Annual Plant Reviews, The Moss Physcomitrella patens (Volume 36)

386 Pages·2009·8.92 MB·English

by  Celia Knight

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ANNUAL PLANT REVIEWS
VOLUME 36
i
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ii
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ANNUAL PLANT REVIEWS
The Moss Physcomitrella patens
Edited by
Celia D. Knight
CentreforPlantSciences,FacultyofBiologicalSciences,University
ofLeeds,Leeds,LS29JT,UK
Pierre-Franc¸ois Perroud
DepartmentofBiology, CB#1137,OneBrookingsDrive,Washington
University,St.Louis,MO63130-4899, USA
and
David J. Cove
CentreforPlantSciences,FacultyofBiologicalSciences,University
ofLeeds,Leeds,LS29JT,UK,and
DepartmentofBiology, CB#1137,OneBrookingsDrive,Washington
University,St.Louis,MO63130-4899, USA
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
iii
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Thiseditionfirstpublished2009
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
ThemossPhyscomitrellapatens/editedbyCeliaKnight,Pierre-Franc¸oisPerroud,
andDavidCove.
p.cm.–(Annualplantreviews;v.36)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-4051-8189-1(hardback:alk.paper) 1.Physcomitrellapatens. 2.Mosses.
3.Biology.I.Knight,Celia. II.Perroud,Pierre-Franc¸ois. III.Cove,David. IV.Series.
QK535.M67 2009
(cid:2)
588.2–dc22
2008044709
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
(cid:1)
Setin10/12ptPalatinobyAptaraR Inc.,NewDelhi,India
PrintedinSingapore
1 2009
iv
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AnnualPlantReviews
Aseriesforresearchersandpostgraduatesintheplantsciences.Eachvolume
inthisseriesfocusesonathemeoftopicalimportanceandemphasisisplaced
onrapidpublication.
EditorialBoard:
Prof.JeremyA.Roberts(Editor-in-Chief),PlantScienceDivision,Schoolof
Biosciences,UniversityofNottingham,SuttonBoningtonCampus,
Loughborough,Leicestershire,LE125RD,UK;
DrDavidEvans,SchoolofBiologicalandMolecularSciences,Oxford
BrookesUniversity,Headington,Oxford,OX30BP;
Prof.HidemasaImaseki,Obata-Minami2419,Moriyama-ku,Nagoya463,
Japan;
DrMichaelT.McManus,InstituteofMolecularBioSciences,Massey
University,PalmerstonNorth,NewZealand;
DrJocelynK.C.Rose,DepartmentofPlantBiology,CornellUniversity,
Ithaca,NewYork14853,USA.
Titlesintheseries:
1. Arabidopsis
EditedbyM.AndersonandJ.A.Roberts
2. BiochemistryofPlantSecondaryMetabolism
EditedbyM.Wink
3. FunctionsofPlantSecondaryMetabolitesandtheirExploitationin
Biotechnology
EditedbyM.Wink
4. MolecularPlantPathology
EditedbyM.DickinsonandJ.Beynon
5. VacuolarCompartments
EditedbyD.G.RobinsonandJ.C.Rogers
6. PlantReproduction
EditedbyS.D.O’NeillandJ.A.Roberts
7. Protein–ProteinInteractionsinPlantBiology
EditedbyM.T.McManus,W.A.LaingandA.C.Allan
8. ThePlantCellWall
EditedbyJ.K.C.Rose
9. TheGolgiApparatusandthePlantSecretoryPathway
EditedbyD.G.Robinson
10. ThePlantCytoskeletoninCellDifferentiationandDevelopment
EditedbyP.J.Hussey
11. Plant–PathogenInteractions
EditedbyN.J.Talbot
12. PolarityinPlants
EditedbyK.Lindsey
13. Plastids
EditedbyS.G.Moller
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14. PlantPigmentsandtheirManipulation
EditedbyK.M.Davies
15. MembraneTransportinPlants
EditedbyM.R.Blatt
16. IntercellularCommunicationinPlants
EditedbyA.J.Fleming
17. PlantArchitectureandItsManipulation
EditedbyCGNTurnbull
18. Plasmodesmata
EditedbyK.J.Oparka
19. PlantEpigenetics
EditedbyP.Meyer
20. FloweringandItsManipulation
EditedbyC.Ainsworth
21. EndogenousPlantRhythms
EditedbyA.HallandH.McWatters
22. ControlofPrimaryMetabolisminPlants
EditedbyW.C.PlaxtonandM.T.McManus
23. BiologyofthePlantCuticle
EditedbyM.Riederer
24. PlantHormoneSignaling
EditedbyP.HaddenandS.G.Thomas
25. PlantCellSeparationandAdhesion
EditedbyJ.R.RobertsandZ.Gonzalez-Carranza
26. SenescenceProcessesinPlants
EditedbyS.Gan
27. SeedDevelopment,DormancyandGermination
EditedbyK.J.BradfordandH.Nonogaki
28. PlantProteomics
EditedbyC.Finnie
29. RegulationofTranscriptioninPlants
EditedbyK.Grasser
30. LightandPlantDevelopment
EditedbyG.Whitelam
31. PlantMitochondria
EditedbyD.C.Logan
32. CellCycleControlandPlantDevelopment
EditedbyD.Inz’e
33. IntracellularSignalinginPlants
EditedbyZ.Yang
34. MolecularAspectsofPlantDiseaseResistance
EditedbyJaneParker
35. PlantSystemsBiology
EditedbyG.CoruzziandR.Gutie´rrez
36. TheMossPhyscomitrellapatens
EditedbyC.D.Knight,P.-F.PerroudandD.J.Cove
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CONTENTS
Contributors x
Preface xiii
Glossary xv
1 PuttingPhyscomitrellapatensontheTreeofLife:TheEvolution
andEcologyofMosses 1
BrentD.MishlerandMelvinJ.Oliver
1.1 IntroductiontoPhyscomitrella 1
1.2 ThepositionofP.patensontheTreeofLife 2
1.3 Relationshipswithinthemosses 4
1.4 Evolutionandecologyofthemosses 6
1.5 Generalimplicationsforevolutionaryprocessesinmosses 12
2 TheGeneticBasisofNaturalVariationinBryophyteModelSystems 16
StuartF.McDaniel
2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 Geneticvariationamongbryophytepopulations 17
2.3 Mappinggenesunderlyingnaturalvariants 26
2.4 Assigninggenestophenotypes 32
3 ComparativeGenomics 42
StefanA.Rensing,DanielLang,andAndreasD.Zimmer
3.1 Introduction 42
3.2 AshorthistoryofP.patensgenomics 47
3.3 FeaturesoftheP.patensnucleargenome 52
3.4 Comparisonswithseedplantsandalgae 60
3.5 ComputationalresourcesforP.patens 66
3.6 Conclusionsandoutlook 67
4 Genetargeting 76
YasukoKamisugiandAndrewC.Cuming
4.1 Introduction 76
4.2 Genetargetingineukaryotes 77
4.3 GenetargetinginP.patens:practicalaspects 81
4.4 Targetedgenereplacementversustargetedinsertion 96
4.5 Mechanismsofgenetargeting 98
4.6 Unansweredquestionsandfutureprospects 105
vii
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viii (cid:1) Contents
5 TheSmallRNAsofPhyscomitrellapatens:Expression,Function
andEvolution 113
MichaelJ.Axtell
5.1 IntroductiontosmallRNAs 113
5.2 ClassesofsmallsilencingRNAs 114
5.3 ExpressionofP.patenssmallRNAs 118
5.4 BiogenesisofP.patenssmallRNAs:Dicers,Slicersand
otherutensils 127
5.5 TargetsofP.patenssmallRNAs 130
5.6 EvolutionofplantmiRNAs 133
5.7 Conclusions 137
6 TipGrowthintheMossPhyscomitrellapatens 143
MagdalenaBezanillaandPierre-Franc¸oisPerroud
6.1 Introduction 143
6.2 Morphologyandstructureofatipcell 144
6.3 Environmentalsignalsaffectingpolarcellelongation 147
6.4 Cellularstructuralcomponentsinvolvedinpolarcell
elongation 149
7 GametangiaDevelopmentintheMossPhyscomitrellapatens 167
RumikoKofuji,TakeshiYoshimura,HarukoInoue,KeikoSakakibara,
YujiHiwatashi,TetsuyaKurata,TsuyoshiAoyama,KunihikoUeda,
andMitsuyasuHasebe
7.1 Introduction 168
7.2 Developmentofthegametangia 169
7.3 Developmentofthegametangiaafterfertilizationis
accompaniedbygrowthofthesporophyte 171
7.4 Gene-traplineswithGUSexpressioninthegametangia 171
7.5 Futureprospects 173
8 Chloroplasts 182
MamoruSugitaandSetsuyukiAoki
8.1 ChloroplastsofPhyscomitrellapatens 183
8.2 PlastidDNA 185
8.3 TranscriptionofplastidgenesbytwoplastidRNA
polymerasesPEPandNEP 189
8.4 RhythmicexpressionoftheplastidPsbdgene 194
8.5 Post-transcriptionalregulationinplastids 196
8.6 Plastidtransformation 198
8.7 Chloroplastimport 199
8.8 Plastiddivision 200
8.9 Chloroplastmovement 202