Annual Review of Nutrition 1991: Vol 11 Index

15 Pages·1991·2.4 MB·English

SUBJECT INDEX
A Alanine Apolipoproteins
hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo- copper and, 267, 269-70,
Acetamidophenol genesis and, 468-69, 276-81
activator lipid peroxides and, 476, 485-86, 489, 501 fructose and, 32
48 splanchnic glutamine metabol- lipoprotein lipase activation
Acetate ism and, 288-89, 292-93 and, 219, 224
cholesterogenesis and, 270-71 Alcoholic liver disease niacin and, 176-78, 182-83
total parenteral nutrition and, 3'P magnetic resonance spec- triglycerides and, 421, 427
94, 110 troscopy and, 459-61 Appetite
N-Acetylglucosamine Alkaline phosphatase fructose and, 23
lipoprotein lipase and, 220-21 bone remodeling and, 316 Arachidonic acid
Acid phosphatases vitamin D and, 192 cat requirements for, 250
hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo- Aluminum Argentation chromatography
genesis and, 486-88, 502 bone matrix formation and triglyceride separation and,
Activity logs TPN and, 109-110 417
energy expenditure calculation total parenteral nutrition and, Arginine
and, 356 99-102, 104, 106-14 cat requirements for, 241-46
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Amino acids dog requirements for, 241-46
fructose and, 33 atherosclerosis and, 9 Arrhythmias
Adenylate cyclase cat requirements for, 241-50 eicosanoids and, 46
niacin and, 174 conditionally essential, 299 niacin and, 182
Adipose tissue dog requirements for, 241-46, transthoracic DC countershock
genetic obesity and, 332-37, 248 and, 16-17
341-42, 344 insulin-like growth factors Arthritis
lipoprotein lipase and, 218, and, 393-94, 403-4 eicosanoids and, 46
220-21, 224-29, 231-33 liver failure and, 170 vegetarian diet and, 72
niacin and, 173-75, 182 mixed function oxidases and, Ascorbic acid
Adipsin see Vitamin C
genetic obesity and, 333-35, nonheme iron absorption and, Asthma
343 eicosanoids and, 46
Adolescents vegetarian diet and, 70, 82, Atabrine
cholesterol levels in, 13-14, 84 nutritional status and, 5
Aminoadipic semialdehyde Atherosclerosis
dietary intervention and, 384— lysine degradation and, 437- cholesterol and, 375-87, 418,
85, 387 38, 445 430
obesity in, 359-62 structure of, 438 eicosanoids and, 47
serum lipids in, 376, 379, Ammonia genetic predisposition and,
381-82, 384, 386-87 splanchnic glutamine metabol- 379-80
vascular lesions in, 378-79 ism and, 288-89, 291- B-lipoproteins and, 9-10
vegetarian diet and, 73-74, 93, 303 nutritional research and, 7—
78 Ammonium chloride 10, 12-14, 16
Adrenal gland acidification and, 255 PUFAs and, 44
vitamin D receptors in, 194 Androgens triglycerides and, 418, 430
a-Adrenergic-mediated vasos- cytochrome P450 and, 143
pasms Angiotensin B
eicosanoids and, 44 hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo-
Adrenocorticotropic hormone genesis and, 472 Bacillus stearothermophilus
(ACTH) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, phosphofructokinases and, 484
eicosanoids and, 43 AVP) Bacteremia
Adults eicosanoids and, 43 glutamine and, 296
doubly labeled water method Antioxidants, dietary Bakikiain
and, 357 carcinogens and, 148 L-pipecolic acid relationship
total parenteral nutrition in, Antipyrine to, 436
cytochrome P450 in, 150-59 Barbiturates
vegetarian diet and, 75, 78— Apamin mixed function oxidases and,
79 genetic obesity and, 336
517
518 SUBJECT INDEX
Bile Calcitonin Carotenoids
copper excretion and, 126 bone resorption inhibition retinol synthesis and, 70
steroid excretion and, 274 and, 315 Casein
Biotin genetic obesity and, 335-36, cytochrome P450 and, 144
dietary sources of, 70 343 Catecholamines
lysine and, 446 vitamin D and, 192 genetic obesity and, 328,
tissue respiration and, 8 Calcium 336
vegetarian diet and, 70 cat requirements for, 251-52 hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo-
Biphosphate dog requirements for, 251-52 genesis and, 472, 490-
genetic obesity and, 327 fat consumption and, 64 91
Blood fluoride therapy and, 311-16, molybdenum and, 128
copper and, 135 318-19 Cats
niacin and, 181 homeostasis and, 190 amino acid requirements of,
phosphorus partition and, 2 iron absorption and, 65 241-50
Blood pressure total parenteral nutrition and, carbohydrate requirements of,
atherosclerosis and, 379, 385- 94-107, 111-14 250
86 vegetarian diet and, 62, 67- as companion animals, 240
healthful omnivorous patterns 68, 74-78, 81-83 fat requirements of, 250
and, 80 vitamin D and, 190-92, 196, mineral requirements of, 250-
vegetarian diet and, 71-72 205 56
Bombesin Cancer protein requirements of, 241-
genetic obesity and, 330 eicosanoids and, 46 50
Bone splanchnic glutamine metabol- vitamin requirements of, 256
buffering activity and, 99-100 ism and, 288, 297-98, Cebus albifrons
calcium and, 68 303 atherosclerosis research and,
fluoride and, 309-20 vegetarian diet and, 72-73,
metabolism of, 94-95, 103- 79 Central nervous system (CNS)
15 Carbohydrates genetic obesity and, 327-31,
total parenteral nutrition and, cat requirements for, 250 342-43
94-95, 99-100, 103-5, cytochrome P450 and, 145— Cereals
107-15 47, 149-51 healthful patterns omnivorous
vitamin D receptors in, 192— dog requirements for, 250 patterns and, 81
94, 202-4 in lipoprotein lipase, 220-21 lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet and,
Bone remodeling oxidation and, 25-26 82
Frost’s quantum concept of, vegetarian diet and, 78 serum cholesterol levels and,
310, 314 total parenteral nutrition and, 14
Brain 95 Ceruloplasmin
insulin-like growth factors Carbon copper status and, 135
and, 397 splanchnic glutamine metabol- thiomolybdates and, 125-26
lysine and, 439 ism and, 288 Chicks
n-3 fatty acids and, 45 Carbon dioxide (CO) amino acid requirements of,
31P magnetic resonance spec- doubly labeled water method 245-46
troscopy and, 450-51 and, 357 carbohydrate requirements of,
vitamin B,2 deficiency and, Carcinogens 250
* 66 cytochrome P450 and, 142, mineral requirements of, 252-
vitamin D receptors and, 194 144-45, 148, 153, 159 53
Breast-feeding niacin and, 179-80 Children
energy metabolism and, 370- Cardiomyopathy dietary intervention and, 382-
71 taurine and, 244, 248 85
Breast tumors Cardiovascular disease dietary patterns in, 382
eicosanoids and, 53 copper deficiency and, 271 energy requirements in, 367-
Butter fat nutritional research and, 7— 70
cytochrome P450 and, 150 10, 12-16 hyperlysinemia in, 442
serum cholesterol levels and, PUFAs and, 44 insulin-like growth factors
serum lipids and, 376-78 and, 396, 404
vegetarian diet and, 71 obesity in, 359
Cc zinc-to-copper ratio and, 266 rickets in, 68
Carnitine serum lipids in, 375-87
Caffeine dietary sources of, 70 total parenteral nutrition in,
cytochrome P450 and, 154, lysine and, 446
156 vegetarian diet and, 70 vascular lesions in, 378-79
Calbindins Carnitine palmitoyl transferase vegetarian diet and, 73-74,
vitamin D and, 192 deficiency of, 456-59 771-78, 83, 384
SUBJECT INDEX 519
Chloride phosphofructokinase, 477 Cytochrome b,
total parenteral nutrition and, vitamin D, 190, 192, 198- drug metabolism and, 142,
94 201, 208-9 144, 147, 156
Cholecalciferol Copper Cytochrome oxidase
see Vitamin D cat requirements for, 253 genetic obesity and, 341
Cholecystokinin (CCK) cholesterol and, 266-81 molybdenum and, 124, 127-
calcium homeostasis and, cytochrome P450 and, 157 28
104-5 deficiency of, 122, 127-31, Cytochrome P450
genetic obesity and, 328, 133, 157 drug metabolism and, 143-59
330-31, 343 dog requirements for, 253 macronutrients and, 144-52
Cholesterol fat consumption and, 64 malnutrition and, 152, 157-58
absorption of, 273-74 fructose effects on metabolism micronutrients and, 152-57
atherosclerosis and, 375-87, of, 22, 32-34 mixed function oxidases and,
418, 430 lipoproteins and, 266-70, 142
copper and, 266-81 276-77, 278-81 species differences and, 143
degradation of, 274-76 thiomolybdates and, 122-37 Cytokines
dietary recommendations and, tissue respiration and, 2 vitamin D regulation of, 192
63, 376 total parenteral nutrition and,
education programs and, 376, 95
D
383-84 toxicity of, 122, 136
excretion of, 274-76 Corn oil
fructose and, 32 cytochrome P450 and, 147, Dairy products
healthful omnivorous patterns dietary fat and, 414
and, 80-81 HUFAs and, 52 Deferoxamine
lipoproteins and, 266-71, Corn syrup aluminum chelation and, 104,
276-81 high-fructose, 22
niacin and, 172, 175-78, 183 Coronary artery disease Dental caries
nutritional research and, 8-16 vegetarian diet and, 71 vegetarian diet and, 72
oxidation of, 275 Corrinoids Deuterium
synthesis of, 270-73 noncobalamin, 66 doubly labeled water method
tissue distribution of, 275 Corticosterone and, 356-57
vegetarian diet and, 72, 78, 81 genetic obesity and, 327, 329 Development
zinc and, 266 Corticotropin-releasing factor taurine and, 247
Cholestery! ester (CRF) Dexamethasone
copper deficiency and, 272, eicosanoids and, 43 splanchic glutamine metabol-
275-79 genetic obesity and, 330 ism and, 294-95
Choline Coumarins Dextrose
drug activity of, 170 cytochrome P450 and, 153- total parenteral nutrition and,
Chromium 54 94
total parenteral nutrition and, Creatinine kinase Diabetes
95 3'P magnetic resonance spec- cytochrome P450 and, 149
Citric acid troscopy and, 461-62 genetic obesity and, 327,
nonheme iron absorption and, Cyanocobalamin 330-31, 335, 337-40
see Vitamin B,> hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo-
Citrulline Cyclic adenosine monophosphate genesis and, 488-91,
cat requirements for, 242 (cAMP) 496-98, 500
splanchnic glutamine metabol- fatty acids and, 45 immunodeficiency and, 335-
ism and, 288-89 hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo- 36
Coconut oil genesis and, 466-77, insulin-like growth factors
healthful patterns omnivorous 480-84, 490-91, 496- and, 398, 406
patterns and, 81 98, 499-500 Type I
hypercholesterolemia and, 12 lipoprotein lipase and, 227, fructose and, 24
Cola nut chewing 232-33 niacin and, 179, 184
cytochrome P450 and, 154 niacin and, 173-74, 178 Type I
Collagen Cysteine fructose and, 22-27, 30-
vitamin D and, 192 cat requirements for, 241, 31, 34
Colon cancer 245, 247 vegetarian diet and, 72
vegetarian diet and, 72-73 dog requirements for, 241, .2-Diacylglycerol
Complement DNA (cDNA) 245 hormonal regulation of hepat-
cytochrome P450, 142 hypercholesteremia and, 9 ic metabolism and, 467
glucokinase, 500 vegetarian diet and, 65 Diet
lipoprotein lipase, 218, 220, Cystinuria atherosclerosis and, 8-16
222-24, 232-33 enzyme defects and, 441 EFAs in, 54-56
520 SUBJECT INDEX
fat consumption and, 63 Eicosanoids prostaglandin biosynthesis
serum lipids and, 379-80 activity of, 42-43 and, 47
Dietary intake records formation kinetics and, 42, Estrogens
energy expenditure calculation cytochrome P450 and, 159
and, 356 function of, 42 genetic obesity and, 327
Diglycerides inactivation kinetics and, 46- thiomolybdates and, 130, 137
absorption of, 418, 420 48 vegetarian diet and, 75, 79
digestion of, 418-19 n-3 fatty acids and, 56 vitamin D and, 191, 199,
physical properties of, 422- Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 201, 204
23, 425 sources of, 71 Ethanol
tissue accumulation of, 421- vegetarian diet and, 71 cytochrome P450 and, 156
22 Elderly 3'P magnetic resonance spec-
transport of, 418-21 cytochrome P450 and, 158-59 troscopy and, 459-61
Diverticulitis vegetarian diet and, 75, 79, 82 Etidronate
vegetarian diet and, 72 vitamin B,> status in, 67 bone resorption inhibition
DNA-binding factors Electrolytes and, 315
hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo- total parenteral nutrition and, Exercise
genesis and, 493-94 95 calcium and, 68
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) Endometrium energy costs of, 356
vegetarian diet and, 71 vitamin D receptors in, 194 fructose intake and, 22, 27-
Dogs B-Endorphin 30
amino acid requirements of, genetic obesity and, 330-31 insulin-like growth factors
241-46 Endotoxemia and, 404-5
carbohydrate requirements of, splanchnic glutamine metabol- obesity and, 359-61
250 ism and, 288, 294, 296— 3!P magnetic resonance spec-
as companion animals, 240 97 troscopy and, 452, 455-
fat requirements of, 250 Energy expenditure 59
mineral requirements of, 250—- growth and, 367-71 vegetarian diet and, 72, 75,
56 lactation and, 365-67, 370-71 83
protein requirements of, 241- obesity and, 358-63, 371
46, 250 pregnancy and, 365-67, 370- F
splanchnic glutamine metabol- 71
ism and, 290, 292-95, undernutrition and, 363-65 Factorial analysis
300 Energy restriction energy expenditure calculation
vitamin requirements of, 256 chronic, 363-64 and, 356
Dopamine-B-hydroxylase cytochrome P450 and, 148- “Fainting shock” syndrome
catecholamine metabolism 49, 151 n-6 fatty acids and, 44
and, 128 Enzymes Fasting
Dopaminergic system fatty acid esterification and, cytochrome P450 and, 148-
genetic obesity and, 328 41-42 49, 151-52
Doubly labeled water method Epidermal growth factor (EGF) hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo-
characterization of, 356—57 splanchnic glutamine metabol- genesis and, 488-91,
growth and, 367-71 ism and, 288, 300 496-97
lactation and, 365-67, 370-71 Epinephrine insulin-like growth factors
obesity and, 358-63, 371 fructose intake and, 29 and, 396-401
pregnancy and, 365-67, 371 genetic obesity and, 336 3'P magnetic resonance spec-
undernutrition and, 363-65 Epoxides troscopy and, 453-60
Drug metabolism n-6 fatty acid conversion to, Fats
cytochrome P450 and, 143-59 43 absorption of, 418
Drugs synthesis of, 46 atherosclerosis and, 375
nutrient similarity to, 169-70 Ergocalciferol cat requirements for, 250
Dysmenorthea see Vitamin D composition of, 417
eicosanoids and, 46 Escherichia coli cytochrome P450 and, 147-50
glucokinase and, 501 dietary recommendations and,
phosphofructokinases and, 63-64, 376
E
477-718, 484-85 dog requirements for, 250
D-pipecolic acid and, 436 healthful omnivorous patterns
Eating styles Esophagus and, 80-81
range of compatible with vitamin D receptors in, 194 melting of, 417
health, 63-64 Essential fatty acids (EFAs) serum cholesterol levels and,
Eggs cytochrome P450 and, 147 10-14
serum cholesterol levels and, physiological features of, 43- total parenteral nutrition and,
44
SUBJECT INDEX 521
vegetarian diet and, 72, 78, fat consumption and, 64 Fruits
84 tissue respiration and, 8 fructose in, 21
Fatty acids vegetarian diet and, 62, 65- healthful patterns omnivorous
absorption of, 418, 420, 428 patterns and, 81
eicosanoid formation and, 46— Follicle-stimulating hormone L-pipecolic acid in, 436
(FSH) vegetarian diet and, 82-83
genetic obesity and, 327, 332 eicosanoids and, 43 Fumaric acid
interaction kinetics and, 48- Food preparation tissue respiration and, 3
53 cytochrome P450 and, 155
n-3, 42, 44-56 Foods G
n-6, 42-44, 46-56 drug metabolism and, 143-44
n-7, 47, 49-51, 55 Formula-feeding Galactose
n-9, 47, 49-51, 54-55 energy metabolism and, 370- lipoprotein lipase and, 220
physical properties of, 422-23 71 Galanin
3!P magnetic resonance spec- Fractures genetic obesity and, 331
troscopy and, 453, 456 fluoride therapy and, 317-20 Gallstones
saturation of, 423, 425 Free fatty acids vegetarian diet and, 72
serum cholesterol levels and, fructose effect on, 28 Gas chromatography
>!P magnetic resonance spec- triglyceride separation and,
Feces troscopy and, 453, 456 416-17
copper excretion and, 126, Fructose Gastrin
136 absorption of, 22-23 calcium homeostasis and,
thiomolybdate excretion and, appetite and, 23 104-5
124-25 copper metabolism and, 22, Gastrointestinal disorders
Feline urologic syndrome 32-34 doubly labeled water method
magnesium and, 255 diabetes and, 22-27, 30-31, and, 357
Felinine 34 Gastrointestinal peptide (GIP)
cat requirements for, 243-44, dietary intake of, 21-22 fructose effect on, 28
246 exercise and, 22, 27-30 Genes
Fertility gout and, 33-34 hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo-
thiomolybdates and, 130, insulin-like growth factor genesis and, 466, 474,
136-37 binding proteins and, 406 477, 479, 490-501
Fiber, dietary lipid metabolism and, 22, 30- obesity and, 325-44
calcium absorption and, 83 34 vitamin D regulation of, 190-
colon cancer and, 73 metabolic aspects of, 22-23 95, 198-209
menstrual status and, 75 nutritional aspects of, 23-30 Glucagon
vegan diet and, 68 3!P magnetic resonance spec- fructose and, 27-28
zinc absorption and, 69 troscopy and, 460-61 genetic obesity and, 327,
Fibrillation potential adverse effects of, 337, 342
eicosanoids and, 44 30-34 glutamine and, 288, 290,
niacin and, 182 uric acid metabolism and, 22,
Fibroblasts 33-34 hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo-
vitamin D resistance and, Fructose- | ,6-biphosphatase genesis and, 468-69,
205-6 hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo- 471-72, 490-91, 495,
Fibrynolysis genesis and, 466-71, 500
niacin and, 179 473-82, 488-92, 497, lipoprotein lipase and, 232
Flavonoids 501-4 Glucocorticoids
cytochrome P450 and, 153 Fructose- | ,6-biphosphate genetic obesity and, 329-30,
Flavoprotein reductase hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo- 334-35, 340, 342-43
cytochrome P450 and, 144-45 genesis and, 473, 497 glutamine and, 288, 294-95
Fluoride Fructose-2 ,6-biphosphatase hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo-
metabolism of, 310 hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo- genesis and, 491, 493,
osteoporosis and, 309-20 genesis and, 470-75, 496, 500, 502-3
skeletal histology and, 310-14 477-92, 497-504 lipoprotein lipase and, 232
5-Fluororacil Fructose-2,6-biphosphate vitamin D and, 194, 196-97,
glutamine supplementation hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo- 199, 201
and, 300 genesis and, 466, 472, Glucokinase
Fluorosis 478, 480-82, 488-90 hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo-
endemic, 309 Fructose-6-phosphate genesis and, 466-67,
Folate hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo- 489-92, 497, 501-4
see Folic acid genesis and, 466, 469, Gluconeogenesis
Folic acid 471, 479-80, 482-86, in cats, 250
dietary sources of, 65 488-89 hepatic, 466-504
522 SUBJECT INDEX
Glucose Glycosylation Hexokinases
fructose and, 22-25 of proteins, 26 hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo-
genetic obesity and, 327-28, Gonadotropin genesis and, 500-1
337-38, 340-41 eicosanoids and, 43 High-density lipoproteins
glutamine and, 294-97 genetic obesity and, 328 (HDLs)
insulin-like growth factor Gout atherosclerosis and, 377, 380
binding proteins and, 406 fructose and, 33-34 cholesterol and, 12
lipoprotein lipase and, 220 G-proteins copper deficiency and, 266-
3'P magnetic resonance spec- genetic obesity and, 330, 70, 276-81
troscopy and, 453, 456, 336-37, 343 fructose and, 32
458 niacin and, 174-75, 183 niacin and, 173, 177-78, 183
total parenteral nutrition and, Grains triglycerides and, 421
105-6, 108 in pet foods, 240 Highly unsaturated fatty acids
Glucose- 1 ,6-biphosphate vegetarian diet and, 69, 84 (HUFAs)
hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo- Granulocyte-macrophage colony- esterification of, 42
genesis and, 475 stimulating factor (GM- interaction kinetics and, 48-
Glucose-6-phosphatase CSF) 53
hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo- vitamin D regulation of, 192 nutritional status and, 54-55
genesis and, 466-67, Growth prostaglandin biosynthesis
489-91, 501-2 energy requirements of chil- and, 42, 44-47
Glucose-6-phosphate dren and, 367-68 tissue levels of, 55-56
hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo- lactation and, 370 High-pressure liquid
genesis and, 488-89 weight gain and, 368-70 chromatography (HPLC)
Glutamate Growth hormone (GH) triglyceride separation and,
lysine and, 437-38 eicosanoids and, 43 416-17
vitamin B, and, 244 genetic obesity and, 328, Hip
Glutamic acid 331-32, 343 fracture and, 318-20
cat requirements for, 244 insulin-like growth factors Histidine
Glutamine and, 394-99, 401-3, 405 cat requirements for, 245
biochemistry of, 287 vitamin D and, 191 dog requirements for, 245
classification of, 299 Growth hormone-releasing factor Homeostasis
homeostasis and, 304 (GRF) calcium, 95-105, 113-14,
metabolism of, 285-98, 302- eicosanoids and, 43 190
3 Gut mucosal cells glutamine, 304
physiologic importance of, glutamine and, 287-90, 292- mineral, 105-13
286-87 303 phosphate, 95-96, 98-103,
sources of, 286 insulin-like growth factors 113-14
splanchnic bed and, 286-98, and, 397 phosphorus, 190
303 Honey
toxicity of, 303 fructose in, 21
H
Glutathione Hormones
splanchic glutamine metabol- allosteric control and, 466,
ism and, 296 Headaches 469-70, 474-75, 477-
GLUT tissue glucose transport- eicosanoids and, 46 78, 503
ers Heart Hydrochloric acid
genetic obesity and, 337-38, genetic obesity and, 337, 342 nonheme iron absorption and,
343 lipoprotein lipase and, 218
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate de- 3'P magnetic resonance spec- 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutary]
hydrogenase (GAPDH) troscopy and, 450-53 coenzyme A reductase
genetic obesity and, 332, Heme cholesterogenesis and, 271
341, 343 cytochrome P450 and, 157 Hyperammonemia
Glycerol vegetarian diet and, 64 arginine-free diet and, 241
genetic obesity and, 332 Hemoglobin Hyperlysinemia
Glycerophospholipids nonenzymatic glycosylation of enzyme defects and, 441-42
prostaglandin biosynthesis proteins and, 26 pipecolatemia and, 442-43
and, 49, 52-53, 55 Heparan sulfate proteoglycan Hyperphagia
Glycogen lipoprotein lipase and, 218, genetic obesity and, 327,
fructose and, 26-29 229-31 329-30, 332
metabolism of, 466, 470-504 Hepoxylins Hypertension
Glycolysis n-6 fatty acid conversion to, atherosclerosis and, 384
hepatic, 466-504 43 dietary habits and, 16
Glycoproteins Herbage analysis eicosanoids and, 46
sulfated, 221 for molybdenum, 133-35 vegetarian diet and, 72, 75
SUBJECT INDEX 523
Hypocaloric feeding receptors, 394-95 Kidneys
3!P magnetic resonance spec- secretion of, 394, 396-400, fluoride and, 310
troscopy and, 453-56 408 glutamine and, 286-89, 292-
Hypothalamic hormones synthesis of, 394, 396-400 93
eicosanoids and, 43 Insulin-like growth factor-II insulin-like growth factors
Hypothalamus (IGF-II) and, 397, 399
genetic obesity and, 328-30, actions of, 395-96 lipoprotein lipase and, 218
332, 344 characterization of, 393-94 taurine and, 247
obesity induction and, 325-26 receptors, 395 vegetarian diet and, 72
secretion of, 408 vitamin D metabolism and,
I Insulin-like growth factor bind- 190-94, 201
ing proteins (IGFBPs) Kwashiorkor
Ibuprofen insulin-like growth factor con- mixed function oxidases and,
prostagiandin inhibition and, trol by, 407-8 144-45
47 nutrition and, 405-7
Immunocompetency y-Interferon
L
taurine and, 247 vitamin D regulation of, 192
Immunodeficiency Interleukins
diabetes and, 335 glutamine and, 288, 297, 301 Lactate
Immunoglobulins vitamin D regulation of, 192 fructose and, 26, 28
glutamine and, 301-3 Intestinal tract glutamine and, 288
vitamin D regulation of, 192 cytochrome P450 in, 142 hepatic glycolysis/
Indoles glutamine in, 287-90, 292- gluconeogenesis and,
cruciferous vegetables and, 303 473, 489
152-53 total parenteral nutrition and, Lactation
Infants copper metabolism and, 32
EFA deficiencies in, 54 vitamin D receptors in, 192- energy requirements and,
energy requirements in, 365— 93 356-67, 370-71
71 Intracellular pools fructose and, 32
insulin-like growth factors buffering activity and, 99-100 serum lipids and, 386
and, 404 lodide vegetarian diet and, 68, 73-
lactation and, 365-67, 370-71 vegetarian diet and, 76 74, 76, 82
rickets in, 68, 205 Iron vitamin B,2 and, 67
total parenteral nutrition in, cat requirements for, 252-53 p-Lactic acidosis
94 copper trapping and, 132, total parenteral nutrition and,
vegetarian diet and, 70-71, 134 112
73-74, 76-77, 82 cytochrome P450 and, 157 Lactobacillus leichmanii
vitamin D deficiency in, 459 dietary intervention cautions vitamin B,2 assay and, 66
Zellweger syndrome and, and, 384 Lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet
442 dog requirements for, 252-53 calcium and, 68
Inflammatory response fat consumption and, 64 chronic degenerative diseases
eicosanoids and, 44, 46 manganese inhibitien of up- and, 72
Insulin take of, 71 definition of, 62
fructose and, 22-25, 27-29, semi-vegetarian diet and, 81 healthful patterns in, 81-82
sulphide trapping and, 131-32 life cycle and, 77-79
genetic obesity and, 327-30, vegetarian diet and, 62, 64- pregnancy and, 76
332-33, 335-43 65, 74-76, 78, 81-82 risk factors for disease and,
glutamine and, 290 zinc absorption and, 69 73
hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo- Iron deficiency anemia vitamin B,> and, 66-67
genesis and, 466-68, vegetarian diet and, 64-65, Lacto-vegetarian diet
471-72, 491, 493, 495- 75, 77 definition of, 62
98, 500-3 Isoleucine zinc and, 71
insulin-like growth factors cat requirements for, 245 Laxation
and, 394-95 dog requirements for, 245 vegetarian diet and, 71-72,
lipoprotein lipase and, 232 75
vitamin D and, 191, 192 Lead
K
Insulin-like growth factor-I cytochrome P450 and, 157
(IGF-I) Lean body mass
actions of, 395-96 a-Keto-n-aminocaproate genetic obesity and, 327
characterization of, 393-94 lysine conversion to, 438, Lecithin: cholesterol acyltrans-
insulin and, 394 ferase (LCAT)
plasma concentrations of, Ketones cholesteryl esterification and,
400-5 genetic obesity and, 327 279
524 SUBJECT INDEX
Legumes DNA-binding factors and, M
healthful omnivorous patterns 493-94
and, 81 fructose and, 25-27, 30, 32- Macrobiotic diet
L-pipecolic acid in, 436 33 definition of, 62
vegetarian diet and, 82-84 genetic obesity and, 327, disease treatment and, 79
Leucine 336-37, 339-41, 344 life cycle and, 77
cat requirements for, 244-46 glutamine and, 286-93, 295- Macrophages
dog requirements for, 245 99, 302-3 splanchnic glutamine metabol-
Leu-enkephalin glycolysis/gluconeogenesis ism and, 290
genetic obesity and, 331 and, 505 Magnesium
Leukotrienes insulin-like growth factors cat requirements for, 254-55
n-6 fatty acid conversion to, and, 397-98, 400, 406 cytochrome P450 and, 157
43-44 lipases and, 218, 279 dog requirements for, 254-55
synthesis of, 46 lipoproteins and, 277-79 fat consumption and, 64
Linoleic acid niacin and, 181-82 menstrual status and, 75
cytochrome P450 and, 147 31P magnetic resonance spec- 3'P magnetic resonance spec-
HUFAs and, 42 troscopy and, 450-51, troscopy and, 456, 459
vegetarian diet and, 70-71 459-61 total parenteral nutrition and,
Linolenic acid vitamin D and, 103, 190-91 94-95
vegetarian diet and, 70-71 VLDL synthesis inhibition Malaria
Lipid peroxides and, 175-76 World War II studies of, 5
fatty acid oxygenases and, 48 Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) Malnutrition
Lipids atherosclerosis and, 379-80 cytochrome P450 and, 152,
fructose effects on, 22, 30-34 cholesterol and, 12 157-58
metabolism of, 41 copper deficiency and, 266- insulin-like growth factors
prostaglandin biosynthesis 70, 280 and, 396, 404
and, 49-51, 54 fructose and, 32 vegetarian diet and, 73, 77
Lipolysis lipoprotein lipase and, 217 Mammary gland
niacin and, 173-75, 182 niacin and, 173, 175-78, lipoprotein lipase and, 218
Lipoprotein(a) 183 Manganese
niacin and, 176-77 Lung cancer cat requirements for, 254
Lipoprotein lipase vegetarian diet and, 72 copper trapping and, 132
carbohydrate composition of, Lungs dog requirements for, 254
220-21 cytochrome P450 in, 142 sulphide trapping and, 132
catalytic activity of, 225-26 glutamine and, 287, 304 total parenteral nutrition and,
copper deficiency and, 279 lipoprotein lipase and, 218 95
degradation of, 227-29, 231 vitamin D receptors in, vegetarian diet and, 71
functions of, 217-18 194 Mannose
genetic obesity and, 328, Luteinizing hormone (LH) lipoprotein lipase and, 220
332, 341-43 eicosanoids and, 43 Manometry
intracellular transport of, 225- Luteinizing hormone-releasing tissue respiration and, 2-3
27 hormone (LHRH) Margarine
molecular biology of, 222-24 eicosanoids and, 43 serum cholesterol levels and,
molecular weight of, 219-20 Lymphatic absorption 14-15
pathway of, 230 of cholesterol, 273-74 Mass spectroscopy
phosphatidylinositol anchor Lymphocytes triglyceride analysis and, 417
and, 231 splanchic glutamine metabol- Matrix gla protein
properties of, 219-20, 221 ism and, 290 vitamin D and, 192
purification of, 218-19 Lysine McArdle’s disease
regulation of, 231-33 arginine requirement and, exercise capacity and, 456,
secretion of, 225, 228 243 458
as sulfated glycoprotein, 221 carnitine and, 70 Meals
Lipoproteins cat requirements for, 245-46 thermic effect of, 356, 359-
atherosclerosis and, 9-10, 12 dog requirements for, 245-46
cholesterol and, 266-71, 276- hereditary metabolic disorders Meat
81 and, 441-43 cytochrome P450 and, 155
triglyceride-rich, 423, 425 functions of, 446 dietary fat and, 414
Liver L-pipecolic acid and, 435-40, in pet foods, 240
copper and, 126-27, 131, 445-46 serum cholesterol levels and,
134-35, 267, 270-81 saccharopine and, 437-39, 14
cytochrome P450 and, 142- 445 Meat analogues
51, 154, 156-59 structure of, 438 vegetarian diet and, 82, 85
SUBJECT INDEX 525
Megaloblastic anemia triglyceride, 425-29 physical properties of, 422-
vegetarian diet and, 65-67 uric acid, 22, 33-34 23, 426-27
Megaloblastic madness vitamin D, 103-4 tissue accumulation of, 421—
vitamin B,2 deficiency and, Metenkephalin 22
66 genetic obesity and, 330- transport of, 418-21
Megavitamin therapy 31 Monosaturated fats
deficiency states and, 170 Methionine dietary recommendations and,
niacin and, 182 acidification and, 255 63
Membrane biogenesis carnitine and, 70 Monounsaturated fats
fatty acids and, 44-46 cat requirements for, 241, dietary recommendations and,
Membrane integrity 243, 245 376
fatty acids and, 44-46 dog requirements for, 241, Multivitamins
Men 243, 245 total parenteral nutrition and,
cardiovascular disease in, 10, hypercholesteremia and, 9 94
13, 377-80, 382 Methotrexate Muscle
cholesterol levels in, 15 glutamine supplementation genetic obesity and, 328,
energy supplementation and, and, 300, 302 337-38
364-65 3-Methylhistidine insulin-like growth factors
obesity and, 358, 361-62 genetic obesity and, 327 and, 397
Menstruation Methylxanthines 3!P magnetic resonance spec-
vegetarian diet and, 75 cytochrome P450 and, 154 troscopy and, 450-59,
Mercury ['*CjMevalonate 461-62
cytochrome P450 and, 157 cholesterogenesis and, 272- Myelin
Messenger RNA (mRNA) 73 vitamin B,2 deficiency and,
adipsin, 333-35 Mice 65-66
apolipoprotein, 280 genetic obesity and, 326-31, Myocardial infarction
calcitonin, 335 333-40, 343-44 “arm chair” treatment and, 17
cytochrome P450, 148-49 insulin-like growth factors early, 385-86
GAPDH, 341 HUFAs and, 55
glucokinase, 500-1, 503 Milk Myoglobinuria
growth hormone, 331-32 iron absorption and, 65 enzyme defect and, 456
insulin, 339-40 lipoprotein lipase and, 218- Myophosphorylase
insulin-like growth factor, 21, 224 deficiency of, 456, 458
395, 397-400 serum cholesterol levels and, Myristic acid
lipoprotein lipase, 218, 222, 14 serum cholesterol levels and,
232, 342 vegetarian diet and, 66-68, ll
PEPCK, 490, 495, 502 82, 84
preneuropeptide Y, 329-30 Mineralocorticoids N
prolactin, 331 vitamin D and, 199
pyruvate kinase, 474, 491, Minerals Neurological function
493-94, 502-3 cat requirements for, 250-56 cystine and, 247
tissue glucose transporter, dog requirements for, 250-56 familial hyperlysinemia and,
337-38 metabolism of, 94-95, 113- 441
vitamin D, 193, 196-97, 202 115 taurine and, 247
Metabolic acidosis total parenteral nutrition and, vitamin B,2 and, 65-66
splanchnic glutamine metabol- 94-95, 105-15 Neuropeptide Y (NPY)
ism and, 292-93 Mixed function oxidases genetic obesity and, 329-31,
Metabolism biliary steroid excretion and, 343
bone, 94-95, 103-5, 107-15 Neurospora spp.
calcium, 68 cytochrome P450 and, 142- lysine and, 437, 439
copper, 22, 32-34 50, 155-57, 159 Neurotensin
drug, 143-59 Molybdenosis genetic obesity and, 330
energy, 356-71 risks of, 133-35 Niacin
fluoride, 310 treatment of, 136 agonists and, 180
fructose, 21-34 Molybdenum antagonists and, 180
glutamine, 285-98, 302-3 thiomolybdates and, 122, biotransformation patterns
hepatic, 466-505 124-137 and, 172-73
lipid, 22, 30-32, 34, 41 toxicity of, 122, 129 cat requirements for, 256
lipoprotein, 276-80 Monoglycerides cholesterol and, 172, 175-78,
lysine-pipecolate, 435-46 absorption of, 418, 420 183
mineral, 94-95, 113-15 digestion of, 418-19 drug activity of, 170-84
obesity and, 326, 338 metabolism of, 428 fat consumption and, 64
526 SUBJECT INDEX
fibrinolysis and, 179 Osteomalacia Pet foods
future studies and, 182-84 fluoride and, 311, 313-14 ingredients of, 240, 248-56
megadoses of, 182 total parenteral nutrition and, Phaseolus vulgaris
as nutrient, 171-72 94, 111-13, 115 lysine and, 439-40
pharmacologic actions of, vegetarian diet and, 68 Phenylalanine
173-82 vitamin D and, 205 cat requirements for, 245
structure-activity relationships Osteopenia dog requirements for, 245
and, 180 total parenteral nutrition and, Phosphate
toxicity of, 182 111, 113 iron absorption and, 64-65
triglyceride and, 175, 177, Osteoporosis total parenteral nutrition and,
183 calcium and, 68 94-96, 98-103, 107-8,
vasodilation and, 172, 178- fluoride and, 309-20 111, 113
79, 183 total parenteral nutrition and, PFhho sp * Jye loth 1
Nicotinamide 115 synthesis of, 45-46
see Niacin vegetarian diet and, 72, 79 Phosphatidylinositol
Nicotinic acid Overfeeding cell anchorage and, 231
see Niacin energy expenditure and, 361— Phosphoenolpyruvate
Nitrogen 63 hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo-
arginine and, 243 Oxalates genesis and, 468-69,
glutamine and, 286-88, 292, iron absorption and, 65 471, 473-75, 488-89
300 zinc absorption and, 71 Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxyki-
insulin-like growth factors Oxalic acid nase (PEPCK)
and, 400-5 vegan diet and, 68 hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo-
Norepinephrine Oxidation genesis and, 466-67,
fructose intake and, 29 carbohydrate, 25-26 488-92, 495-97, 501-4
Nuts Oxygen 6-Phosphofructo- 1-kinase
vegetarian diet and, 82-84 doubly labeled water method hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo-
and, 357 genesis and, 466-67,
469-70, 473-75, 477-
Oo
78, 481-82, 484-86,
P
488-92, 496-97, 502-3
Obesity 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase
atherosclerosis and, 386 Painful lower extremity syn- hepatic glycolysis/gluconeo-
cholesterol levels and, 381 drome geneis and, 471-74,
energy requirements and, fluoride therapy and, 318-19 477-79, 482-86, 489-
358-63 Palmitic acid 90, 497-501, 503-4
fructose intake and, 22 serum cholesterol levels and, Phosphofructokinases
genetic, 325-44 deficiency of, 461
overfeeding and, 361-63 Palmitoleate evolution of, 479
vegetarian diet and, 74 synthesis of, 49 Phosphoglycerate mutase
Occupancy theory Palm oil hepatic glycolysis/
drug activity and, 170 healthful omnivorous patterns gluconeogenesis and,
Oils and, 81 485-87, 483, 502
composition of, 417 Pancreas Phospholipids
melting of, 417 genetic obesity and, 326-27, copper and, 267-68
Omnivorous diet 331, 336, 338-40, 344 Phosphorus
healthful patterns in, 80-81 glutamine and, 289-90, 302- cat requirements for, 251-52
Opioid peptides 3 dog requirements for, 251-
genetic obesity and, 328, vitamin D receptors in, 194 52
330-31 Pancreatic lipase fat consumption and, 64
Oral contraceptives triglycerides and, 415, 417- iron absorption and, 65
cholesterol levels and, 381 20 partition of in blood, 2
Organic matter Pantothenic acid vegetarian diet and, 78, 82
ruminant nutrition and, 131 tissue respiration and, 8 vitamin D and, 190-91
Ornithine Parathyroid gland Phosphorus magnetic resonance
cat requirements for, 241-42 vitamin D receptors in, 193 spectroscopy (?'P MRS)
Orotic aciduria Parathyroid hormone (PTH) bioenergetic state and, 456,
enzyme deficiencies and, 442 total parenteral nutrition and, 461-62
Osteocalcin 95-104, 111, 114 characterization of, 449-53
total parenteral nutrition and, vitamin D and, 191-92 liver observations and, 450—-
100, 110 Pellagra 51, 459-61
vitamin D and, 192-93, 202- niacin and, 170 muscle observations and,
4, 208-9 tryptophan and, 170 450-62