Annual Review of Nutrition 1996: Vol 16 Index

9 Pages·1996·2.5 MB·English

SUBJECT INDEX
A Antibiotics hypercholesterolemia and, 52
intestinal and renal peptide B-lipoproteins and, 10
Acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) transport systems and, oxidation hypothesis of, 52
carbohydrate and fat metabo- 101-4 vitamin E supplementation
lism during exercise, 125, B-lactam, 103-4, 109-10 therapy, 334-36
133-34 peptidomimetic, 108-9 Atopic dermatitis, 165, 167-69,
synthesis of fatty acids from, Anticancer drugs 173
523-27 peptide transporters and, 102
Acne Antifolates, 501, 507-10, 512, B
retinoic acid therapy for, 267 514, 516
Acyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), Antioxidants, 33-45, 51, 57-59, Basophil histamine release, 165,
526-27 63-69, 321-40 170
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 34 atherosclerosis inhibition, 51, Bile formation, 193
Adipocyte lipid-binding protein, 57-59, 63-67 Birth defects, 73-94
217 bilirubin, 59 micronutrient deficiency dur-
Adipose tissue carotene, 34, 4251, 57-58 ing periconceptual period
de novo lipogenesis in, 529, B-, 34, 42 and, 73-94
532-33 carotenoids, 33, 42 anencephaly, 73-74
measuring, defenses, 39-40 cardiovascular defects, 91
glucose-transport proteins in, enzymes and substrates, 40 cleft lip\cleft palate, 91-92
237, 244, 247, 249 flavonoids, 33, 42 folate deficiency, 73-75, 78-
triglyceride stores in, 180, 191 metal ion sequestration, 40 80, 83-89, 93
Adipsin, 292 plant phenolics, 33, 42 neural tube defects, 73-75,
Adrenal steroid hormones as pro-oxidants, 44 78-89, 93
mineralocorticoids, 443-64 prubucol, 58-59 urinary tract disorders, 90-
(See also Mineraloconrti- a-tocopherol, 34, 41-42, 57- 91
coids) 58, 322, 327-28 Blood-brain barrier
synthesis, 444-47 urate, 59 transcellular folate transport
Adrenocoricotropic hormones vitamin C, 33, 41-42, 44-45, across, 502
(ACTH), 447 51, 57, 63, 67, 321-40 Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
Alanine, 122 vitamin E, 4, 11, 16, 33, 41- transcellular folate transport
Alcoholism 43, 45, 51, 57, 63, 67, across, 502
among indigenous peoples. 321-40 Bombesin
429, 435 (See also under individual anti- satiety and, 290
Allergic eosinophilic gastroenten- oxidants ) Bovine lactoalbumin, 164
tis, 168-69 Appetite, 286, 290-96, 308-14 Bovine-lactoglobulin, 164
Allergy; food (See Food allergy) nutrients and, 292-95 Bovine servum albumin,
Alzheimers disease satiation and, 285, 293-95, 308 164
vitamin E supplementation satiety and, 290-96, 308-14
therapy for, 337-38 Arthropathy, 149-SO Cc
Amino acids Ascorbate, 59, 324 (See also Vita-
metabolism, 192 min C) Caco-2, 110, 112
parenteral nutntion for low- Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency Cancer, 33-34, 43, 267
birth-weight infants, 477- (AVED), 329-31 age-related oxidative stress
8] Atherosclerosis and, 43
Ammonia metabolism, 192 cholesterol-lowering interven- lung
Amytrophic lateral sclerosis tions, 354-56 B-carotene and, 34
mutations affecting CuZnSOD Atherosclerosis retinoids and prevention of,
in, 40 dietary fat and, 60-67 267
Anaphylaxis, 162, 166-67 fatty streak Carbohydrate metabolism, 121-
Anaplerosis, 129 etiology of . 52 34, 189-91, 523-52
Anemia foam cells, 53 de novo lipogenesis, 523-52
indigenous peoples dietary free radicals and, 37-39, 44 (See also De novo lipogenesis)
change and, 424 lipid peroxidation and, 37— Cardiac metabolism, 7-13
Anencephaly, 73-74 39 congestive heart failure and, 9-
Angiotensin converting enzyme metal ion catalysts, 38-39, 10
inhibitors, 102, 108-9 aa) thiamin deficiency and, 7
559
560 SUBJECT INDEX
Cardiac muscle Copper Cytoplasmic retinoic acid—bind-
retinoic acid and, 266 low-density lipoprotein oxida- ing proteins (See CRABP)
Cardiovascular birth defects tion and, 54 Cytoplasmic retinol-binding pro-
folic acid deficiency and, 9 Coronary artery disease (CAD), teins (See CRBP)
Cardiovascular disease 52, 55-67
current clinical guidelines, cellular prooxidant activity D
357-63 and, 64-65
indigenous peoples dietary cellular resistance to fatty ac- Dehyroepiandosterone (DHEA),
change and, 434-35 ids and, 65 453
Carotene, 34, 42, 51, 57-58, 261- dietary fat and, 60-67 De novo lipogenesis, 523-52
62, 276 low-density lipoprotein oxida- alcoholic liver disease and, 551
B-, 34, 42, 261-62, 276 tion and, 55-59, 60-64 biochemical pathways, 523-29
retinoic acid formation vitamin C and vitamin E intake acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA),
from, 261-62, 276 and $23-27
cardiovascular disease end- inverse relationship be- acyl-CoA carboxylase
points reduction with in- tween, 57 (ACC) and, 526-28
take of, 57-58 Coronary heart disease, 349-75 enzyme regulation, 527-28
Carotenoids, 33, 42 cholesterol-lowering interven- gene regulation, 529
Casein, 163, 173 tions, 354-56 hepatic, 529, 541-52
Cataracts estrogen-replacement therapy cigarette smoking cessation
vitamin E supplementation for, and, 359, 362-63 and, 545
337 hypercholesterolemia and 35 I- cytokines and, 544
Catecholamines, 122 75 ethanol and, 543-44
Celiac disease, 168, 172 current Clinical guidelines, fructose vs. glucose intake
Cell proliferation 357-63 and, 541-42
folate receptors and, 513-16 primary prevention, 349-75 gonadal hormones and, 544-
Cellular retinoic acid—binding surrogate and clinical en- 45
protein (See CRABP) points, 351-52 glycogen storage disease
Cellular retinol—binding protein Cow milk type I, 546
(See CRBP) allergy to, 163-64, 166-68, high-fat diets and, 541
Cereal grains 170, 173-74 low-fat/ high-carbohydrate
allergy to, 164 anaphylaxis and, 167 diets and, 542-43
Cholecytokin CRABP, 258, 264-67 meal frequency and, 543
satiety and, 290 CRABP type 1 (CRABPIa)n d medium chain triglycerides
Cholesterol, 52, 54, 349-75 type 2 (CRABPII), 205-6, and, 546
coronary heart disease preven- 217-27, 264-65, 267 obesity-related metabolic
tion and, 349-75 expression, 217-18 disturbances and, 545
cholesterol-lowering inter- gene regulation, 218-19 hypertriglyceridemia and, 542,
ventions, 354-56 ligand binding, 219-20 551
estrogen replacement ther- modulation of retinoic acid me- macronutrient balance theory
apy and, 359, 362-63 tabolism, 224-26 and, 549
policy implementation, 37 1- structure, 220-24 CRBP, measurements, 529-4]
74 CRBP type | (CRBPI), adipose tissue fatty acid
oxidation of, 54 and CRBP type 2 composition, 532-33
Choline deficiency, 4, 8-10 (CRBPII), 205-16, 226- incorporation of labeled
Cigarette smoking cessation 27, 264, 265, 271 water, 536, 540-41
de novo lipogenesis and, expression, 207-8 indirect calorimetry, 529-32
545 gene regulation, 208-9 mass isotopomer distribu-
Cirrhosis, 139, 146-47, 149 ligand binding, 209-10 tion analysis, 536-40
arthropathy and, 149 retinoic acid synthesis, 213, 11-Deoxycorticosterone (DOC),
hepatocellular carcinoma and, 215 446447
147-48 retinoid nutritional status and, Devazepide, 290
Cleft lip\cleft palate 208 Diabetes mellitus
folic acid deficiency and, 91- retinol estenfication, 213-16 arthropathy and, 149-50
92 retinol transfer, 213 indigenous peoples dietary
Coenzyme A, 7-8 retinoldehyde reduction and, change and incidence of,
Coenzyme Q, | 213-14 425, 430, 434
Colic retiny! ester hydrolysis, 213-15 maturity onset diebetis of the
food allergy and infantile, 167 structure, 210-13 young (MODY), 243
Colitis Cystumia, 101 non-insulin-dependent, 247,
food-induced, 167, 171 Cytochromes P450, 34 249
Congenital lipoid adrenal hyper- Cytokines vitamin E supplementation for,
plasia, 451-53 de novo lipogenesis and, 544 336-37
SUBJECT INDEX 561
Dietary fat Estrogen-replacement therapy, tors; Folate deficiency;
cellular prooxidant activity 359, 362-63 Folic acid)
and, 64-65 Ethanol Folate/antifolate transport, 501-
cellular resistance to fatty ac- metabolism of, 180, 191 17
ids and, 65 Exercise, 121-34 anti-carcinoma drug transport,
low-density lipoprotein oxida- carbohydrate metabolism dur- 514-16
tion and, 60-64 ing, 121-34 blood-brain barrier, 502
Differentiation difference in metabolic re- blood-cerebrospinal fluid bar-
retinoic acid and, 259-60, 265 sponse to, 123-25 ner, 502
embryonal carcinoma cells, endurance training, 126-34 extracellular folate concentra-
265 glycogen sparing in, 131-34 tions (EFC) and, 502,
human leukemic cells, 265 fat metabolism during, 121-34 509, 512-13
mesodermal, 266 maximal oxygen uptake capac- folate receptor (FR)—mediated,
neuronal, 266 ity, 123-25, 127 501-17
DNA methylation plasma glucose lactate thresh- linkage of folate receptor— and
folate and, 75 old, 123-25 reduced-folate carrier—me-
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Extracellular folate concentra- diated, 507-10
63, 65 tions (EFC), 502, 509, 512- potocytosis, 507-8
Double-blind placebo-controlled 13 reduced folate carner—medi-
food challenge (DBPCFC), ated (RFC), 501-2, 507-
171, 173 10
Drug absorption renal tubular cell, 502, 507
food interactions and, 383-406 Familial isolate vitamin E (FIVE) transplacental maternal-to-fetal
delayed drug absorption, deficiency, 329-32 transfer, 501-2, S057,
396-401 Fat intake, 285-314 516
direct effect of food, 386 appetite and, 286, 290-96, Folate-binding proteins (FBP)
drug formulation, 384 308-14 (See Folate receptors)
no effect. 401-6 high-fat foods Folate deficiency
reduced drug absorption, overcomsumption and, 308- birth defects, 73-75, 78-80
386-92 10, 314 low-birthweight infants, 505
type and size of meal, 384 hunger and, 292-95 megaloblastic anemia, 505
Drug-food interactions (See Drug obesity and, 286, 310-14 megalobiastosis from, 502
absorption, food interactions) satiation and, 285, 293-95, 308 neural tube defects, 505
Dyslipidemias, 352-75 satiety and, 285, 290-96, 308- Folate receptors, 501-17
current clinical guidelines, i4 cell proliferation and, 513-16
357-63 Fat metabolism, 121-34 expression, 510-13
Fatigue, 121, 126, 129 extracellular folate concen-
Fatty acids trations and, 512-13
metabolism, 191 regulators, 511-13
monounsaturated, 60-64, 66- glyosyl-phosphatidylinositol
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 63, 67 (GPI) anchored, 513
65 polyunstaturated, 51, 53-54, ligand binding, 503-5
Electrolytes 56-57 molecular structure, 503
parenteral nutntion for low- Ferritin, 141-45, 151-57 Folate transporter protein, 107
birthweight infants, 486— liver disease and high serum Folic acid (PGA), 73-94
87 concentration of, 152 deficiency
Embryogenesis reference range for serum con- cardiovascular defects, 91
CRABP.- and CRABP-II ex- centration of, 151 cleft lip\cleft palate, 91-92
pression during, 218 storage iron, 141 limb reductions, 92
Embryonic development Fetal alcohol syndrome, 435 neural tube defects, 80-89
folic acid (See also Birth de- Fetal malformations (See Birth urinary tract defects, 90-91
tects; Folic acid, percon- defects) mechanism of action, 89
ceptional penod) Fish oil supplements, 63-64, 67 neural tube defects interven-
Endoplasmic reticulum, | 13 Flavin adenine dinucleotide tion studies, 80-83
Energy intake (FAD), 43 neural tube defects prevention,
dietary fat and, 295-96 Flavonoids, 33, 42 83-89
high-fat foods Folate, 73, 75-77 Food allergy, 161-74
overcomsumption and, 308- dietary intake, 77 adverse reactions from, 162-
10, 314 dietary sources, 76-77 63
Energy requirements DNA methylation, 75 prevalence, 162-63
parenteral nutntion for low- supplementation, 80-94 allergic eosinophilic gastroen-
birthweight infants, 481- (See also Folate/antifolate teritis and, 168-69, 172
82 transport: Folate recep- allergens, 163-74
562 SUBJECT INDEX
bovine gammaglobulin, 164, influence of food on, 384-86 Glycogenolysis, 132-34
170 drug absorption and, 386 Glucosyi-phosphatidy linositol-an-
bovine lactoglobulin, 164, Glucagon, 122, 180-81, 188, 290 chored folate receptors (See
170 satiety and pancreatic, 290 Folate receptors)
bovine serum albumin, 164 Gluconeogenesis, 5, 12-13, 122, Guru Walla model, 533, 548-49
casein, 163 127, 179, 189-93
cereal grains, 164 alanine, 122 H
chicken egg, 164, 172-73 lactate, 122
cow milk, 163-64, 166-68, rate-controlling enzymes of Hartnup disease, 101
170, 173-74 gene expression of, 193 H*-coupled peptide transport,
peanuts, 164 Glucose, 121-34 103-12, 114
profilins, 164-65 exercise and relugation of PEPT! and, 105—12, 114
soy, 167-68 plasma, 122-34 PEPT2 and, 106-12, 114
water-soluble glycoproteins, catecholamines and, 122 Hematopoiesis, 16
163-64 endurance training and, 126- Hemochromatosis, 139-57
whey, 163 28 cirrhosis secondary to, 139
anaphylaxis, 162, 166-67 insulin and, 122, 131 genetic, 139-57
atopic dermatitis and, 165, nutntional state, 125-26 genetic markers, 153-54
167-69, 173 training level, 123-25 heart and, 148-49
celiac disease and, 168 Glucose paradox, 189 hepatocellular carcinoma and,
colitis, 167, 17) Glucose transport proteins 139, 147-48, 157
defined, 162 (GLUT), 235-50 inheritance
diagnosis adipose tissue, 237, 244, 247, histocompatibility antigen
basophil histamine release 249 typing, 143
assays, 170 brain, 241-42 intestinal cell and, 144
double-blind placebo-con- heart muscle, 244, 246, 249 lipid peroxidation byproducts
trolled food challenge insulin-resistance and, 245—47 and, 147
(DBPCFC), 171, 173 insulin-stimulated regulation liver function and, 144-48
radioallergosorbent tests of, 244-45 liver transplantation for, 156
(RAST), 169-7] intestinal, 243—44 pancreas and, 148
elimination diets for, 172-73 isoforms diabetes mellitus and, 148
immunoglobin E-mediated, distribution, 237-38 parenchymal cell deposition,
161-62, 164 functions, 238-39 140
infantile colic and, 167 kidney, 243—44 phlebotomy for, 155
malabsorption syndromes and, liver, 242-43 prevalence, 142-43, 154-55
167-68, 171 pancreatic B-cells, 242-43, reticuloendothelial system and,
mediators, 165-66 249-50 145
pathogenesis. 165 skeletal muscle, 244, 246, 249 screening, 149-50
Food intolerance, 161-62 structure, 239-4] Hemoglobin, 141
defined, 162 transgenic mice, 247-49 Hemomagic renal syndrome, 4, 8-
types of, 162 (See also Glucose trans- 9
Free fatty acids, 121-34 porters) Hemosiderin, 141, 148-49
exercise and regulation of, Glucose transporter gene family Hepatic metabolism
122-28, 131-34 (See Glucose transport pro- de novo lipogenesis, 541-52
endurance training, 126-28 teins) (See also De novo lipogenesis)
glycogen-sparing effect of, Glucose transporters, 128, 130- Hepatocellular carcinoma, 139,
126, 131-34 31 (See also Glucose trans- 147-48, 157
lactate threshold, 123-25 port proteins) cirrhosis and, 147-48
levels of training, 123-25 Glutamate synthetase, 179 chronic alcoholism and, 147
release from adipose tissue, Glycogen, 4/-5, 180, 189, 121-34 tobacco smoking and, 147
123-25 deposition High-density lipoproteins (HDL),
Free radicals, 33-39, 41, 54 adrenal steroids and, 4—5 60-61, 321, 327
defined, 35 muscle, 128-34 High-fat diet
lipid peroxidation and, 37 endurance training and regu- hepatic de novo lipogenesis in,
metal ion catalysts, 38-39 lation of, 126-28 54]
nitnc oxide, 33, 36 exercise and regulation of, indigenous peoples dietary
reactions of, 37-39 128-34 change to, 431, 435
superoxide, 35-36 resynthesis, 126 Histamine-releasing factor, 165
sparing effect of free fatty ac- Histocompatibility antigen
G ids, 126, 131-34 (HLA), 139, 142-43
supercompensation, 129-31 HIV
Galanin, 292 Glycogen storage disease type I, hydrogen peroxide and expres-
Gastrointestinal tract 546 sion of, 37
SUBJECT INDEX 563
Homocyst(e)ine, 76, 89 economics, 42] transferrin and, 141-43
Hormones education and the media, vitamin C and, 141
adrenal steroid hormones 421-22 deficiency, 140, 151, 152, 155
mineralocorticoids, 443-64 non-directed dietary change of, dietary intake, 151-52
synthesis, 44-47 417-36 excessive
adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), alcoholism, 429, 435 iron-loading disorders, 139-
447 anemia, 429, 433-34 57
gonadal, 544-45 cardiovascular disease, 434— (See also Hemochromatosis)
HOX genes 35 oral intake, 152
retinoic acid and, 266-67 diabetes, 430, 434 supplementation
Hunger, 292-95 economics, 425-26 excessive, 44-45
Hydrogen peroxide, 36-37, 192 environmental contami- optimal, 44
HIV expression and, 37 nants, 429 Ischemic heart disease
metabolic roles for, 37 epidemiology, 425 vitamin E supplementation for,
toxicity of, 38-39 fetal alcohol syndrome, 435 333-4
Hydrox ylase deficiency, 454-59 gestational diabetes and, 430
1 1B-. 457-59 high-fat diets, 431, 435 K
17a-, 458-S9 obesity and, 430, 434
21-, 454-57 research, 428-32 Kidney
3B-Hydrox ysteroid dehydro- sedentary lifestyle, 434 glucose transport proteins in,
genase, 446, 450-53 sugars, 425 243-44
deficiency, 453 traditional food systems (See also De novo lipogene-
Hypercholesterolemia, 52, 59, among, 418-36 sis)
351-75 defined, 418 hemorragic renal syndrome, 4,
Hypertension dietary choice, 419-26 8-9
asymptomatic adults, 352 dietary structure, 427-28 mineralocorticoids and salt re-
low-renin, 459-64 diversity, 427 iention in, 444, 450
renin-angiotensin/mineralocor- indigenous food technolo- peptide transporter systems in,
ticoid system and, 461-62 gies, 419-20 99-114
sydromes low heart-disease prevalence absorption of antibiotics
17a-hydroxylase, 458-59 with, 425 and, 101-2
i1B-hydroxylase deficiency, nutntion, 428 H*-coupled, 104-7
457-58 protecting, 435-36 PEPT2, 99, 1-06-12, 114
Hyperthyroidism, 9-10 (See also Traditional food sys- regulation, 111-12 |
Hypertriglyceridemia, 542, 551 lems) Zn~*, Mn", and Cu’ and,
Hypervitanunosis A, 274, 277 Inflammatory bowel disease 105
Hypoglycemia, 121-22, 125-26 oxidative stress and, 36, 43 renal tubular cells, 502, 507
Hypolipemia, 4, 8-9 Insulin, 122, 131, 180, 188-89, Kupffer cells, 146-47
Hypoxia, 142 235. 243-50
adipose tissue and, 237, 244, L
247, 249
glucose transport activity and, Lactate, 122-25
Immunity 245-S0 threshold, 123-25
retinoic acid and, 267 heart muscle and, 244, 246, 249 Leukemias
Immunoglobin E response skeletal muscle and, 244, 245- promyelocytic
food reactions and, 161-62, 46, 249 all-trans —_-retinoic acid
164-74 Insulinopenia, 243 treatment for, 267
basophil histamine release Intestine Linoleate, 61
and, 165, 170 absorption in, 101-2, 141-42 Linoleic acid, 18
histamine-releasing factor and, glucose transport proteins in, Lipid-binding proteins, 205-6
165 243-44 Lipid peroxidation, 37-38, 51-
infant colic and, 167 hemochromatosis and, 144 55, 147
interferon gamma produc- iron-binding proteins in, 142 atherogenesis and, 51-55
tion and, 166 peptide transporter system, 99- free radicals and, 37-38
radioaliergosorbent tests 114 hemochromatosis and bypro-
(RAST) for, 169-71 absorption of antibiotics ducts of, 147
Inborn errors of metabolism, 27 and, 101-2 Lipids
Incorporation of labeled water, H*-coupled, 104-7 parenteral nutntion for low-
536, 540-41 PEPT1, 99, 105-12, birthweight infants, 483-
Indigenous peoples regulation, 111-12 86
culture and dietary choice, Iron Lipoproteinemia
419-26 absorption, 140-43 alpha beta-, 326
cultural preference, 421} ferritin and, 141-43 hypB-. 326
564 SUBJECT INDEX
Lipoproteins oxidation of N
high density (HDL), 321, 327 fish-oil supplementation
intermediate density (IDL), 331 and, 63-64, 57 Native peoples (See Indigenous
low density (LDL), 321, 331, oxidized peoples)
334-36 atherogenesis and, 55-67, Neural tube defects (NTD), 73-
very low density (VLDL), 321, 334-36 75, 78-89, SOS
327-31 proatherogenic properties anencephaly, 73-75
Liver of, 55 folate deficiency and, 73-75,
acinus, 182-98 Lysosomes, 112-13 78-80, 93
biomatnx, 186, 188 intervention studies, 80-83
cell-cell contacts, 186 nutrition and, 78
zonation of gene expression prevention, 83-89, 93
in, 193-98 folic acid mechanisms of ac-
amino acid and ammonia meta- tion and, 89, 93
bolism, 192 Macronutrient balance theory, vitamin B)2 and, 79-80
bile formation, 193 549 Nictotinamide adenine dinu-
carbohydrate metabolism and, Mass isotopomer distribution ana- cleotide phosphate
189-91 lyis, 536-40 (NADPH), 37-38
de novo lipogensis, 529, 541- Maturity onset diabetes of the Nitric oxide, 33, 36
$2 young (MODY), 243 excess production of, 36
alcoholic liver disease and, Maximal oxygen uptake capacity, Nutntional anthropology (See In-
551 123-25, 127 digenous peoples, Tradi-
ethanol metabolism and, 191 Medical Research Council Vita- tional food systems)
fatty acid metabolism and, 191 min Study, 81
functions of, 180-82 Megaloblastosis, 502, 513 O
gene expression, 179, 193-98 Megaloblastic anemia, 505
glucose transport proteins in, Menkes disease, 144-45 Obesity, 10-1 1, 286, 310-14,
242-43, 249 Methionine, 76, 89 430, 434, 545
hemochromatosis and, 140, a-Methyldopa de novo lipogenesis and, 545
144-57 dipeptide analogues of, 102 indigenous peoples dietary
hepatocellular carcinoma Methylmalonic acid (MMA), 80 change and, 430, 434
and, 147-48, 157 5 Methyl-tetrahydrofolate Oleate, 61
Kupffer cells and. 146-47 (mTHF), 76-77, 79 Oxidation
possible site of defect, 144— Mineralocorticoids, 443-64 low-density lipoprotein, 51-67
45 deficiency copper and initiation of, 54
transplantation for, 156 salt-wasting syndromes, coronary artery disease and,
high serum ferntin concentra- 444, 451-57 $2, 55-67
tion in, 152 excess Oxidative damage, 33-45
iron concentration in, 139, 152 hypertensive syndromes, copper ions and, 39, 44
metabolic zonation in, 179, 444, 457-59 iron and, 44
182, 184-85, 188-200 low-renin hypertension, free radical reactions and, 37-
nonparenchy mal metabolism 459-64 38
in, 182, 184-85, 199- human mineralocorticoid re- O2 toxicity
200 ceptors, 448-S0 superoxide theory of, 34-35
parenchymal metabolism in, salt and water metabolism, 444 peroxidation of low-density
182, 184-93, 200 Minerals lipoproteins, 38
RRR -@-tocophcrol release parenteral nutntion for low- Oxidative stress
and, 327-28 birth-weight infants, 486- cellular resistance to dietary
vitamin E metabolism and, 87 fatty acids and, 65
327-28 Monocarbox ylate transporter pro disease prevention and, 43
Liver cell types. 179. 182-83 tein, 107 neurodegenerative disease pa-
186-99 Monounsaturated fatty acids thology, 45
nonparenchy mal (MUFA), 60-64, 66-67 Oxygen sensing, 179
fenestrated endothelial cells, Morphogenesis
186, 199 retinoic acid and, 260, 265-66 P
Kupffer cells, 186, 199 Multivitamin supplementation
pensinusoidal (Ito) cells, birth defects prevention Pancreas
186, 199 neural tube defect interven- diabetes mellitus and, 148
pit cells, 186, 199 tion studies, 80-83 hemochromatosis and, 148
parenchymal, 182, 184-86, neural tube defect preven- Pancreatic B-cells
188-98 tion, 83-89 glucose transport proteins in,
Low density lipoproteins (LDL), Myelin P2 protein, 217 242-43, 249-50
51-67 Myoglobin, 141 Parenteral solutions
SUBJECT INDEX 565
peptide-based. 102-3 Potocytosis, 507-8 isomers of, 260-61
low osmality of, 103 Pregnenolone, 444, 446 morphogenesis and, 260, 265-
short-chain peptides in, 102 Primary prevention 66
Parkinsonss disease clinical strategies, 350-68 cardiac muscle, 266
vitamin E supplementation for, population-based strategies, multiple effects of, 259-60
337-38 350-68 nuclear receptors, 260, 269
Pellagra, 21 behavioral intervention, 350 RARs, 257, 266, 269-77
PEPT1, 99, 105-12, 114 effectiveness, 365-67 RXRs, 257, 260, 266, 269-
affinity for antibiotics, 108-9 evaluation, 363 77
expression in intestine and kid- social marketing, 350 pattern formation and matura-
ney, 109-10 trends, 363-65 tion, 258-59
transport mechanisms of, 109 Surrogate and clinical end- proliferative disease treatment
PEPT2, 99, 105-12, 114 points, 351-52 with, 274
affinity for antibiotics, 108-9 Profilins, 164 sperm formation and matura-
expression in kidney, 109-10 Protein-calorie malnutntion, 14- tion, 258-59
Peptide transport, 99-1 14 18 synthesis, 213, 215, 264-65
absorption of antibiotics and, reversible acquired immunode- CRBP and CRBPI, 264-65
101-4, 108-9 ficiency syndrome in, 17- vision and, 258-59
angiotensin-converting enzyme 18 Retinoic acid response elements
inhibitor transport and, 102 Prubucol, 58-59 (RARE), 266, 269-77
anticancer drug transport and, Pteroylgiutamic acid (PGA) (See B-, 272
102 Folic acid) Retinoids
cultured cell lines, 110-11 metabolism, 205-27
endoplasmic reticulum, 113 R CRABPI and CRABPII and,
H*-coupled, 104-7 205-6, 217-27
lysosomal membrane, | 12-13 Radioallergosorbent tests CRBP and CRBPII and,
PEPT1, 99, 105-12, 114 (RAST), 168-71 205-16, 226-27
PEPT2, 99, 106-12, 114 Reactive nitrogen species, 33, 35- synthetic, 274-77
regulation, 11 1-12 45 antiDAP-1 selective, 276
renin inhibitor transport and, nitrogen dioxide, 36 RAR subtype, 274-75
102 nitric oxide, 33, 36 RXR-selective, 275-76
substrate specificity, 103-4 toxicity of, 38-39 Retinol (See Vitamin A)
B-lactam antibiotics and, Reactive oxygen intermediates, Retinol-binding proteins, 205—
103-4 192-93 16, 226-27
Penconceptional period Reactive oxygen species, 35-45, CRBP and CRBPII
multivitamin supplementation 54, 192-93 expression, 207-8
and prevention of birth de- hydrogen peroxide, 36-37 gene regulation, 2:)8-9
fects during, 75-94 metabolic roles for, 37 ligand binding, 209-10
cardiovascular defects, 91 superoxide, 35-36 retinaldehyde reduction and,
cleft lip/cleft palate, 91-92 toxicity of, 38 213-14
limb reductions, 92 Reduced-folate carrier, 501-2, retinoic acid synthesis and,
neural tube disorders, 83-89 507-10 213, 215
urinary tract birth defects, 90- (See also Folate/antifolate retinoid nutritional status
91 transport) and, 208
Penpheral blood mononuclease Renal tubular cells retinol esterification and,
cells, 166 transcellular folate transport 213-16
Peripheral-type benzodiazepine across, 502, 507 retinol transfer and, 213
receptor (PBR), 452 Renin/angiotensin/mineralocorti- retiny! ester hydrolysis and,
P450c1 1AS, 446, 456-57. 461 coid system, 461-62 213-15
P450c1 1B, 456. 458 Reproduction structure, 210-13
P450c21, 454 retinoic acid and, 258-60 Retinopathy
P4S0sce enzyme, 444-47 Reticuloendothelial system, 145 premature infants and, 34, 4],
Phosphoenolpymvate carboxyki- Retinaldchyde 45
nase (PEPCK), 179, 193 reduction of, 213-14 vitamin E and, 41, 45
Phylloquinone, 18-19, 21 Retinoic acid, 257-77 Retinyl ester hydrolysis, 213-15
Placenta all-trans- (tRA), 258-59, 267 Rheumatoid arthritis, 36
transcellular folate transport cancer prevention and treat-
across, 502, SOS-7, 516 ment with, 267, 276
Plant phenolics, 33, 42 differentiation and, 259-60
flavonoids, 33, 42 formation from B-carotene, Salt and water metabolism (See
Polyunsaturated fatty acids 26 1-62 Mineralocorticoids)
(PUFA), 51, 53-54, 56-67, HOX genes and, 266-67 Salt-wasting syndromes, 444,
322, 339 immunity and, 267 451-57
566 SUBJECT INDEX
Satiation, 285, 293-95, 308 liver and release of, 327-28 iron absorption and, 141
nutrients and, 294-95 RRR-a-, 323, 326-30 (See also Ascorbate)
vs. satiety, 293-94, 308 SRR-a-, 328-30 Vitamin E, 4, 11, 16, 33, 41-43,
Satietin, 292 Tocopheral transfer protein, 321, 45, 51, 57, 63, 67, 321-40
Satiety, 285, 290-96, 308-14 328-31 absorption, 325-26
adipsin and, 292 neurologic disorders from defi- antioxidant properties, 323-25,
bombesin and, 290 ciency in, 329-31 332-40
cholecytokin and, 290 Traditional food systems coronary artery disease preven-
galanin and, 292 defined, 418 tion and, 57
high-fat foods and, 293-95, dietary choice in, 419-26 deficiency, 322-23, 328-32
308-10, 314 dietary structure of, 427-28 delivery of
nutrients and, 294-95 diversity, 427 liver and, 327-28
pancreatic glycogon and, 290 dig food technologies ataxia with vitamin E defi-
vs. satiation, 293-94, 308 419-20 ciency (AVED), 329-
satietin and, 292 low diabetes prevalence, 425 31
serotonin and, 290-91 low heart disease prevalence, familial, isolate vitamin E
somatostatin and, 290 425 (FIVE), 329-32
Serotonin loss of, 417-36 Wilsons disease, 328
satiety and, 290-9! nutrition, 428 distribution, 326-27
Skeletal muscle protecting, 435-36 metabolism, 327-28, 331-32
glucose transport proteins in, (See also Indigenous peoples) liver and, 327-28
244, 245-46, 249 Transferrin, 141-43 supplementation, 332-40
Social marketing, 350 Triglycerides, 122-28, 180 Alzheimers disease and,
Somatostatin adipose tissue stores of, 123-25 337-38
saticty and, 290 lipolysis of intramuscular, 123 atherosclerosis prevention,
Soy sensitivity, 167-68 334-36
Spermatogenesis U cataracts prevention and, 337
retinoic acid and, 258 diabetes and, 336-37
Spina bifida, 73 Ubiquinone, 11, 13 immune function and, 338
Steroidogenic acute regulatory Urinary tract birth defects, 90-91 ischemic heart disease pre-
protein (StAR), 452-53 multivitamin supplementation vention and, 333-34
Steroids (See Adrenal steroid hor- to prevent, 91 Parkinsons disease and, 337-
mones, Minecralocorticoids) 38
Superoxide dismutases (SODs), Vv tocopherol transfer protein
35, 40 and, 328-3)
Superoxide radical anion. 192 Vasopressin, 444 transport, 326-27, 331
Superoxides, 35-39, 64-65, 192 Very low density lipoprotein uptake, 331
copper oxides and, 39 (VLDL), 63, 32), 327-31 Vitamin K, 4, 6, 11, 13, 16-17
generation of Vitamin A (retinol) mode of action, 13
fatty acid supplementation cancer prevention and, 267, Vitamins
and, 64-65 276-77 parenteral nutntion for low-
reactions of, 37-38 retinoic acid derivatives of birthweight infants, 487-
toxicity of, 38-39 (See Retinoic acid) 88
signal transduction, 206 (See
T
also CRABP,; Rentinol-
binding proteins)
Testosterone production Vitamin Be, 76, 88
retinoic acid and, 259 Vitamin B)2, 76, ,78-80, 88-89
Whey, 163
Thiamin deficiency, 7 deficiency in
Wilsons disease, 144-45, 328
Thiobarbituric acid-reactive sub- low birthweight, 78
stances, 66 neural tube defects, 79-80,
Tocopherol, 34, 41-42, 57-58. 88
321-23, 326-0
all-rac--, 323, 326-W 63, 67, 141, 321-40
a-, 34, 41-42, $7~58, 322. coronary artery disease preven- Xenobiotic metabolism, 181,
327-28 tion and, 57 192-93