oxidation potential perspective, 44-45 475-77 of, 206-7 food neophobia and, 41, 49-53 malonyl-coenzyme A levels genetic modification of, 202-12 genetic predisposition, 41, during, 463 regulating relative amounts 45-49 of stearate and palmitate, learned, 41, 54-56 205-6 obesity and, 41-43 F saturated, 325, 330, 338-39 Food requirements synthesis, 201-2 predicting field metabolic rate Fat palmitoyl—acyl carrier and, 247, 262-64 colorectal cancer and, 545, protein and, 201 Fruit 549-55 trans-, 207-9, 325, 330, 338-39 predicting dietary consumption possible mechanisms of eliminating, 207-9 behaviors, 17-18, 23-26 action in carcinogenesis, unsaturated, 325, 330 554-55 vegetable oils and, 197, 200 types and amounts of fat and, Feeding practices G 551-54 parents’ child- dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio, food preferences and, 41, Gene expression 325-39 53-54 regulation by dietary fat, 63-84 atherosclerosis and, 332-35 Fetal development Gene transfer carcinogenesis and, 325-26, LDL receptor—related protein islets of Langerhans, 511, 513, 336 and, 141, 157-58 520 composition, 330-31 Fiber recombinant adenovirus, current recommendations, protective effect against 511-39 338-39 colorectal cancer, 545, glucose-6-phosphatase and, diabetes mellitus type 2 and, 555-58 533-36 335-36 Fibroblasts, 97-98 insulin secretion and, 518-23 obesity and, 531-32 Field metabolic rate, 247-70 liver cells and, 523-30 osteoporosis and, 327, diet and, 267 peptide hormone delivery, 336-37 habitat and, 266-67 536-38 Fat/carbohydrate ratio measuring transfer in islets cells, 520 optimal allometric scaling, 247, 249, transgenic animals, 450-53, fat composition and, 330-31 259-61 511, 516-17 regional differences, 329-30 doubly labeled water and, Glucokinase, 379-401, 524-30, Fatty acid 247-49, 259, 264, 270 536 availability, 465-68 predicting, 259-63 acute regulation, 393 binding proteins, 66-68 season and, 267 hepatic gene expression, metabolism, 463-81 taxonomy and, 265-66 393-94 590 SUBJECT INDEX Gluconeogenesis, 380-401, 512, Homocysteine Insulin receptor substrate 533-36 control of plasma levels of, signaling pathway Glucose-fatty acid cycle, 232-33 growth hormone signal 463-477-81 metabolism, 217-39 transduction and, 443-44 Glucose metabolism metabolic pathways, 219-21 Integrin chromium and, 280-81, 284, methylation, 217 ADP-ribosylation and, 485 287-92, 298 total, 218 International Conference on Glucose-6-phosphatase, 379-401, Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), Nutrition, 304 511 465-66 Intriisic factor (IF), 173-79, acute regulation, 385-88 adipose tissue lipolysis and, 466 185-91 as diabetes candidate gene, Hydrocortisone, 408, 414, 421-22 cobalamin endocytosis and, 533-36 Hydrogenation, 208 186-87 gene expression of hepatic, Hypercholesterolemia structure, function, and genomic 388-91 low-density lipoprotein receptor organization, 176-79 metabolic engineering and, 511, and, 141, 157 synthesis and regulation, 524, 533-36 Hyperhomocysteinemia 174-75 transport and regulation, 392 coronary artery disease and, Intrinsic factor-cobalamin Glucose tolerance factor, 282 217, 230-39 receptor (IFCR), 173-74 GLUT 2, 379-401, 425 defective homocysteine tissue expression and function, milk protein gene expression transsulfuration and, 179-84 and, 425 224-25 lodine deficiency (IDD) short and long-term regulation, defective synthesis of food fortification against, 385-96 methylenetetrahydrofolate 310-11 Glutathione peroxidases, 1, 4, 6-9, reductase and, 223-24 supplements, 312-14 11-12 folate deficiency and, 217, Iron deficiency (ID) Glycation of low-density 226-33 intervention programs lipoproteins, 123. 131, nutritional causes of, 226-27 food fortification, 309-11 133-34 pathophysiology, 233-38 homestead production, Glycogenesis treatment, 238-39 307-8 liver regulation of, 380-401 vitamin Bj2 deficiency and, plant breeding, 308-9 Glycogenclysis, 380-401 217, 226-31, 238-39 supplements, 312-14 Glycine N-methyltransferase, Hyperlipidemia, 81-82, 141 sustainable programs, 303, chromium supplementation and, 314-20 Growth hormone (GH), 437-53 292 Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) signal transduction, 439-44 dietary fat regulation of gene food fortification, 309-11 binding and receptor expression and, 81-82 food-to-food fortification, dimerization, 440-42 Hypochlorhydria, 357 311-12 GH-releasing hormone and, homestead production, 439 307-8 i insulin receptor substrate plant breeding, 308-9 signaling and, 443-44 supplements, 312-14 Janus kinases and, 440, 442 Inositol Iron homeostasis MAPK signaling pathway protective effect against chromium supplementation and, and, 442-43 colorectal cancer, 564-66 297 protein kinase C signaling Insulin Islets of Langerhans, 511, 513, pathway and, 444 lactation and, 423 518-36 signaling pathways, 440-44 mammary gland development transgenic mice, 450-54 and, 422-24 Growth performance responsiveness J chromium supplementation and, dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio 286 and, 335-36 Janus kinases (JAKs), 420-21, Insulin function 440, 442-43 chromium and, 280-81, growth hormone and, 440, H 283-84, 289-92, 298 442-43 glucose utilization and JAK 2, 44243 Hepatic nuclear factor-4 (HNF4), protein anabolism and, 280 63, 73-75, 80-84 Insulin-like growth factor Heymann nephritis in rats, 141, growth hormone and, 439 L 159 lactation and, 423 Holotranscobalamin I, 365, mammary gland development L1210 cells, 97, 101 370-71 and, 422 a-Lactalbumin, 408 SUBJECT INDEX 591 Lactation, 407-28 fetal development and, 158-59 Metabolism extracellular matrix and, Heymann nephritis and, 159 fatty acid, 463-81 425-28 LDL-R, 141-47, 155-63 exercise and, 463, 475 B-Lactoglobulin, 408, 412 ligands, 142, 146-47, 155-57 growth hormone’s effects, LDL receptor—related protein receptor-binding motifs of, 438-53 (LRP), 141, 150-59 142, 155-57 acute, early insulin-like Alzheimer’s disease and, recognition of multiple, 142, activities, 438 158-59 153-55 late, anti-insulin, fetal development and, 158-59 hypercholesterolemia and, diabatogenic activities, Leukemogenesis, 114-16 141, 157 438-39 Linoleic acid, 206, 208 receptor-mediated endocytosis, transgenic mice, 450-53 Linolenic acid, 208-9 143, 152-53 Methionine, 217, 221, 224 Lipids, 511 regulation of receptor Methylenetetrahydrofolate Lipolysis expression, 160-62 reductase (MTHFR) adipose tissue and, 466-67 VLDL-R, 141, 145, 148-51, defective synthesis of, 223-24, hormone-sensitive lipase 154, 159-60 228 and, 465-66 homocysteine metabolism and, Lipoprotein catalysis, 141 221-23 Lipoproteins M thermolability, 232-33 low-density, 123-34 Michaelis-Menten kinetics, 94 B-very-low-density, 130 Macronutrient ratios Micronutrient malnutrition, See also Low-density atherogenesis and, 303-20 lipoproteins carcinogenesis, 325-26, 336 intervention programs, 303-14 Liver, 379-401, 511, 523-30 diabetes mellitus type 2, 325, food fortification, 309-11 fatty acid oxidation in, 512 327, 335-36 food-to-food fortification, fuel homeostasis and, 523-30 obesity and, 331-32 311-12 gene transfer, 513 thrombogenesis, 332-35 homestead production, glucokinase overexpression Malnutrition 307-8 and, 527-30 micronutrient plant breeding, 308-9 glucose production regulation See Micronutrient malnutrition supplements, 312-14 and, 379-401 Macrophage sustainable programs, 303, glucose-6-phosphatase cholesterol ester loading (foam 314-20 expression and, 533-36 cell formation) and, empowerment, 316-17 Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), 123-25, 130-31 social mobilization and 123-34, 206-9, 334-38 aggregated lipoproteins and, commitment, 317-20 aggregations, 123, 126-31, 130-31 systems approach, 315-16 133-34 Malonyl-coenzyme A, 463, Milk protein binding factor, 412 mechanisms of, 127-30 469-81, 522 Milk protein gene expression sphingomyelinase and, exercise and, 463, 475-77 regulation, 407-28 128-30 fatty acid oxidation and, cell:substratum interactions, atherogenesis and, 124-25, 468-81 425-28 133-34, 334-35 glucose and, 477-81 chromatin structure and, 419-20 response-to-retention model Mammary gland factor, 412 composite response elements of, 124-25, 133-34 Megalin, 141, 151, 159 (CoREs) and, 410-28 conversion to cholesterol-rich Heymann nephritis and, 159 C/EBPs and, 410, 412-28 liposomes, 123, 132-34 Megoblastic anemia glucocorticoid response genetic modification of plant vitamin Bj deficiency and, elements and, 414 lipids and, 206-9 357, 367-68 nuclear factor I (NFI) and, glycation of, 123, 131, 133-34 Metabolic engineering 413-14 proteoglycan complex recombinant adenovirus and, STATS and, 411-28 formation and, 123, 511-39 YY! and, 414-15 132-34 glucose-6-phosphatase as glucose-dependent gene Low-density lipoprotein receptor diabetes candidate gene, transcription, 425 (LDL-R) family, 141-63 533-36 hormonally regulated signal Alzheimer’s disease and, insulin secretion and, 518-23 transduction pathways, 157-58 liver cells and, 523-36 420-21 apolioprotein E receptor 2, peptide hormones delivery, insulin-induced transcription, 141-45, 148, 150 536-38 425 cholesterol homeostasis, 141 Metabolic rate Mitogen-activated protein kinases dietary lipid metabolism and, determinants, 264-68 (MAPKs) 162 predicting, 259-63 growth hormone and, 442-43 592 SUBJECT INDEX Monounsaturated fatty acids dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio (RAP), 150-51, 154, 157-58 (MUFAs), 206-7 and, 337 Reduced-folate transport system Overweight See Carrier-mediated food preferences and, 41-43, membrane transport of N 45, 57-58 folates; One-carbon policy, Xv—xvi reduced-folate transport NFxB, 63, 76-77, 80-84 prevalence, xxii—xvi system; RFC-1 gene Nicotinaminde adenine prevention, xv RFC-1 gene, 91-116 dinucleotide (MAD), cDNA cloning of, 103-5 485-504 expression, 91, 103, 113-14 avian, 488-91, 502-3 P intestinal folate absorption Nicotinic acid and, 113-14 dietary chromium absorption Pernicious anemia genomic organization, 105-8 and, 282 vitamin B)2 deficiency and, mRNA splice variants, 108-11 362-63, 366, 370 mutations, 112-13 Peroxisome proliferator—activated regulation of multiplicity, O receptors (PPAR), 63-65, 111-12 69-84 Rutin, 569 “Obesigenic” food environments, negative regulation of gene 45, 57 expression by, 73-74 Obesity Petroselenic acid, 206 S diabetes and, 325 Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), 47 fat/carbohydrate ratio and, Placental lactogen, 438 Selenium 331-32 Plant lipids, 197-212 and AIDS survival, 2 food preferences and, 41-43, antioxidants, 209-12 deficiency, 2, 8-11 45, 57-58 composition of, 199-201 cancer incidence and, 2, 4, fuel homeostasis and, 511, 523, genetic modification of, 202-12 10-11 533-36 metabolism and genetics, dietary expression of 199-205 responsiveness of glucose-6-phosphatase production of structured, selenoproteins to, 1-14 and, 534 209-11 sources, 4-6 policy, xv—xvi medium-chain triglycerides, protective effect against prevalence, xiii-xvi, 42-43 209-10 colorectal cancer, 562-64 prevention, xv synthesis, 201-2 Selenocysteines, 1-14 Oils, 197-212 Plasmingen activator inhibitor- | deiodinases. 1, 4, 6-9 genetic modification of, 202-12 (PAI-1), 150-51, 155-57 glutathione peroxidases, 1, 4, hydrogenation of Polyunsaturated fatty acids 6-9 eliminating, 208 (PUFAs), 198, 206-7 selenium-dependent expression, U.S. per capita usage, 199 essential long-chain, 208-9 7-8 vegetable, 197-212 Post-trans Golgi trafficking, 185 selenoprotein P, 2, 12-12 world production of major Prolactin, 407-28, 438 selenoprotein W, 1, 12-14 sources of, 198 milk protein gene expression specific occurrence in Oleic acid, 206-7 and, 407, 409-28 proteins, 3 Olive oil, 571 composite response elements tissue-specific regulation, 8 One-carbon, reduced-folate and, 410-28 utilization, 4 transport system, 94-116 hydrocortisone and, 421-22 Selenomethionine, 4-6, 10 biochemistry, 102 6-m-Propylthiauracil, 45, 47 Selenophosphate synthetase, 4 molecular mass determinations Prostanoids Selenoproteins and, 101-2 effects on gene transcription, in brain, 1 RFC-1 gene and 63, 75-77 dietary selenium and, I-14 cDNA cloning of, 103-5 Proteinase catabolism, 141 selenoprotein P, 1, 11-12 expression, 91, 103-16 Pyridoxal-5’-phosphate, 220 selenoprotein W, 1, 12-14 genomic organization and Shingomyelin chromosomal localization, protective effect against 105-8 Q colorectal cancer of, mRNA splice variants, 559-60 108-11 Quercetin, 569 Signal transducers and activators mutations, 112-13 of transcription (STAT), regulation of multiplicity, R 409-28 111-12 Small intestine Osteoporosis, 327, 336-37 Receptor-associated protein luminai epithelium, 99-100 SUBJECT INDEX 593 Snack foods, 53 organ damage, 449-50 hyperhomocysteinemia, 217, Sphingomelinase (SMase), knockout 226-39 128-30 milk protein gene expression, nervous system disorders LDL hydrolysis and, 128, 130 407-28 and, 366-67 Squalene, 571 Triacylglycerols (TAGs) pernicious anemia and, SRE binding proteins, 161 genetic modification of, 362-63 SREPB, 63, 78-84 202-12 treatment, 370-71 Stable isotopes, 463 stuctural (STAGs), 209-11 enterohepatic circulation and, STAT signaling pathway synthesis, 201-2 359-60 growth hormone and, 442 Triacylglycerol, 330 excretion, 360 Sterol-regulatory enhancer 1, 161 Triglyceride—fatty acid cycle, 463, functions, 358 Surface tubules for entry into 467-68, 475 malabsorption of protein-bound, macrophages, 130 Tumor cell growth 357, 363-64 exogenous folate cofactors and, See also Cobalamin 114-16 Vitamin D T Tumorigenesis, 546-49 protective effect against colorectal cancer, 545, “Taste,” 41-49 561-62 Thiazolidinediones, 70-72 Vv Vitamin E, 211-12, 343-53 Thioredoxin reductase, 1, 4, 9-10 ataxia with vitamin E Thrombogenesis Vegetables deficiency, 343, 350-53 dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio predicting dietary consumption homologues, 345 and, 332-35 behavior, 17-18, 23-29 tocopherols, 345 RRR-a-Tocopherol, 343-45, Very-low-density lipoprotein tocotrienols, 345 350-53 receptors (VLDL-R) a-tocopherol transfer protein, a-Tocopherol transfer protein, as candidate for hyperlipidemia 343-53 343-53 gene therapy, 141 gene defects, 350 RRR-a-tocopherol and, 345 in liver vitamin E and, 348-49 Ww function, 349-50 Viral gene transfer, 511-39 ligand specificity, 347 Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) Watanabe heritable purification and cDNA intervention programs hyperlipidemic rabbits, cloning, 346-47 food fortification, 308-9 126 Transcobalamin (TC) II, 173-79, food-to-food fortification, Whey acidic protein, 407 185-91 311-12 “Wisdom of the body,” 42-44 structure, function, and genomic homestead production, World Food Summit 1996, 304 organization, 176-79 307-8 synthesis and regulation, plant breeding, 308-9 X 174-75 sustainable programs, 303, Transcobalamin II receptor 314-20 Xerophthalmia, 307 (TC II-R), 173, 179-85 Vitamin Bg cobalamin endocytosis and, hyperhomocysteinemia and 187-88 deficiency of, 217, 226-31, Y synthesis, processing, and 238-39 trafficking, 184-85 Vitamin B)2 Yeast tissue expression and function, absorption, metabolism, selenium and, 5-6 179-84 storage, 358-59 Yogurt Transgenic animals bioavailability, 360-61 selenium and, 5-6 compared with deficiency, 357-71 adenovirus-mediated gene atrophic gastritis and, delivery, 511, 516-17 363-64 Z Transgenic mice diagnosis, 368-70 growth hormone studies elderly and, 357, 361-71 Zellweger syndrome, 208 altered growth, 447-49 high-dose folate intake and, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, metabolism, 450-53 357 190