Table Of Content

SUBJECT INDEX A Atherosclerotic cardiovascular body composition and, disease 245-47 Acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA), 40, potential of inulin for risk calcium intake and, 180, 186, 189-91, 332-33 reduction of, 117 247, 249 continuous regulation of, 40 collagen gene Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase polymorphisms, 242 (ACC), 332-33 B estrogen receptor gene Acinotobacter calcoaceticus polymorphisms, 241-42 69/V, 43-44 Bacillus subtilis, 42 race and, 245 Acrodermatitis, 3, 442 Bactericidal/permeability vitamin D receptor gene Actinomycin D, 336 increasing protein (BPI), polymorphisms, 243-53 Acylcarnitine, 179, 188-98 298-323 vitamin D supplementation deficiency, 190-98 Benzylamine oxidase, 151 and, 249-SO esters, 56-57 Bifodogenic bacteria y-Butyrobetaine Acyl-coenzyme A, 179-80, 186, inulin-type fructans and, carnitine metabolism in 189-91, 193 124-26 microorganisms and, 39, Acyl-coenzyme A:retinol Bile, 386 41-42, 44-47 acyltransferase (ARAT), Bile salt-dependent retinyl ester Buyrobetaine hydrolase, 262, 270-71 hydrolase (BSDREH), 181-83 Adenylyl cyclase, 354-56 264-66, 268, 272 Adipose tissue Bile salt-independent retiny ester C glucose homeostasis and, hydrolase (BSIREH), 266-79 209, 219-20 Bioavailability glycerol-3-phosphate zinc, 1, 4-6 Calcium-channel function acyltransferase expression calcium-phytate interactions, zine and, 1, 12-15 in, 335 6 Calcium metabolism, 233-53 Adrenocorticotropic hormone casein-gelatin—based diets, osteoporosis and, 233-53 (ACTH), 65 4-6 intestinal calcium Aging soy protein diets, 5—6 absorption, 250-51 osteoporosis and, 233-53 Body composition of livestock, vitamin D receptor vitamin D receptor 63-84 polymorphisms and, 233, polymorphisms and, 233, genetic engineering, 63, 78-84 240, 243-53 240, 243-53 antisense or ribozyme Calcium-phytate interactions AIDS strategies, 81 zinc and, 6 dietary oxidative stress and gene inhibition, 81 cAMP, 343-44, 353-72 pathogenesis of, 93, 108, inducible gene expression, 80 regulation of fatty acid synthase 111 somatic cell engineering, generation and, 343-44 A-kinase anchoring proteins 83-84 regulation of nutritional (AKAPs), 357 target genes, 82 metabolism and energy Angiotensin-converting enzyme, transgenic livestock, 79-80 and, 354 9 growth promotants, 77-78 cAMP response element binding Antioxidants hormone patterns and, 74 protein (CREB), 353-55, carotenoids, 20 nutritional manipulation, 76-77 360-72 Apo-cellular retinol-binding postnatal development, 72-76 binding protein (CBP), 262-65 protein (apoCRBP), 267 prenatal development, 65-72 cAMP response element Apolipoprotein AI regulatory gender and, 72 modulator (CREM), protein-1 (ARP-1), 306, 312 insulin levels and, 72 367-68 Apolipoprotein E, 303, 306 protein accretion rate and, 74 cAMP signaling pathway, 354-72 Apoptosis, 150 Bone-mineral density (BMD), adenylyl cyclases and, 354-56 Ascorbic acid 235-53 phosphatases, 359 glycosides of, 278, 292 genetic association studies, PKA and, 353-59 ATF-1, 368-69 239-53 PKA inhibitors, 358-59 Atherosclerosis age and, 245 transcription factors, 359-72 cholesterol ester transfer protein apolipoprotein E phenotype, AP-2, 269 and, 297, 318-32 242 ATF-1, 368-69 472 SUBJECT INDEX CREB, 360-67 Chicory, 117 vitamin E deficiency and, 93, CRM, 367-68 Cholesterolemia 98 NF-«B, 369 inulin-type fructans and, CREB, see cAMP response nuclear receptors, 370-71 131-32 element binding protein Cancer, 344, 413-32 Cholesteryl ester transfer protein CREB-binding protein (CBP), lipogenic enzyme control (CETP) 362-65 and, 344 atherosclerosis and, 297, Crotonobetaine see also Prostate cancer 318-23 carnitine metabolism in Carbonic anhydrase, 3 gene expression, 301-9 microorganisms and, Carboxyesterases diet and, 302-9 39, 44-47 hydrolysis of retinyl esters endogenous Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and, 259-60, 264-69 hypercholesterolemia and, see CAMP Carnitine 302-9 Cyclic AMP, see cAMP acyl-, 179, 188-98 insulin resistance and, 309-10 Cyclohexamide, 336 biosynthesis, 53, 180-82 mechanism of neutral lipid Cysteinyl-tyrosine (CT), 145, deficiency, 179, 184-88, transfer, 300-1 148-50, 153 190-98 structure, 298-300 nutritional interventions, transgenic mice studies, 303-8, D 197-98 310-12, 318-19 functions, 40-41 Collagen genetic disorders, 179-98 lysyl topa quinone and, 154 Diabetes mellitus, non-insulin homeostasis, 53-57 Colon, 117 dependent (NIDDM, type 2) kidneys and, 53-57 Colostrum, 73 inulin and potential for risk insufficiency, 186-87 Constipation reduction, 117 metabolism, 39-57 potential of inulin for risk lipogenic enzyme control and, bacterial degradation, 47 reduction, 117 344 exercise and, 52-53 Copper, 15-16, 153, 441, transgenic mice studies, in mammals, 46-56 451-56 209-27 in microorganisms, 41-44 deficiency, 153 adipose tissue, 209, 219-20 nutrition, 187-88 ion transport, 441, 451-56 liver, 209, 220-25 transport, 182-88 Copper-containing amine pancreatic B-cells, 207, defects, 179, 184-88 oxidases, 145-67 209-13 defects in, 184-88 cysteinyl-tyrosine (CT), 145, skeletal muscle, 209, 213-19 Carnitine palymitoyltransferase 148-50, 153 Diamine oxidase (DAO), 150-54, (CPT), 179, 189-98 lysyl topa quinone (LTQ), 162-64, 166 Carotenes, 19-33 145-50, 154-55, Diarrhea a-, 20, 25-26 161-67 potential of inulin for risk bioavailability, 25 pyrroloquinoline quinone reduction, 117 B, 20-33 (PQQ), 145-50, Dihyrotestosterone, 419 bioavailability, 25-26 155-67 DNA-binding proteins matrix, 27 topa quinone, 145-54, zinc and, 12 sex and age and, 32 161-67 DNA synthesis Carotenoids, 19-33, 413, diamine oxidase (DAO), zinc and, 7-8, 12 428-29 150-54, 162-64, 166 alcohol intake and, 29-30 monamine oxidases (MAO), E bioavailability and 150-54, 164, 166 bioconversion, 20-33 plasma amine oxidase Ecdysone, 80 matrix and, 27-28 (PAO), 150-54, 164, 166 Enteropathica, 442 methods for determining, semicarbazide-sensitive Escherichia coli, 44, 46-47 21-22 amine oxidase (SSAO), N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM), 335 SLAMENGHI, 22-33 150-54, 164, 166-67 bioconversion to retinol, see also Redox cofactors 19-33 Corticotropin-releasing factor F dietary fat and, 29 (CRF), 65 dietary fiber and, 29 Corynebacterium glutamicum, 42 Fanconi syndrome, 187 prostate cancer risk and, 413, Coxsackievirus pathogenesis Fatty acid biosynthesis, 331-45 428-29 dietary oxidative stress and, 93, fatty acid synthase and, 334 Casein-gelatin—based diets, 4-6 95-100, 108, 110-12 mitochondrial zinc and, 4-6 iron toxicosis and, 99 glycerol-3-phosphate Cellular retinol-binding protein, selenium deficiency and, 93, acetyltransferase (GPAT) 95-97, 100 and, 331, 334 SUBJECT INDEX 473 Fatty acid oxidation Germline transgenesis, 63, Growth differentiation factor-8 mitochondrial carnitine system 78-84 (GDF-8), 69 and, 189-97 Glucagon, 331, 336-38, Growth hormone releasing factor mitochondrial 343-44 (GRF), 65, 71, 79 acylcarnitine-carnitine regulation of fatty acid transgenic augmentation of, 79 translocase and, 192-93 synthase gene and, Fatty acids 343-44 prostate cancer risk and, 413, Glucocorticoids, 65, 331 H 421.-24 Gluconeogenesis Fatty acid synthase (FAS), cAMP and, 354 Haumophilus influenzae, 42 331-45 phosphoenolpyruvate Hemochromatosis, 442 transcriptional regulation of carboxykinase (PEPCK) Hepatitis pathogenesis genes, 331, 334-45 and, 354 dietary oxidative stress and, glucagon and, 336-38, Glucose, 162-63, 207-27, 93, 98 343-44 331-34, 336-44 iron toxicosis and, 98-99 insulin and, 336-43 fatty acid synthase transcription High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Feed-conversion ratio, 64 and, 336-44 297-301, 311-12, 315-17, somatotropin/insulin-like glycerol-3-phosphate 320-21, 323 growth factor and, 64 acyltransferase (GPAT) Hip axis length (HAL), 235 Fermentation transcription and, 336-43 Histaminase, see Diamine oxidase dietary fructans and, 117-38 hexosamine biosynthesis and, Histone acetytransferase (HAT), in vivo, 124-26 217-18 363 large bowel, 123, 126-27 homeostasis, 207-27 Hydrolases, 259, 264-73 products of digestion, 126 insulin-mediated signal bile salt-dependent retinyl ester tecquilla, 119 transduction and, 218-19 hydrolase, 264-66, 268, Fibroblast growth factor (FGFs), ion channel conductance, 213 270, 272 66-69 metabolism bile salt-independent retiny] Fructans, 117-38 transgenic mice studies, ester hydrolase, 266-70, define, 118 207-27 272 as dietary carbohydrate, monoxide glucose disposal, Hyperlipidemia 119-20 217 lipogenic enzyme control and, 344 chemistry, 118 oxidase, 162-63 fermentation, 117-38 phosphorylation, 211-13, health claims and scientific 216-17 I evidence, 133-38 transport, 211, 214-16 large bowel, 123, 126-27 Glucosides, 277-93 Inducible cAMP early repressor glycemia modulation, 129-30 ascorbic acid, 278, 292 (ICER), 368 inulin, 117-38 niacin, 277, 289, 293 Influenza pathogenesis plant sources, 118 pantothenate, 277, 291-92 dietary oxidative stress and, 93, triglyceridemia and, 130-32 pyridoxine, 277 99-100, 108-12 types used in food industry, retinol, 277, 291 gold thioglucose and, 99-100 119-20 riboflavin, 277, 288-89 host immune system and, uremia and, 132 vitamin Bs, 278-88, 293 100-3 see also Inulin vitamin D, 277-78, 290-91 Inulin, 117-38 Glycemia calcium absorption, 128 fructans and modulation of, chicory, 117, 119-21 G 129-30 as dietary carbohydrate, 120-21 Glycerol-3-phosphate classification, 121 Gene therapy, 63, 78-84 acyltransferase (GPAT), sources, 120-21 Genetic engineering 331-45 fermentation livestock body composition and, isoforms of, 335 in large bowel, 123 63, 78-84 transcriptional regulation of in vitro, 123 antisense or ribozyme genes, 331, 334-45 in vivo, 124-26 strategies, 81 glucagon and, 336-38 health claims and scientific gene inhibition, 81 insulin and, 336 evidence, 133-38 inducible gene expression, 80 nutritional and hormonal, potential in risk reduction of somatic cell engineering, 335-38 disease, 117, 134-38 83-84 Glycogen trigylceridemia and, 130-32 target genes, 82 role of cAMP and PKA in types used in food industry, transgenic livestock, breakdown of, 354 119-20 79-80 Gold thioglucose, 99-100 uremia and, 132 474 SUBJECT INDEX Insulin, 331, 336-43 Lipogenesis, 331-45 Monoamine oxidases (MAO), gene regulation and Lipopolysaccaride binding protein 150-54, 164, 166 fatty acid synthase and (LBP), 298-99, 301 Mouse mammary tumor virus glycerol-3-phosphate Liver (MMTV) promoters, 370 acyltransferase, 336-43 chromatin structure of, 341 Mucins, 386 type-2 diabetes and, 209-27 enzymes calalyzing hydrolysis Muscle development adipose tissue, 209, 219-20 of retinyl esters, 259-73 maternal influences, 70-72 glucose homeostasis and, glucose homeostasis and, proliferation and differentiation, 208-27 220-25 66-70 liver, 207, 209, 220-25 alterations in insulin action, somatotropin/insulin-like pancreatic B-cells, 207, 223, 225 growth factor axis and, 209-13, 226-27 hepatic glucose uptake and 63-64 skeletal muscle, 207, 209, output, 220-23 stages, 65 213-19 glycerol-3-phosphate Myocyte-specific resistance acyltransferase expression enhancer-binding factor 2 cholesteryl ester transfer in, 335 (MEF2), 66 protein and, 309-10 Livestock, see Body composition Myogenesis, 65-72 Insulin-like growth factors, 65, of livestock see also Muscle development 67-77 Low-density lipoproteins (LDL), Myogenesis determination factor binding proteins (IGFBPs), 69, 303, 311, 316-17, 322 (MyoD), 66-70 75-77 Lycopene, 26, 28, 428-29 Myoglobinuria body composition and Olestra and reduced plasma exercise-induced, 195 nutritional manipulation, 76 concentrations of, 429 Myostatin, 83 patterns of development, 76 prostate cancer risk reduction I, 65-68 and, 428-29 II, 68 Lysine N transgenic augmentation of, 79 carnitine biosynthesis and, 53 Iron Lysyl oxidate (LO), 155, 159, 166 NADPH, 332 ion transport, 441, 443-51 Lysyl topa quinone (LTQ), Nerve function overload, 98-99 145-50, 154-55, 161-67 zinc and, 1, 10-11 chronic hepatitis and, 98-99 medical and other uses, 161-67 Niacin vitamin E as antidote, 98 glycosides of, 277, 289, 293 Nitrogen cycling, 385-406 M amino acids, 395-406 K bile, 386 Manganese ion transport, 441, cell debris, 386 Keshan disease, 95, 108-9 457-60 digesta, 387-95 Kidneys Melanogenesis, 161 gastrointestinal tissue and, carnitine homeostasis and, Menkes disease (syndrome), 402-6 53-57 153-55, 442 glutathione and, 380 Kinase inducible domain (KID), Metal ion transport, 441-63 mucins, 386 361 copper, 441, 451-56 protein synthesis and, Knockout mice iron, 441, 443-51 386-406 machrophage inflammatory manganese, 441, 457-60 secretions into gut, 386-87 protein la, 104 zinc, 441, 460-63 urea, 386, 393-95 glutathione peroxidase 1, Metalloenzymes Nuclear factors, 353 105-7 zinc and, 11-12 Metallothionein gene zinc and, 80 O L Methionine carnitine biosynthesis and, 53 Obesity Lecithin, 28 Methylamine dehydrogenase diabetes type-2 and, 209 Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (MADH), 149 lipogenic enzyme control and, (LRAT), 262, 271-72 Mitochondrial carnitine system, 344 Lecithyl cholesterol 189-97 Olestra acyltransferase (LCAT), 301, fatty acid oxidation and, reduction of plasma 319 189-97 concentrations of lycopene Levan, 118 mitochondrial and, 429 Lipases acylcarnitine-carnitine Oligofructose, 117 hydrolysis of retinyl esters and, translocase, 192-93 Omega-3 fatty acids, 97-98 259-60, 264, 269-71 deficiency, 193 Osteoporosis, 233-53 SUBJECT INDEX 475 age and, 245 Phosphodiesterases, 350 phosphorylation and activation apolipoprotein E phenotype, Phosphoenolpyruvate of transcription factors by, carboxykinase (PEPCK), 353-73 body composition and, 245-47 334, 337, 342-43, 354 regulation of nutrient collagen gene polymorphisms, cAMP stimulation of gene for, metabolism and, 354 242 354 subunits, 356-58 diet and, 236 gene repression by insulin, Pseudomonas, 42 genetic association studies, 342-43 Pyridosine 239-44 Phospholipid transfer protein glycosides of, 277, 279-88, bone mineral density and, (PLTP), 297-323 293 239-44 gene expression enzymatic hydrolysis, hip axis length and, 235 diet and, 302-9 284-86 low bone mineral density and, endogenous intestinal absorption, 235 hypercholesterolemia and, 283-84 peak bone mass and, 235 302-9 vitamin Bg, 278-88, 293 race and, 236-37 reverse cholesterol transport Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), vitamin D and, 315-17 145-50, 155-67 receptor gene Picornavirus family, 94 as essential nutrient, 157-61 polymorphisms, 243-53 Plasma amine oxidase (PAO), medical and other uses, supplementation, 249-50 150-54, 164, 166 161-67 Oxidation-reduction (redox) Plasma lipid transfer proteins, Pyruvate, 332 cofactors, 145-67 297-323 L-Pyruvate kinase, 334 see also Copper-containing atherosclerosis and, 318-23 amine oxidases cholesterol ester transfer protein Oxidative stress (CETP), 297-323 Q defined, 94 phospholipid transfer protein dietary, 93-112 (PLTP), 286-323 Quinoproteins, 145-67 gold thioglucose and, reverse cholesterol transport as essential nutrients, 99-100 and, 315-17, 321 157-61 host immune system and, Plasma membrane function medical and other uses, 100-3 zinc and, 1, 12-15 161-67 iron overload, 98-99 Polyunsaturated fatty acids selenium deficiency, 93-97, (PUFA), 337-38 R 199 Prebiotics viral infection and, 94-100 inulin-type fructans, 124-26, Reactive oxygen species vitamin E deficiency, 93, 135 influenza pathogenesis and, 97-98 Probiotics 101 inulin-type fructans, 123 Redox cofactors, 145-67 Probucol, 308 see also Copper-containing P Prostate cancer amine oxidases age and, 416 11-cis Retinaldehyde, 260 Pancreatic B-cells, 207-13, demographics, 418 Retinoids, 259, 262 226-27 diet and nutrition and, Retinol, 19-33, 259-73 diabetes type-2 and, 207, 413-32 bioconversion from carotenoids, 209-13, 226-27 endocrine factors, 419 19-33 glucose homeostasis and, family history, 417 alcohol intake and, 29-30 208-13 histopathology, 415-16 dietary fat and, 29 glucose phosphorylation, 211 incidence, 417-18 dietary fiber and, 29 glucose transport, 211 nutritional risk factors, SLAMENGHI, 22-23 ion channel conductance, 421-32 zine and, 31 213 alcohol, 424 glycosides of, 277, 291 Patothenate fatty acids, 421-24 metabolism, 259-73 glycosides of, 277, 291-92 lycopene, 428-29 Retinyl ester hydrolases (REH) Peak bone mass, 235, 245 protein, 421 bile salt-dependent, 264-66, PEPCK, see Phosphoenolpyruvate selenium, 429-30 268, 272 carboxykinase vitamin A, 426-28 bile salt-independent, 266-70, Peroxisome proliferator—activated vitamin D, 430-3! 272 receptor (PPAR), 337 sexual and reproductive factors, Retinyl esters, 259-73, 300 Phosphatases, 359 419 digestion of, 261 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, 68, Protein kinase A (PKA), 353-73 cholesterol ester transfer protein 343 inhibitors, 358-59 and, 300 476 SUBJECT INDEX vitamin A metabolism and, Somatotropin/insulin-like growth medical and other uses, 260-62 factor axis, 64, 74-79 161-67 Reverse cholesterol transport body composition and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), cholesterol ester transfer protein nutritional manipulation of, 65 and, 297, 315-17, 321 74-78 Rhodopsin, 260 patterns of development, U Riboflavin 74-76 glycosides of, 277, 288-89 Somatostatin, 65, 72 Urea, 386, 393-95 RNA enterovirus, 94 Soy protein diets Uremia, 132 RU486, 80 zinc bioavailability in, 5-6 Spermatogenesis, 353 Sterol response element-binding V S proteins, 341 Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 Saccharomyces cerebisiae (V-CAM-1), 369 metal ion transport in, 441-63 T Very low-density lipoprotein Salmonella tryphimurium, 44 (VLDL), 311-12, 318 Scavenger receptor BI, 297, 304, Thyroid hormone, 331 Viral infection pathogenesis 308 Thyroid-stimulating hormone, dietary oxidative stress and, Selenium 358 93-112 prostate cancer risk and, Topa quinone (TPQ), 145-50, gold thioglucose and, 99-100 429-30 161-67 host immune system and, Selenium deficiency uses, 161-67 100-3 oxidative stress and, 93-97, Trace element research, 1~16 iron toxicosis and, 98-99 100, 108-10 zinc and, 1 knockout mice, 103-7 coxsakievirus B3 infection Transforming growth factor-B, 66, selenium deficiency and, and, 93, 95-97, 100 67, 69 93-97, 100 Keshan disease and, 95, Transgenic livestock, 79-84 vitamin E deficiency and, 108-9 Transgenic mice, 81-82, 303-8, 97-98 Semicarbazine-sensitive amine 310-12, 318-19, 209-27 Viral mutation, 93 oxidase (SSAO), 150 bovine a-latalbumin expression Vitamin A Sex hormone binding globulin and, 81 carotinoids and, 19-33 (SHBG), 419-20 cholesterol ester transfer protein hydrolysis of retinyl esters and, Signal transduction gene expression and, 260-73 insulin-mediated, 218-19 303-8, 310-12, 318-19 metabolism and transport, zinc and, 1, 12-15 glucose metabolism studies, 260-62 Signal transduction activating 209-27 prostate cancer risk and, 413, transcriptions (STATs), 363 adipose tissue, 209, 219-20 426-28 Skeletal muscle liver, 207, 209, 220-25 Vitamin Bs glucose homeostasis and, 207, pancreatic B-cells, 207, glycosides of, 278-88, 293 209, 213-19 209-13, 226-27 Vitamin D glucose phosphorylation, skeletal muscle, 207, 209, glycosides of, 277-78, 290-91 216-17 213-19 osteoporosis and, 233, 236 glucose transport, 214-16 Translocase, 179 prostate cancer risk and, 413, hexosamine biosynthetic Transurethral resection of the 430-31 pathway, 217-18 prostate (TURP), 418 Vitamin D receptor insulin-mediated signal Triacylglycerol biosynthesis, polymorphisms transduction, 218-19 331-45 osteoporosis and bone-mineral monoxidative glucose mitochondrial glycerol-3- density, 233, 240, 243-53 disposal, 217 phosphate acyltransferase age and, 245 Sodium dodecy]-sulfate- (GPAT) and, 331, body composition and, polyacrylamide gel 334-45 245-47 electrophoresis, 268 Triglyeridemia calcium intake and, 247, 249 Somatotropin (ST), 63-64, 71-72, inulin-type fructans and, 130 race and, 245 76-79 Trimethylamine vitamin D supplementation IGF-I and, 77-79 carnitine metabolism in and, 249-50 transgenic augmentation of, microorganisms and, as predictor of disease, 252 79 39-44 Vitamin E, 93, 97-98, 110, 156 livestock body composition and 6-N-Trimethyllysine, 181-82 deficiency, 93, 97-98, 110 nutritional manipulation of, Tryptophan tryptophylquinone iron overload and, 98 76-78 (TTQ), 145-59, 161-67 oxidative stress and, 93, 98 SUBJECT INDEX 477 Vitamin K, 236 bioavailability in food, 4-6 ion transport, 441, 460-63 calcium-channel functions, locomotion and, 10-11 12-15 metalloenzymes and, WwW calcium-phytate interactions, 11-12 6 peripheral nerves and, Wilson disease, 442 B-carotene utilization and, 10-11 31 plasma membrane function and, Z dietary fatty acids and, 8 1, 12-15 DNA synthesis and, 7-8, 12 retinol-binding protein Zinc erythrocyte stability and, synthesis and, 31 angiotensin-converting enzyme 10, 12 signal transduction and, 1, 8-9, and, 9 IGF-I and, 8 12-15