Anni incendiari. 1909-1919: il decennio che sconvolse l'arte e il pensiero, la storia e la vita

203 Pages·2009·1.694 MB·Italian

by  Marcello Veneziani

Coordiendaimteonrtioa le:
PatriVzailal ario
Proggertatfioc o/ecloapbeorrtaizniao:n e
Salieritre-Milano
Redaezi imopnaeg inazione:
[renCee ccherini
Prestsatmaepmc apo,an fezione:
PetruzSztia mpaC,i ttdàiC astel(lPog )
Icno pertina:
elaborazgiroanfiec daiG iusepDpeel G reco
Copyright © 2009
VallecScphAi,v iaM araglia6n o,
5014F4i renze
www .vallecchi.it
ISBN9 78-88-8427-158-7
Tuttiid irirtitsie rvati. Npeasrtsedu inq au estloa vorpou òe sserter adotrtiap,r odot­
tao trasmescsoan q ualsimaesziz os enzeas presasuat orizzazdieolnle' ediet,o re
quandnoe cessardieog,la il ttriit oldaerlci o pyright.
ANNI INCENDIARI
LA GIOVENBTRÙU CIANTE
Nell'barrecvoep rdie'ml9o 0 s0u,l Je'notrulsodi ealsmltoaa­
derndiitvàa,mu pnsòot raordiinncaernniedoli Joe' n aerltJea
letternaeptleu nrsaie,ne erloiJ dee olcohgpeir ee,ss tpior o­
pagnòe lvliadt aep io poenl eil sJtao mroinad iSaulpee.r ato
l'umloired veelB Jealé lpeo qsumea,l itf iattnuiii n ndoesllai ­
lotdtNioo nnSap eraesn pzeagn ltuiil tliamsidc eiltJim' a8 00,
finaintcih ee ugflobira ileclxiic elisnoi noordr eel mload er­
nietd àe ltleac ntirciao nfuancnaot er,r eenlteet tlrasio z­za
cieetc ào ntaignbi raet veem ptou tltefeo remsep refsis­ive,
noa d ivenmtoavriem ednimt aos sIal. e spuioc eènl t'rIot a­
lila',at srFsaie r eenM ziel ainpnoa rticmoasl ia rauepn;r' oef ­
ficdiensat iain naftuao tcuatirt'leo9 0ei0 pl i anCeotmae. de­
fniiqrueep le ribordeoevi en tednics uoia vsvriet irgolenifo ­
fetest sii c ontalreco onnos egpueetrnu zteit'l o9 0ea0 n che
oltArnen?ii n cenddiiraerii.,
Usloap aroilnac enndoianc o a sSoip. o trefbalbrase t oria
diq ueagnlnidi i,c sot lodare ilal 'daerlltleeat, t ermaat uarna­,
chleas t ocriivaai vleen,cd oom fei cloon dutitt iotrdoeill ii­
briip ,r oclida imsic,po errfsiiln,teo e stdairt iev icshtee ,a llu­
donaol fiJaam maal, fuoco, all'ianlbc reuncdiiao­, all'ardere,
reÈ.i flu olcmaoe tafeoi rnas ieme lp'ivaùil vdlaie guonroi a
stato de'd aiun nsiaim tou azIsiloo gndneio. fuunt unruoo ­
vof iammadnotpaeov emre sasf oe rerf ou oicploa sseai tlo
preselneut teo;pf iiea mmegigf iaadlniòlt iibe,dr ici o saen -
ANNII NCENDIARI
ticlhale i,nd eefalu onceol tlrei nlcfeeo ec,op saes seiroontii ­
cheep olitiislca hcferu,oo dceol l'ispliafira amzmiao nceo,­
me simbcoolmob adteltifee i natcic,lo seli agtaer,e tte accese
ep enzodlaalnltei pleairrbl ib prdoaes glou err.i.e.r o
Derle sdti«o a,n innic endiairniu »nl ipbeardroilp tòio ù
voldtaVe a llecchiVi,av nAiqil u,ba enrdtoo ddeast ecsrtiis­se
monper eclo'caen ivmiatltaea t teerc airvdiiealfi eu turisti,
lacerebv ioaacnniaii cl a ffèfi orenGtiiunbob e rosse.
Il precduiqr useosprtiear omaarntiias ticof-ul etteraria
d'Annunzcihoae v esvcar iItflut ooc eoc ,ha el l'aera dgelrie
arditfiia,m malelfe,li ea cecl oefla elv liaev,e va dpead­icato
ginpeo,e sdiies,c eofi rusmidi ip aroMlaea .l" lsac instii lla"
errai faptuetrL oe nbiant tezczoasniÌsdl oou g iorn-ale
«Isk-rcahp»er ecleard iev olurzuisostnaue;t ltamea o der­
nisteàm rbavnaa scdearfleu omceos,a sf au opcuon,f tooc ale:
lenltais,td rien,ab moom,b bee,n gaflotao,g rfalfacisoehl,
botctiom,i nfiueorcehp,ii setftior,ce am ioet,oa rs ic oppio ...
Iflu occoom iel lumincaozmaiero dnoecr,oe mp,eu rificazio­
ned emlo ndiofl,u occoom ees presdsiui no'nies piarra­zione
tistuincpaaa ,s sioneu nspatr oormiedcsiras i,an novamento.
Ag iudidcaaa lrceeu fntfitet ir agdiiqc uie lla fpoacsossiao ne
si fpouròds ierc eh ien q uegalninci e rcaurnop naor adiso
fiammeggmiana onsnt' ea,c cocrhcseoe flru oo scpior opizia
l'awednetlole 'rinnof.
Lef iamsmoend oic aslaìp ,ic ùh ienp aradSiias dod.i cono
aid annpaitcùih eb eaaiSt air.e tbubtet ianvgiean ebrrous­o
ciatruet ltepe a ssiloeon pie,rl eec, r eazdiiqo uneiga lnin i
nella piilrlau ssdaienolgnluiei d nedaier cieec nhnveie rran­
noO.g neip ovcaga i udiccoainstl ua mo e teri osl u sop irei to
non conc haeqc uceald de poi, mdaimg aanraoii sfuggendo
suopiro fepe rtie cursori.
Nonf ut anlt'oe sodrendlui oovs oe coagl eon erqaurees to
choipc r,i miasnsndiiom pio s clooc dcea'lr9e 0q 0u,a nidtloe ­
cenncihnoee s egduoÌp,lo ' ebbpreelrze z as coscpieierfntite­
cheel os gomepnetiropl i ccmoolnoda on ticchfioen iva, in
LAG IOVENBTRÙU CIANTE
modaon che crueanvvteon,in nIec toacmloeiln a' eutmàb er­
tina,n efslia nnigdtueaerl e gicMiadf uis oo.l o idp orpiom i
anni, eqsupalnnodesofle e bbdrae1il9o 0 i9fl u turcihsem o,
unmai ccsaiica c eer saeg gipurnesisse te or bdauitn osaio cie­
tàv ogldiios scaa tegnlaaisr seo ilntu etritr raa mli'taeir lt e,
pensilepara or,oep l oali,la o ttgau,e rellr araa i voluGzliio ne.
«assotleurtried sitrrePibo»bp ep oevvre,ri po a raidnti esrir a.
Impensaanibo islotecr cish mia gdaetplir esequnectlle i ma
eq uesleltdaei a ssorliuvteor nsealtla'n aerlvtlieaet,n a e lla
storMiaia m.p ensaanbcilhlaee preetcdàoiq c ueep ir otago­
nisrtaig,a zzi qsuoatistt iro e tnutct'otaminne no ivn e diamo
ormdaai puenz zIsole. c odleolg liao vinceozmcziiana,at lo­
loraca a,v adlellroli ev olued zeiloglnueie rdroepi,o'l 6 f8i nì
neglid ipa inonmiUb soc.di atq au etlu nnleasl t,oa rnidaaò l ­
l'osept irziòiod,one s f enecutnusato ec,ig ertiàag nizai,La an a.
giovesn'taùl lla'remgteaàd, sia ial lusnpgaar,i isg cioonvoa ni,
deposdi'vvtaeanriir e.
Quedle cennnofinuos oulnol aboradteogarlniinco ih e ver­
ranmnaof ua ncihle cidmeifltu etrulor' oai,rnc c uosi i brucia­
roniona n tiscuilpvloiae ts au lsltaod reislae cios leor bdait oi
speraen szioa gd n'ia vvecnhisersi ep argeproaiinnt n uoti tlo
'90L0'.u onmuoo vimolo, ndnou oevl o' ornduionnveao c que­
roi n quegeil slie caconhlneois neegf uulì ' apoelt 'enaogisoai
dqi uenlo visismluo to,r ioo lnesfa u caa tastrofe.
«E vendguannqogu leai,l leignrcie nddailadlrieict iaa r bo­
nizzEactceoE!lc ic!o. .l.i !dS auvvtfieua oa cgosl ciaa fldfie lle
biblioEti eplcr hiefm»uo.o co apipnqi ucedclea cteonf nu-i o
comdei cevparmio-m aiM la nifedseFtlou turidsiEm To.,
Marinaentctshiee, cgoivàa vfaanlvolin ee l vdeenltslrtaeo ­
riead ell'maaqr ute2el0;f ebbdreali os 1u9« 0LF9ei gafruo »
lac onsacruafizfciioeani lene t ernadzeilnolcn'eainldIeil o .
furtiumsos pir opdaagP aa raiM gois caaN ,e wY orLk'.a rte
contiprlao s saalpt aos,ds eol rliav oluiznidouinsaetal rse,p i­
rad aa re una'laclniaiv mdiael ltmlàae c ch«iOnleGà.r! a ndi
poeitnic enfdriaatrmeiil,efl itui u risdtiipr.ào.M i.a »r,in etti
9
ANNII NCENDIARI
proponaeisn oddoda i«l uic ciidcleh riead rilo u n«aÈ»d .a l­
l'It-saclriiiaflv on ed atdoerfleut uri-scmhone o lia nciamo
pemlo ndqou esntoos tmraon ifdeivs itool ternazvao leg ente
incendcioqalur ailae, foongdgiFiilau mtou rismo».
A Milapnroe slseeo d izdii«o Pnoie sdiiMa a»r inAeltdtoi ,
Palazzaelslcfohutriua,r ipsutbab,ln ie1cl9a 1L '0i ncendiario,
racciorlrtiav edripe onetsceih meee ttoafn eor erf ou oiclo
mondaon cshese a ip ronol 'caopnod lemolag rieam otao , che
cosbÌr edvies tdaanlztlara a gdeidM ieas seiR neag gCiaol a­
brieard,aa vvuenrpaoe ssiirmoanM iaia sl.u noo èni tli tolo
diu nl ibpriou,t tèol s'tiond ciui np'ietp ioplcr ao,g radmim a
ungae nera«zUioomnicenh.aei v eotrer odrefeluo co,jpove­
reis sdeipr aig lsicar!Pi»av,le a zzcehssedic eh fii nisce «pove­
roi ncendmiaanrciaiotn oc,e nddiapa oreisoOi ganv.ie rso
chsec rèiu vnio n cenpdeieros »a ldtaavrasaniu t nii n cendia­
rivoe rion gabpbeitrar tgeoi oirnnp ii azacz aau dseal sluee
«fiamme :s Qau«natnetd»ubo r utcuin !o sne pii uùn u omo/
iDli tous eUM/is enctoor lrveee rn uenb rivTiivd oor/vr ee­i
derqeu anadbob ruqcuia,ngjdu oa rldteiu f ei am;m« eS»aol i
carbionnf ei,am megpgiiragenl»tie i cf uoan aploterftoua t u­
risLtuac,i Faonlog noerClea ntdoeM io todrei1l 9 1c2h,èe
tutteol ougni o del ccaormbbounset ieo ndee.l la
Inv erpirtiàd,me afl u turispmior oamalavtnerivica onmoi n­
ciaati noc enldlaie atrtee irtaatulPriaaap nian:i ,eP rSeozffi­ci
zolgiindàia gallib doer'li9 0s0ei r acniom enntealtli' impresa;
ma qiune agnlnpiir oduscsolenir borr iiv,eim satses agclerifi ­,
fevttiis iblioltriao l defencolto osA ol.tp ridiùe nisnic esnaidp i­
picchenrealnplnoaoe siitaa lcioainvn oac iial naic,e reb iani
l'edAitttoViraleli loe cchacedh oit teproanine cnloo r dseodl e ­
cenniinof uoic"lap tooep taaz zo"C,a mDpiancnooa in,s uoi
sconvoClagneOtnrfiti iuc sic niet1li9 1ep4 o rii eadF iitrie nze.
Fuu nv ero innceellnledati toe reap teuurnr soat ,r agnioo co
dedle stlipanr oi emdai ziqouneer laldcaic noalttuar,a lmente
poccoo mprfeisinanÌ, lpaarrigtnuae n f lapòe rri scaisl odla­re
datiin glseuAslpilp 'enndiunroal ngatu ee rUrnfa a.l fòro,si el
10
LA GIOVENTÙ DRUCIANn:
prirmoog loi brdae'rl9i 0om 0ad, e gcnoan cludsiui nlo inber o
sulfduerdeioac,O artfoUe nol .i birnoc endcihfaeer ucienofi a,­
nea deguvaotradr,ie orime e opatica.
Lee dizdii«o Pnoie scihpeau »b bliLc'ainncoe nddiPi aa­rio
lazzessocnihonvi i Sae naatM oi lalnamo e,t roiptoallii ana
venudtaal l'iamspbeurrocgh ièecp or,o ientetlalt'aa vvenire,
l«ag ranMdiel atnroa dizeif outnuarliecs otmape»o ,si c rive­
r�M1a rinientstoim,lm ana o stNreawY orlke,t atlemreen t
"città Dnaulolv'paaa"lr.dtt erela l è' aasnscFeoi rrae- nlzae
nostra cvaepcicthailae mmeeddiiecer eviaan laes,c imentale
del gaerntiiose lt eitctoe -rmaersisaos a o qquaddau rno
grupdpigo e nitaelpipa ic suntieis eguirdaenganlloitt ruit,t i
maledteotstcoiaq nuiaM siil.ae Fn ior enziet esapotrnrioin ­
cipdaiql uie st'icnhcseepi nr doipdoaa gplae nsailelr'oa zione
tramli'tatero tteVa elrer.a dnonpTooo rienR oo meal t'aIlia
inetrLaa. Fidreecina zfdefe èl,Gl ieu brboesi snpea rticolare,
delclaasV aa llecchcdehi iv,e innqt uòe galnini ipl r incipale
eùitore licati atdlteiàla lnelo e;rt itseisrnpea i raizez cae,­ dei
nacfoelriv ednetmiii teo miancn eir dciga l oerd iiav inità.
AF irebnrzueci pileò n siuneg rioo vgaonrei zcihasenf oi dò
lfa ilossuolflida'e olrll'oa sIsplo elnustieloe a.vri oct ao me
fiamfmuia sl,u moo ddoi esprÈil pmaae rrasbbiro.el evaa e r ­
dendtiCe a rMlioc hstealedcthieenr c, enipdle inòs iero nel­
l'aatstsoo dlifu atrovs iite pa o;si ti o lse alv ae nvtiaitnta­r,é
niD.a ll'fuionmdioiPt aop icnhiie,nr e aplottiào ranf ai orire
negalnins ie guenti,i naflidlniM'i iutcoohm eol scthaseei d ter
spegsnunela scaeprpee,sn pai icvlco al o.
Èa ncoaFr iar ecnhzneea sceP acpoienP n rie zzlo'liidneia ­
lismmiotl ainIts eu.oi is pirparteosirtncio o, n fltirltaot roo ,
sondo' estrmaezriiodnieso onnaColr eoe,cG ee ntilee, uniti
divdiaHs eig eli;nq umeag lil alao nfrnioil ossvioe frinsaea l ­
lsat oers iia difviaanrs oic coap riindr issis esnasprooài;i fl a ­
scisams oan cliedr ies tamnatz eeo,r icaemreangnitodàe i ­
stapnrtiidm eal gluae repr oaci o lnad ivergseunlzla' inter­
ventismon:e uCtrroaGcleein sttialv,ee nitnitslet'rao.p eSrea
11
ANNII NCENDIARI
diC roècg ei dàe linneealstluaele i nteeeo rimcaih nqe u,e l
decenpnuibob lniocpnao cohpee crhese p aaznido a ll'etica
alploal idtailcslata,o a rliplaoa e sGiean,ti inqlu ee agnlnidi à
formaals luaTa e oria genespriarlicetoo md Aeet ltpolu or o
(911)6c hèei l psuunott eoo reptiaiùlc tdooa c, up ir endielr à
nomlesa u fial osAotfitau.a lCirsomcoe. c ruelsttuar almente
as utdr,Na a poeBl air Gie.n tiler,i sidanalvlseelu cSaaei ,c ilia
aC ampobeap sosoios ctirlRalo am eaF irednozvee, pubbli­
chelrseàu oep ecroeSn a sno ncd io ve chdiruadmemraàt ica­
menltsaeu vai tGae.n taid lieefr,fe ndziCa r ocèi en,t erventi­
steap ronuanP cailae urnmd oi sciomrpsoor tnae'nl1tc 4eh e
èu nv erepo r operlioodg eilogl uae reur na' apodleolgli'ai n­
tervenTtriaesn mndoio. p noe,l sltae bsisbal ifoitleocsao fica
diP alerumnao l,tf riol ooa snotfigenets iolciiaamlnaiio sn t­a,
tervenept oirise taaz iocnoamrGeii ou,s eRpepnes i, elogia la
guercrotano inin cen«dSioalnrfeoii :a mimmem enevs iev i­
ded iq uesitnoc egnidgiaon cthedese cvoo onrom ialil umina­
rea nio sotcrcilh neio stree f toeronrliilareu c pciee d ri scer­
nerceh iaraqmueenclthlesee o noq udeacl hlneeo sno nvoi ­
talLiag» u.e rcroaml eo gcoosm,fe u oco.
L'ideamliilsimtèoia nnvteeocp eed reai vcohclieoaa gnii­
tancooi npl r agmaeti ivlso mloo ntaepr oilisso me or,vc oonno
molNtioe tz«spcrhoedf,ee ftlua o ecd oe rli sGoi»Sà.o rel che
ebbmeo ldtiis ceipnIo tlaial vieaiv,na s eganp aotrot ialr e
pensineerlvoli aetn ae lla voarpop,i cclarani dvoo luszoi­one
ciaElP ea.r eatnoc,lh uefi r edadnoa leia sstsain deusioa lotti
fiorednetPiie nriu zzi, aveivmlai terol i eaa rbiisltiotcartao­
zideo,pl osa b orpnoisais ttimava,it eriear laizsistotanPa aa.l­ i
rettoe nanb ea ttemsoilmdtoii o niisnqi uaecaginl nimi o,l ti
incenodsisaerervii ò;n rcaogmgioòle tbeb remzalz uer,ie stò
asteemd iios tante dalelg eli inu cberdniesdaleic c aotluor.e
Diq ueagnlnièpi u rle' espldoesslii nodnea crailvioslmuo­
zionadrail«olP,ea gLiinbee driAe n»g eOlloi vOileirvoe tti al
«Divesnoicrieda alCe o»r,r iadt ountlit' oa dric os oree liani
nosno lLoag. u erdria Leicbcigialta ian iemi in treqcuciea- la
12
LA GIOVENTÙ BRUCIANTE
stnieso o ciaallqleua e stione ec noalzoinoCinoaainsll ieen. ­
dacallraii svtoil ueznitnorenamle o nddoel la vovrioem,ni e­
tizzlaaft iag durelala vorabteopnrir em,da i E rnJsiitn ger
(chseo nleo' l3 s2c riDveeArrr bàe itterra,s forlm'aonpdeor a­
iio nu nm ildietllea vocroomn,eo teDreàlC iaonm toiro ivv,e ­
rou nsap edcisi oel ddaetltole ac neidce as)p liomldi ets oo re­
laindoe lslcoi ogpeenreor Iaslli en.d acasleiis samlot a nella
lotmtana o pni nùe llloatd tica l asPseel;ld iaVz ozlap esduoi,­
cipdeaar m odrie msougal iep mroermtaat urèag miueànn t e,
ricorsdooc diearllo imsamnoct hisecci oo mmuoavlaelf 'rore
del quarent eod esctalanfiattoe a r eiznmz aar cviear so l'av­
venire. vDearlslai'cn aotlnetvs raeotrs osirc io prmoondoe r­
neia ggreesc srievsiicnI,e t acloiCnao ,r raedu inngaie nera­
ziolnuec eia dpap assdiisoc nraittat oirnlia zciiovniallii,s mo;
chrii usacc iornàn etistlie nrdea crailvioslmuoz vieonnua­rio
lod aslo ciacloiinsnl ma oz ionvailinsclmepaora àr t.Ii.llt.aa ­
boratorio èii dnFe roalnoicgniicacu,ob adtinr aizcieo nali­
smgii,a cobinismie b roinvaoplaurmztaigi olsenimsa ipr;ei ­
rimeanltfliia sn cieo mpiionIn toa lia.
GiuseRpepness cie,t ticoe cstroaervdiasel on ctiea,al ismo
l'arsi secroopilrncaioa r zeei l ogaanu ee,rl rgaae ,r arelc 'haiua­
toritàp.r eRceolnrapssa ier abmoulsas oliedn iti aanntai ri­
voluzidoasn ianriaisd tersatd rasalo, c iaallils'mion terventi­
smoU.na ltirnoc endipaernisoi Rederenolfs, ii n,ni etdloi s­
senso anetn ieflamlsaacr igsitnaaac lciatdàes moipcraa ttut­
top eirsl u sop irainttoi geneta inltiiacnaot tolico.
Lungamiennvtoecv aitepano,eli ' ordlagalr aìnagd,ue e rra,
comien terrodgealzvlieaor neide te àgl i uddiizviidone ol la
storIfilua o.ac rot islteitctoee,rf airliooss ofifias c too vrii­a,
lae p oi mLoarg tuee.rc roami eg ideenel l'umlaunnigtaà­,
menitnev odcaagtalari t iaslftliiasn, aei v vera:l pasrc io­ppia
mag uermroan dila'laep,o cdaellmilosads eer nUintagà u.e r­
rac aldegegs ioasatptaida ra gilnit elldeatgtelusiat alerit­,i
mati, dalle iddciea otlaosgptierferoo fniidni a mlrco een r­ca
don uovDoa.lg luae rrai clno amsucnei Isclmr oo.l loi md-egli
13