Annotated Bibliographies of Mineral Deposits in Europe. Western and South Central Europe

457 Pages·1990·5.754 MB·English

by  J.D. Ridge (Auth.)

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Annotated Bibliographies
of Mineral Deposits
in Europe
PART 2
Western and South Central Europe
JOHN DREW RIDGE
Past President of the International Association
on the Genesis of Ore Deposits
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida, USA
PERGAMON PRESS
Member of Maxwell Macmillan Pergamon Publishing Corporation
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Copyright © 1990 John D. Ridge
All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any
form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without
permission in writing from the publishers.
First English edition 1990
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Ridge, John Drew, 1909- .
Annotated bibliographies of mineral deposits in Europe.
Abstract in French, German, Russian, and Spanish.
Includes indexes.
Contents: pt. 1. Northern Europe including examples
from the USSR in both Europe and Asia—pt 2. Western and
South Central Europe.
1. Bibliography—Bibliography—Ore-deposits—Europe.
2. Ore-deposits—Europe—Bibliography.
I. Title.
Z6738.075R49 1984 016.5534'094 83-17833
[TN55]
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Ridge, John Drew
Annotated bibliographies of mineral deposits in Europe.
Pt 2: Western and South Central Europe
1. Europe. Mineral deposits—Bibliographies
I. Title
016.553'094
ISBN 0-08-030243-2 Volume 2
ISBN 0-08-024022-4 (set)
Printed in Great Britain by BPCC Wheatons Ltd, Exeter
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
In a work such as this, which contains data on the geology of many
mines or mining districts, most of these data were obtained from published
papers. Also, I have visited most of the districts discussed, so I have
some personal knowledge of their geology. Some of these observations
were made as much as 33 years ago, so the notes I took at the time of
my visits were vital in reminding me of what I saw and what I thought
about what I had seen. If I were to try to list all of the mining geologists
and mine managers who made these visits possible and who devoted their
time to trying to educate me as to what they thought the geologic picture
of their districts to be* I undoubtedly would omit the names of some
geologists to whom my debts are as great as to those who are listed.
I have, therefore, not attempted to do so.
Several libraries in this country have been most useful to me and
in which the various librarians have been most helpful. Outstanding among
these are Barbara £happell, Head of the Reference and Circulation Departments
f
at the U.S. Geological Survey s Library at Reston, Virginia. It is certain
that without her help and guidance, this volume and those that preceeded
it never would have been written. I am equally in debt to Carol Horan
Messick of that same Library who took over the solution of my problems
while Mrs Chappell was away for nearly a year on a special assignment
and made certain that there was no hiatus in my ability to use that wonderful
Library.
It also is a pleasure to acknowledge my debt to the College of Earth
and Mineral Sciences at The Pennsylvania State University, the Faculty
of which College I was a member from 1947 to 1975. The current Dean,
Dr John A Dutton, and his predecessor, Dr. Charles H. Hosier, now Vice
President for Research and Dean of the Graduate School at Penn State have
furnished me xeroxed copies of papers not otherwise available to me that have
been vital in preparing the notes for several of the deposits discussed
in this Volume. The actual work of locating and duplicating these reprints
was done by the Earth and Mineral Sciences Librarians under the direction
of Emilie T McWilliams and her principal assistant, Helen Bokach; to all
of these I owe my thanks.
Again, the final typing of the manuscript of this Volume I did myself
with the result that many errors crept into the Volume that a professional
typist would have caught and eliminated. The final typing for publication
was done at the Pergamon plant at Oxford, and the maps were drawn from
my rough sketches by the cartographers at Headington Hill Hall. To these
typists and cartographers, I owe my thanks. Mr. P. A. Henn, Senior Managing
Editor, Physical Sciences and Mrs. Catherine Shephard, Acquisitions Editor,
Physical Sciences who acted successively as my Editors and guided this
work from its birth to its final placing in print, I am most pleased to
offer my sincere thanks.
Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A. 32605, U.S.A. July 1988
References Cited
Barnes, H. L., 1979, Solubilities of ore minerals, in Barnes
H. L., Editor, Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Minerals, 2nd Ed.,
Wiley-Intersciences, N.Y., Chap. 8, p. 404-460
vii
viii Annotated Bibliographies of Mineral Deposits
Oftedahl, Ch., 1958, A theory of exhalative-sedimentary ores:
Geol. F8rh., v. 80, 1(492), p. 1-19; v. 81, 1959, Replies and
discussions, 1(496), p. 139-144
Weir, R.H., Jr., 1987, Mineralogic, fluid inclusion, and stable
isotope studies of several gold mines in the Mother Lode,
Tuolmne and Mariposa counties: Econ. Geol,, v. 82, p. 328-344
ABSTRACT
As was true of the three volumes of this series that preceded this one,
these bibliographies and the notes that accompany them have been prepared to
aid the economic geologist in the study of ore deposits; they certainly will
not do all his work for him. For example, she (or he) will have to consult
the literatures if no farther than to find geologic maps and sections in one
or more of the references given. Maps and sections have not been included
here as both the cost of doing so and the time involved would be so great as
to make the task of preparing them prohibitably time consuming and financially
out of reason.
I have tried to include all the references that I could find in print
that would be needed to enable the student to obtain a real understanding of
all the Western and South-Central European ore deposits discussed in this
Volume. Those selected are ones in which the literature, in the most used
languages of Western Europe, is sufficient to permit study in some detail by
the student, particularly one whose linguistic training has gone beyond the
required "two foreign languages" of the usual North American Graduate School
Program.
The references placed in this Volume are more often in English than
would have been the case if this work had been written even as short a time
as ten years ago. Although English is becoming more and more the universal
language of geology, certainly such a work as this could not have been
prepared or used by a student unless his French and German are quite good.
Even today, for most understandable reasons, it is rare for a paper by a French
ore geologist to be written in any other language than French, and the
work of French ore geologists is being done on deposits in countries of
Western Europe, other than France. With a sound knowledge of French, how-
ever, it does not require much additional work to become largely familiar
with geologic Spanish (the easiest language of all those needed for work
with the western European geologic literature), Italian, and Portuguese.
It is a little late to advise those established ore geologists who are
interested in a detailed study of any of the ore deposits of Western Europe
to begin a study of these languages. Fortunately, however, learning to
read the geologic literature in the romance languages or even German is
much easier than learning French well enough to read such works as Camus's
"La Peste" or German sufficiently to read Goethe's "Wilhelm Meister" or
even his perfect poem "An den Mond." Much of the geologic vocabularly
in these languages is similar enough to that of English that building the
necessary vocabulary is not a matter of great difficulty. Also included
is a translation of the Abstract into Russian for the benefit of our colleagues
in Eastern Europe.
Of course, the close juxatposition of one Western European country
to another largely removes the language problem from those faced by a
European geologist.
These notes are designed to show: (1) where a given deposit is and
the grade and tonnage of the ore it has produced and may have in reserve;
(2) the stratigraphy and structure of the rocks of the district, sedimentary,
igneous, and metamorphic; (3) the characteristics of the ores bodies in
relation to stratigraphy and structure and to ore and gangue minerals;
(4) information bearing on the age of the deposit; (5) the manner (or
possible manners) in which it could have been formed; and (6) the reasons
for its being placed in the category in the modified Lindgren Classification
here assigned to it. I must emphasize again that any serious student of
ore deposits must do much more in his work on any deposit in this area
than read these notes.
1
2 Annotated Bibliographies of Mineral Deposits
Several indices are provided in the back of this Volume; these list;
(1) the authors of the papers cited in these references; (2) the names
of the deposits given in the references or in the notes; (3) the metals
and minerals produced from each deposit; (4) the ages of the various
deposits; and (5) the classifications of the various deposits. All indices
are arranged according to the English alphabet.
Outline maps also are included to snow where the deposits discussed
are in relation to the general boundaries of the countries in which they
are contained and to the locations of major cities.
Z usammenfassung
Wie bei den drei vorhergehended Banden dieser Serie wurden diese
Bibliographien und die sie begleitenden Bemerkungen geschrieben, urn dem
Lagerstattenkundler bei der Untersuchung von Erzlagerstaten zu helfen;
jedoch werden sie ihm sicher nicht alle Arbeit abnehmen. Zum Beispiel wird
sie (oder er) die zitierten Schriften, wenn nicht noch weitere, durchsuchen
mlissen nach geologischen Karten und Profilen, die aus Kosten- und
Zeitgrunden nich mit erfasst worden sind.
Ich habe versucht, nach Moglichkeit alle die Arbeiten zu erfassen, die den
Leser in die Lage versetzen wurden, alle in diesem Band erwahnten
ErzlagerstStten in Westeuropa und im sudlichen Mitteleuropa wirklich zu
verstehen. Es wurden solche Lagerstatten ausgewahlt, fur die ausreichend
viele Arbeiten in den gangigen westeuropaischen Sprachen vorliegen, so dass
der Leser - besonders wenn seine Kenntnisse \iber die im nordamerikanischen
Fortgeschrittenenstudium geforderten "zwei Fremdsprachen" hinausgehen - sie
etwas eingehender studieren kann.
Die in diesem Band zitierten Arbeiten sind haufiger in Englisch, als es bei
Abfassung dieses Buches selbst vor zehn Jahren der Fall gewesen ware.
Obwohl Englisch mehr und mehr die Weltsprache der Geologie wird, konnte ein
Buch wie dieses sicherlich nicht geschreiben (oder vom Leser benutz) werden
ohne ziemlich gute Franzc5sisch- und Deutschkenntnisse. Selbst heute ist es
fur einen franzosischen Lagerstattenkundler ungewohnlich, in einer anderen
Sprache als Franzosisch zu schreiben, aus gut verstandiichen Griinden. Hinzu
kommt, dass franzosische Wissenschaftler Lagerstatten auch in
westeuropaischen Landern ausserhalb Frankreichs bearbeiten. Bei guten
franzozischen Sprachkenntnissen ist jedoch kaum zusatzliche Miihe
erforderlich, urn geologische Texte in Spanisch (der einfachsten
Fremdsprache zur Beschaftigung mit westeuropaischer geologischer
Literatur), Italienisch und Portuguesisch zu verstehen. Es ist ein wenig zu
spat, den erfahrenen Lagerstattenkundlern, die westeuropaische
ErzlagerstStten naher kennen lernen wollen, jetzt das Studium dieser
Sprachen nahezulegen. Zum Gluck ist das Lesenlernen geologischer Litertur
in den romanischen Sprachen und sogar in Deutsch wesentlich einfacher, als
das Erlernen des Franzosischen zum Verstandnis von "La Peste" von Camus
bzw. das des Deutschen fur Goethe's "Wilhelm Meister" oder auch nur flir
sein grossartiges Gedicht "An den mond". Viele geologische Fachausdr'ucke
in diesen Sprachen sind ahnlich wie im Englischen, so dass der notwendige
Wortschatz ohne grosse Schwierigkeit gebildet werden kahn. Fur unsere
Kollegen in Osteuropa wurde die Zusammenfassung auch ins Russische
ubersetzt.
Abstract 3
Naturlich mildert die enge Nachbarschaft der westeuropaischen Lander das
Sprachenproblem der europ&ischen Geologen.
Die Bemerkungen in diesem Band sollen zeigen:
(1) wo befindet sich die Erzlagerst'atte, wie sind ihre Gehalte und
Erzmengen (abgebaut Oder noch vorratig)
(2) wie sind die Stratigraphie und der Gesteinscharakter des Bezirks
(sedimentar, magmatisch, metamorph)
(3) wie sind die Kennzeichen der Erzkorper inbezug auf Stratigraphie,
Gesteinscharakter, Erz und Gangart
(4) welche Hinweise gibt es fur das Alter der Lagerstatte
(5) nach welchem(n) genetischen Modell(en) hat sich die Lagerstatte gebildet
(6) welche Grlinde fiihrten zur Klassifikation nach dem modifizierten
Lindgren-Schema.
Ich muss noch einmal betonen, dass jeder ernsthafte Bearbeiter irgendeiner
Erzlagestatte in diesem Gebiet wesentlich mehr tun muss, als nur diese
Bemerkungen zu lesen.
Die Register am Ende dieses Bandes enthalten:
(1) die Autoren der zitierten Arbeiten
(2) die Namen der Erzlagerstatten, die in den Arbeiten oder in den
Bemerkungen erwahnt sind
(3) die Metalle und Wertminerale, die von jeder Lagerstatte gewonnen werden
(4) das Alter der verschiedenen Erzlagerstatten
(5) die Klassifikation der jeweiligen Lagerstatte.
Alle Register folgen dem englischen Alphabet.
Ubersichtskarten zeigen, wo die besprochen Erzlagerstatten liegen, bezogen
auf die Landergrenzen und die grosseren Stadte.
Translation prepared by Dr. Hansgeorg Forster, Rhein.-Westf. Techn.
Hochschule, Aachen, BRD
RESUMO
Como se dexiou dito nos tr£s volumes que precederam este, as referencias
bibliograficas e as notas que as acompanham foram preparadas para
facilitar, ao especialista em geologia economica, o estudo de jazigos
minerals; apesar do nosso desejo, nem tudo ihe e facilitado. Por exemplo,
tera de recorrer a respectiva literatura, mais que nao seja, para encontrar
mapas geologicos e cortes em uma ou mais das referencias apresentadas. Nao
se incluiram, nesta bibliografia, mapas e cortes por o custo e o tempo
necessario para isso serem tao elevados que o tornavam absolutamente
proibitivo.
Procurei incluir todas as referencias, que encontrei publicadas, que
possibilitassem, ao estudioso, obter uma compreensao correcta dos jazigos
referentes a Europa Ocidental e Centro-Sul, discutidos neste volume. As
referencias selaccionadas sab aquelas cuja leitura, nas linguas mais usadas
na Europa Ocidental, e suficiente para permitir o estudo com urn certo
detalhe, particularmente para aquelas cujo treino linguistico ultrapasse o
normal das "duas linguas estrangeiras" exigido no programa habitual das
escolas superiores norte-americanas.
Predominam neste volume as referencias em ingles, o gue^nao teria sido o
caso se este trabalho tivesse sido realizado mesmo so ha dez anos atras.
Apesar do ingles estar a tornar-se cada vez maid a lingua universal em
geologia certamente uma publigao como a presence nunca podia ter sido
4 Annotated Bibliographies of Mineral Deposits
preparada (ou utilizada pelo estudioso) caso o seu francos e alemao riao
fos* sem bons. Mesmo hoje, por muitas razoes compreensiveis, e raro que urn
trabalho de geologo francos seja publicado noutra lingua que a sua, apesar
de geologos franees trabalhenam em jazigos de outros paises da Europa
Ocidental alem da Franca. Com urn bom conhecimento de f ranees riao e
necessario muito esfor<Jo para se familiarizarem com a linguagem geologica
espanhola (a mais facil de todas as linguas necessarias para trabalhar com
a literatura geologica da Europa Ocidental), italiana e portugesa.
E extemporaneo aconselhar geologos ja experimentados e que estejam
interessados no estudo detalhado de qualquer jazigo mineral da Europa
Ocidental, a comecjarem a aprender aquelas linguas. Felizmente, aprender a
linguagem geologica em linguas romanicas ou ate em alemao e bastante mais
facil, contudo, que que aprender franees suficientemente bem para
compreender obras como "Las Peste" de Camus ou alemao, de igual modo bem,
para ler "Wilhem Meister" de Goethe ou ate o seu belo poema "An den Mond".
A maior parte do vocabulario geologico naquelas linguas e de certo modo
semelhante ao ingles, nab sendo dificil a sua compreensao.
E claro que na Europa, a justaposiqjao de paises com linguas diferentes
diminui muito o problema linguistico em relacao a outros problemas
encontrados pelo geologo europeu.
Inclui-se uma traducjab em russo do resumo para facilitar o trablho aos
colegas da Europa de Leste.
As notas ,_que acompanham estas bibliografias, tern por fim esclarecer: (1) a
localizacjao do jazigo mecionado e a quantidade e teor do minerio produzido
e reservas provaveis; (2) estratigrafia e estrutura das rochas da regiao,
sedimentares, igneas ou metamorficas; (3) caracteristicas dos corpos
mineramizados em relaga com a estratigrafia e a estrutura e com o minerio e
as gangas; (4) informacSo sobre a idade do jazigo; (5) condicjoes em que se
formaram (ou possiveis hipoteses); e (6) justificacjao da classificacio que
lhe e atribuida na classificao modificada de Lindgren.
Devo salientar que qualquer estusdioso consciente de jazigos minerals tera
de se esfor<jar pessolamente com o estudo de qualquer destes jazigos e riao
se limitar ^ leitura destas notas.
Incluem-se varios indices no fim deste volume; referem-se: (1) aos autores
dos trabalhos citados nestas bibliografias; (2) aos nomes dos jazigos
citados nas referencias bibliograficas ou nas notas; (3) aos metais e
minerals produzidos por cada jazigo; (4) a idade dos diferentes jazigos, e
(5) a classifica^ao dos v varios jazigos. Todos os indices estao ordenados
segundo o alfabeto ingles.
Incluem-se tambem esquemas geograficos para localizacao dos jazigos
minerals citados em rela^ao as fronteiras nacionais e as cidades mais
importantes.
Translation prepared by Professor Dr. Decio Thadeu, Rua Alyes Redol 17 -
IDTO, 1000 Lisbon 1 PORTUGAL
Pr6logo
Al igual que en los tres voldmenes precedentes de esta serie, las
referencias bibliograficas y las observaciones que les aconpaftan tienen por
objeto ayudar a los geologos economistas en su estudio de los yacimientos
minerales. Evidentemente, estas informaciones no van a evitarles su
Abstract 5
trabajo, ya que los getflogos en ejercicio tendran que acudir a la
bibliograffa para consultar los mapas y las secciones geologicas contenidas
en algunas de las referencias que se citan; pero el tiempo y el coste
requeridos para reproducir dichas informaciones hahria sido tan grande como
para hacer imposible la publicacion de esta obra a los precios actuales.
Se ha procurado incluir aqui todas las referencias disponibles que se
estiman necesarias para que los geologos interesados puedan llegas a tener
un conocimiento preciso de los yacimientos minerales de Europa Occidental y
Centromeridional a los que se alude en este volumen. Las referencias
seleccionadas son todas las que, utilizando las lenguas ma's comunes en
Europa Occidental describen dichos yacimientos con cierto detalle, y se
dirigen especialmente a los profesionales cuyos conocimientos lingufsticos
van mas alia de los "dos idiomas extranjeros" exigidos normalmente en
Norteamerica en los planes de estudio paragraduados.
Las referencias en ingles incluidas en este volumen son mucho mas numerosas
que lo hubieran sido hace diez ahos. Entonces, un investigador necesitaba
tener un buen conocimiento del franees y el aleman porque, tal y como
ocurre todavia hoy, y por razones faciles de comprender, no es frecuente
que, por ejemplo, un geologo economista franees escriba en otro idioma que
no sea el suyo, incluso en el caso de que su trabajo se desarrolle en otros
paises de Europa occidental. Sin embargo, cuando se teine un buen
conocimiento del franees geologico, no es necesario esforzarse mucho para
llegar a familiarizarse plenamente con el espanol (el idioma mas facil de
todos los que se necesitan para consultar la literatura geologica de Europa
occidental), italiano y portugues. Pues es evidente que a un geologo
veterano no se le puede decir que empiece a estudiar estos idiomas cuanda
tenga que realizar el estudio detallado de un yacimiento de Europa
occidental. Afortunadamente, llegar a comprender las publicaciones
geologicas en lenguas romanicas, o incluso aleman, es mucho mas sencillo
que aprender el franees o el aleman necesarios para leer "La Peste" de
Camus o el "Wilhenn Meister" de Goethe, o simplemente su magnif ico poema
"An den Mond". En cualquiera de estos idiomas los vocabularios geologicos
son tan parecidos al ingles que no es diffcil llegar a dominarlos,
especialmente porque la proximidad geografica de los paises de Europa
occidental contribuye mucho a resolver los problemas del idioma. Por este
mismo motivo, y en beneficio de nuestros colgas de Europa oriental, se
acompaha una traduccioh al ruso de este prologo.
Las observaciones que se incluyen tienen por objeto informar sobre: (1) la
localizacion de los yacimientos y la ley y el tonelaje del mineral
producido y las reservas; (2) J.a litologia y estructura de las rocas
sedimentarias, igneas y metamorficas de la region; (3) las caracterrsticas
de los yacimientos en relacion con las estratigrafia y la tectonica, y la
composicion de la mena y la ganga; (4) la edad del yacimiento; (5) el
origen o los modos de formacion; y (6) los motivos por los que se ha
colocado un determinado yacimiento en uno de los grupos de la clasificacioh
modificada de Lindgren que se sigue aquf. Si bien conviene insistir que
todo investigador responsabale debe condiar mas en su propio trabajo sobre
los yacimientos de una zona que en la lectura de estas observaciones.
Los indices que se incluyen al final de este volumen se refieren a: (1) los
autores de las publicaciones citadas; (2) los yacimientos aludidos en las
referencias y observaciones; (3) los metales y minerales producidos por
cada yacimiento; (4) la edad de las mineralizaciones; y (5) la
clasificaci6n de los diferentes^yacimientos. Todos los indices se han
ordenado seguh el alfabeto ingles. Se incluyen igualmente mapas con la
situacion de los yacimientos a los que se alude en el texto y las
principales ciudades de cada pafs.
Translation prepared by Profesor Dr. Antonio Arribas, Departamento de
Cristalographia y Mineralogia, Universidad de Salamanca, ESPANA