Table Of Content

Subject Index A. amyloid toxicity and, 129 to G mutation of mitochondrial DNA at catecholestrogen as, 419 np 3242, 75 definition of, 322 Acetyl-L-camitine, heart mitochondria and, Antioxidant defense system, 6 260 Antioxidant enzyme activities, deprenyl Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), neural activity and, 391 and, 352 Antioxidant supplementation, Alzheimer’s Acetylcholinesterase-associated protease, disease and, 163 APP and, 172 Antisense oligonucleotides, inhibition of Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) translocase, APP expression by, 177 heart mitochondria and, 257 Apolipoprotein E, late onset familial and spo¬ Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), VSMC and radic SDAT and, 157 EC treated by, 235 Apoptosis, DNA fragmentation and, 137 Adenyl cyclase system, dual regulation of, Atherogenesis 285 LDL in, 245 Adrenergic nerve activity, 265 lipid hydroperoxides and, 428 Aged mice, 306 Atherosclerosis, lesions in, 331 Aged rats, hippocampus of, 307 ATP synthase, mitochondrial FoF,, 57, 62 Aging ATPase module, cellular immortalization antioxidant enzyme activities during, 395 and, 57 cellular immortalization and, 57 Autoimmune disease, A to G mutation at np hypothesis (or model or theory) of 3243 and, 77 free radical, 362 mitochondrial, 102 Back -to-back primers, 86 oxidative stress, 1 BCE-001, 448 protease inhibitor, 12 Beta-adrenoceptor stimulation, myocardial late onset sporadic SDAT and, 155 contraction and, 284 life span extension and, 321 Beta-amyloid mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation Alzheimer’s disease and, 297 and, 68-69 amplifying effect of, 315 neurochemical studies on, 410 Beta-amyloid peptide recombinant growth hormone and, 430 Alzheimer’s disease and, 121 senescence-accelerated mouse and, 410 plaque and, 153 tandem duplications and, 87 Beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), C-ter- Aging-associated deleted mtDNA, propor¬ tions of, 25 minal fragment of, 414 Albumin, SOD and, 224 Beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP)-like Alpha-lipoic acid, free radicals and, 325 immunoreactivity, 415 Aluminum, APP and, 174 Beta-carotene, antioxidant capacity of, 331 Alzheimer’s disease Brain amyloid P-protein in, 184 antioxidant enzyme activities in, 397 antioxidant enzyme activities and, 398 cAMP and PI signal transduction pathways Ca’* homeostasis and, 305 in, 280 hypothesis on pathogenesis of, 152 circulatory status of, 224 industrialized nations and, 348 Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), free radi¬ reactive oxygen species and, 120 cal reactions and, 326-327 receptor-effector coupling dysfunctions in, 294 C!-terminal fragment of APP, 414 Amfoneric acid, methamphetamine and, 209 Caenorhabditis elegans, 325 Amyloid, neuritic plaques and, 154 Calbindin, loss of, in hippocampus, 307 Amyloid P-protein, fractionation of, 184 Calcium influx, impaired learning and, 354 Amyloid precursor protein, expression of, in Calcium permeability transition, mitochon¬ human lymphocytes, 169 drial, 53 Antioxidant Calretinin, loss of, in hippocampus, 307 453 454 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Carboxy terminal (CT) peptides, amyloido- Dietary restriction, oxidative stress and, 7 genic, 175 Diffuse Lewy body disease, Alzheimer’s dis¬ Cardiolipin, heart mitochondria and, 260 ease and, 196 Cardiomyocytes, ecNOS gene in, 236 Dissociated brain cells, 206 Cardiovascular aging, cellular and molecular Dizocilpine, blockade of channel site with, mechanisms of, 283 354 Cardiovascular system, nervous control of, DNA fragmentation, apoptosis and, 137 264 Dopamine, deprenyl and. in the striatum, 382 Catalase (CAT) Dopamine neurons deprenyl and, 391 damage of, 212 Drosophila and, 326 protection of, 213 Cataractogenesis, melatonin and, 370 Dopaminergic receptor coupling, signal Catecholestrogen, natural antioxidant proper¬ transduction and, 277 ties of, 419 Down’s syndrome Cell surface receptors, three classes of, 283 amyloid 3-protein in, 184 Cellular homeostasis disruption, 8 chromosome 21 and, 160 Cellular immortalization, ATPase module Drosophila melanogaster, 325 and, 57 Cellular senescence, 59 Early molecular events of human aging, Centenarian, mtDNA mutations in somatic tandem duplications and, 99 cells and, 109 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) Centrophenoxine (CPH) (also called meclo- spectroscopy, 123 phenoxate), 448 Endothelial cells, 2-OHE2 and, 426 Cholesterol Endothelial cells nitric oxide synthase aged membranes and, 281 (ecNOS) gene, 236 oxidative stress sensitivity and, 115 Endothelium-derived relaxing factor Cholesterol distribution, Apo E and, 316 (EDRF), nitric oxide and, 233 Cholesterol transport, reverse, 246 Enzymes, phase 1 and II, 332 Cholesterol-loaded liposomes, 49 Ethoxyquin, 328 Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), aFGF and, 342 Females, longevity of, 328 Cholinergic hypothesis, geriatric memory im¬ Fibroblast growth factor receptor, aFGF re¬ pairment and, 351 ceptor density and, 343 Cholinesterase (ChE), Alzheimer’s disease Fluorescence activated cell sorter, 198 and, 351 Fluorescence anisotropy, 279 Chromosome 1,14, and 21, early onset famil¬ Free cellular calcium, Alzheimer’s disease ial SDAT and, 159-160 and, 305 Clorgyline, methamphetamine and, 209 Free radical diseases, 328 '’“Co y-ray, 2-OHE2 and, 422 Free radical production, age increase and, 4 “’Co irradiation, exposure of mitochondria Free radical reactions to, 63 amyloid peptides promoting, 121 Cytochrome oxidase activity, kinetic studies late onset sporadic SDAT and, 155 of, 253 three stages of, 321 Free radicals D-Cycloserine, memory enhancement ''’Co orradiation of mitochondria and, 65 and, 354 Parkinson’s disease and, 207 Deafness, diabetes mellitus and, 72 reactive oxygen species and, 24 Deferoxamine, methamphetamine and, 209 vascular endothelial cells and, 224 Dementia pugilistica (DP), 161 Depolarization, mouse brain cells and, 2 Cjprotein dysfunction, 296 Deprenyl G proteins, adenylyl cyclase and, 287 antioxidant enzyme activities by, 391 Gott protein, increase of, in aging, 414 methamphetamine and, 209 Gene abnormalities, mitochondrial, 72 protection of nigral neurons by, 379 Genomes, mitochondrial, 51 Desaturase, 46 Genomic damage, melatonin and, 368 Diabetes mellitus, mitochondrial gene abnor¬ Gerbils, PBN and, 325 malities and, 72 Geriatric prevention, nootropica in, 444 SUBJECT INDEX 455 Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-like immunoreactivity, 415 L-Buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoxamine (BSO), Gliosis, senescence-accelerated mouse P8 GSH depletion and, 221 and, 417 Lazaroids, free radicals and, 325 Glutamate uptake, Na*-dependent, 128 Leucopenia, 2-OHE2 and, 424 Glutamatergic hypothesis, geriatric memory Leupeptin, lipofuscin-like substances and, 12 dysfunction, 352 Lewy bodies. Parkinson’s disease and, 195 Glutathione Lewy body disease, glutathione peroxidase intramitochondrial GSH levels and, 64 and, 219 Lipid peroxidation oxidized (GSSG), 219 melatonin and. 367 reduced (GSH), 219 Parkinson’s disease and, 108 Glutathione pieroxidase (GSH Px) Lipid peroxide deprenyl and, 391 human age and, 36 melatonin and, 373 ovariectomy and, 421 Glycine, NMDA receptor and, 354 Lipofuscin-like substances, leupeptin causing accumulation of, 12 Heart, rat, mitochondrial function in, 252 Long-term potentiation (LTP), aFGF and, Heparin, SOD and, 224 343 High-density lipoprotein, coronary heart dis¬ Longevity, mitochondrial genotypes for, 108 ease and, 246 Lou Gehrig disease, 329 Hippocampus, aFGF and, 345 Low-density lipoprotein, cigarette smoke Human mitochondria, lipid peroxide contents and, 245 of, 35 Lymphocytes, human, amyloid precursor Human muscle mtDNA, deletions and tan¬ protein in, 169 dem duplications in, 88 Lysophosphatydlcholine, EDRF effects at¬ Human skin mtDNA, deletions and tandem tenuated by, 239 duplications in, 90 Human testis mtDNA, deletions and tandem IVIacrophages, oxidatively modified LDL duplications in, 89 and, 245 Human tissues, large-scale deleted mtDNA Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn- in, 33 SOD), age-dependent increase of, 38 Hydrogen peroxide, oxidative stress sensitiv¬ Maximum life span, compounds reported to ity and, 114 increase, 328 Medial septum, aFGF and, 345 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal, 108 MELAS (see Mitochondrial myopathy) 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine, 103 Melatonin Hydroxyl radical formation, deprenyl and, antioxidant action of, 366 379 free radicals and, 325 Hypertension, essential, 329 rhythm of, 363 Membrane, basement, 22 Immobilization, recombinant growth hor¬ Membrane alterations, signal transduction mone and. 431 and 290 Immune function, aFGF and, 344 Membrane lipid alterations, 45 Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 73 Memory impairment, neural circuity and, 349 In vivo gene transfer technique, 233 2-Mercaptoethylamine (2-MEA), life span lns(l,4,5)P3, Ptdins and, 297 and, 326 Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Metabolic rate, oxidative stress and, 3 (IDDM), 73 Methamphetamine, dopamine neurons and, Intracellular calcium, nitric oxide and, 233 206 Methioninesulfoxide, synthetic amyloid A3 Junction site sequences, tandem duplica¬ (1-40) and, 125 tions of human mtDNA and, 95-96 1 -Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), deprenyl Kkidney, leupeptin and, 12 and, 379 Kinetic studies, cytochrome oxidase activ¬ l-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP*), ity, 253 deprenyl and, 379 456 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Mitochondria Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phos¬ late onset sporadic SDAT and. 155 phate diaphorase (NADPH-d), 356 oxygen and, 322 Nigral cell death, glutathione depletion and, sonic submitochondrial particles and, 63 220 Mitochondrial DNA Nigral neurons, protection of, by deprenyl, deleted 379 7,436-bp, 32 Nimodipine, voltage-dependent calcium aging-associated, 26 channels and, 354 dietary restriction and, 52 Nitric oxide large scale, 31 cardiovascular system and, 233 lipid peroxidation and, 39 mitochondrial energy metabolism and, 230 somatic accumulation of, 103 oxidative stress sensitivity and, 114 tandem duolications of, 82 Nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), arginine Mitochondrial DNA mutations, late onset and, 355 sporadic SDAT and, 156 Nonadrenergic nerves, neurotransmission Mitochondrial free radical generation, 44 and, 264 Mitochondrial function, rat heart tissue and, Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 252 (NIDDM), 73 Mitochondrial lipid peroxides, measurement Nootropica, geriatric prevention and, 444 Norepinephrine reuptake, adrenergic nerves of, 29 and, 269 Mitochondrial membrane fluidity, 48 Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, Ovariectomy, 2-OHE: and, 420 lactic acidosis, and stroke-like epi¬ Oxidative stress sodes (MELAS), 104 “Co irradiation and, 66 Molecular pharmacology, cell surface recep¬ increased sensitivity to, 112 tors and, 283 Parkinson’s disease and, 217 Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), deprenyl sources of, in aging, 5 and, 386 tBuOOH and, 135 Muscarinic receptor Oxygen stress, fragmentation of mtDNA aFGF and, 341 and, 104 signal transmission and, 275 Muscarinic receptor responsiveness, loss of, Paraquat toxicity, lungs stressed by, 370 112 Parkinson’s disea.se Muscle atrophy, recombinant growth hor¬ antioxidant enzyme activities and, 398 mone and, 431 free radicals and, 206 Myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, late onset sporadic SDAT and, 161 and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), lipid peroxidation by-products in, 106-108 72 oxidative stress and, 217 Passive avoidance test, aFGF and, 339 .A^-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, Periodic acid Schiff (PAS), 15 pharmacologic manipulation and, 353 Phenserine, therapeutic window of, 352 N-tert-Butyl-a-phenylnitrone (PBN), free Phorbor 12,13-dibutylate, binding properties radical reactions and, 325 of, 414 Neuritic plaques, neuronal cell loss associ¬ Phosphatidylinositol (Pl)-hydrolysis, 308 ated with, 153 Phospholipase Ai, 47 Neurofibrillary tangles, SDAT and, 153 Phospholipase C system, dual regulation of, Neurospora crassa, 325 285 Neurotransmitter replacement, Alzheimer’s Phosphorylation disease, 299 cytochrome oxidase activity and, 255 Neutrophils, 311 oxidative, “Co irradiation and, 67 N°-Nitro-L-arginine (NARG), 355 Phytohemagglutinin (PHA), Ca’’^ responses Nicotinamide, apoptosis and, 145 and, 311 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, tBuOOH Pineal gland, 364 and, 143 Piracetam, 444 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phos¬ PK-11195, neuronal damage and, 413 phate (NADPH), tBuOOH and, 143 Plasma levels of norepinephrine, 270 SUBJECT INDEX 457 Point mutations in mtDNA, 104 Somatic mutations, 83 Polyamine, NMDA receptor and, 354 Spermidine, maze impairment and, 354 Polyphenols Spin labeling, hydrogen peroxide and, 127 free radicals and, 325 Spin trap antioxidant capacity of, 331 nitroxides and, 323 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, melatonin and. detection of free radicals and. 123 372 Stone 14-unit T-maze, 350 Pramiracetam, 447 Striatum Prejunctional ai-adrenoceptors, 266 deprenyl and, 382 Prejunctional P-adrenoceptors, 268 lns(l,4,5)P3 concentration in, 276 Primer-shift polymerase chain reaction, age- Sucrose density gradient centrifugation, 185 associated mtDNA deletions and, 30 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) Primers, analysis of duplicated mtDNA cigarette smoke and, 248 and, 85 deprenyl and, 391 Protease inhibitor model of aging, 12 Drosophila and, 326 Protein, semiconductive model of, 448 superoxide and nitric oxide radicals and, Protein kinase C, beta-amyloid production 224 and, 299 Synaptosomal membranes, biochemical com¬ Protein oxidation, recombinant growth hor¬ position of, 278 mone and. 434 Synaptosomes, Ca’* responses and, 308 Proximal convoluted tubules, 19 Tlymphocytes, Ca’’’ homeostasis and, 310 ^ûinone reductase, antioxidants and, 332 t-Butylhydroperoxide (tBuOOH), oxidative stress and, 135 R.eactive oxygen species (ROS) Tandem duplications of mtDNA age-dependent increase in incidence of, 95 amyloid peptides and, 124 large-scale deletions and, 97 damage of mtDNA by, 106 type 11, 84 free radicals and, 24 type IV, 87 Receptor recognition site disturbances, Alz¬ type IX, 97 heimer’s disease and, 295 Tetraethylammonium (TEA), 311 Recombinant growth hormone, muscle dam¬ Thiol proteases, 13 age and, 430 Thrombin, processing of APP by, 171 Reduction potential, 2 Transmembrane signaling mechanisms, car¬ Respiration diovascular aging and, 286 cytochrome oxidase activity and, 255 Two-dimensional image analysis, intracellu¬ mitochondrial, 50 lar calcium measurement by, 234 Salicylate hydroxyl radical, 208 Ubiquitin, Lewy bodies and, 203 Senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) aFGF and. 338 ascular endothelial cells, free radicals neurochemical studies of, 411 in, 224 PI strain (SAMPl), catecholestrogen Vascular smooth muscle cells, intracellular and, 419 calcium in, 233 P8 strain (SAMP8), aging syndrome of, Vicious cycle, degeneration of cellular com¬ 412 ponents and, 106 R1 control strain (SAMRl), 412 Vitamins C and E, antioxidant capacity of, Signal transduction 331 disturbances of, in Alzheimer’s disease, 295 AVater maze test, aFGF and, 341 neurotransmitter plasticity and, 274 Simian virus 40 (SV40) T protein, 58 5Cenopus oocytes, C-terminal fragment of Smart drug, nootropica and, 447 APP (CT105) amd. 175 Index of Contributors Hartmann, H., 305-320 Adams, J. D., 135-151 Hayakawa, M., 102-111 Agapito, T. T., 362-378 Hengemihle, J., 348-361 Aksenov, M., 120-134 Hensley, K., 120-134 Aksenova, M., 120-134 Aral, H., 245-251 Ihara, Y., 184-194, 195-205, 410-418 Arima, T., 410-418 Ikari, H., 348-361 Asami-Odaka, A., 184-194 Ingram, D. K., 348-361 Inoue, K., 224-232 Borgeld, H-J. W., 102-111 Inoue, M., 224-232 Butterfield, D. A., 120-134 Inukai, M., 233-244 Ivy, G. O., 12-23, 391-409 Carmeli, E., 430-443 Iwatsubo, T., 195-205 Camey, J. M., 120-134 Carrillo, M. C., 391-409 Jenner, P., 217-223 Chang, M. L., 135-151 Jeong, S-J., 169-183 Chen, J. J., 44-56 Jimenez, N., 112-119 Chiueh, C. C., 379-390 Joseph, J. A., 112-119 Choe, M., 44-56 Choi, W., 169-183 Kanai, S., 12-23, 391-409 Chong, Y. H., 169-183 Kang, C. M., 44-56 Cole. P., 120-134 Kao, S-H., 24-43 Coper, H., 274-282 Katsumata, K., 102-111 Cowbum, R. F., 294-304 Kawaguchi, H., 233-244 Kim, S-H., 169-183 Dencher, N. A., 274-282 Kimura, H., 337-347 Denisova, N., 112-119 Kita, T., 245-251 Djamgoz, M. B. A., 169-183 Kitamura, Y., 410-418 Docherty, J. R., 264-273 Kitani, K., xi, 12-23, 391-409 Klaidman, L. K., 135-151 Eckert. A., 305-320 Komura, S., 419-429 Erat, S., 112-119 Kondo, T., 206-216 Kovalenko, S. A., 102-111 Fares, F. A., 430-443 Krause, F., 274-282 Forstl, H., 305-320 Kristal, B. S., 44-56 Fowler, C. J., 294-304 Kr0ll, J., 57-61 Fraser, S. P., 169-183 Kuo, H., 348-361 Fratello, A., 62-71 Fujimuro, M., 195-205 Lee, H-C, 24-43, 82-101 Fukata, Y., 337-347 Lee, V. M-Y., 195-205 Furio, A., 62-71 Li, A., 337-347 Cxarlind, A., 294-304 Maeng, Y. S., 44-56 Gong, J-S., 102-111 Mark, R., 120-134 Grattagliano, 1., 62-71 Markesbery, W. R., 120-134 Greig, N., 348-361 Marsden, C. D., 217-223 Gruener, N., 430-443 Mattson, M. P., 120-134 Guerrero, J. M., 362-378 Min, K., 169-183 Guerrieri, F., 62-71 Miyamoto, A., 283-293 Miyasaka, K., 391-409 Hall, N., 120-134 Mukheijee, S. K., 135-151 Hanai. K., 337-347 Muller, W. E., 305-320 Harman, D., 152-168, 321-336 Muolo, L., 62-71 Harris, M. E., 120-134 Murphy, D. L., 379-390 459 460 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Suh, Y-H., 169-183 Nagano, Y., 245-251 Suzuki, N., 184-194 Nagashima, K., 410-418 Nomura, Y., 331-347, 410-418 Tanaka, M., 102-111 O’ Tooyama, 1., 337-347 Neill, C., 294-304 Toyo-oka, T., 233-244 Odawara, M., 72-81 Trojanowski, J. Q., 195-205 Ohishi, N., 419-429 Turturro, N., 62-71 Ohnuki, T., 410-418 Ohshika, H., 283-293 Ueda, Y., 245-251 Ohta, M., 12-23 Ueyama, K., 245-251 Oomura, Y., 337-347, 410-418 Owen, A. D., 217-223 Velbinger, K., 305-320 Ozawa, T., 102-111 Vendemiale, G., 62-71 Villalobos-Molina, R., 112-119 Pablos, M. 1., 362-378 Pang, C-Y., 82-101 Wâng, Y. P., 233-244 Papa, S., 62-71 Wei, Y-H., 24-43, 82-101 Paradies, G., 252-263 Wu, J. F., 120-134 Petrosillo, G., 252-263 Wu, R-M., 379-390 ^ûagliariello, E., 252-263 Yagi, K., 419-429 Yago, H., 337-347 R.eiter, R. J., 362-378 Yamaguchi, H., 195-205 Reznick, A. Z., 430-443 Yamanaka, Y., 410-418 Roopsingh, R., 12-23 Yamashina, 1., 274-282 Ruggiero, F. M., 252-263 Yanagisawa, K., 184-194 Yanaihara, N., 337-347 Sasaki, K., 337-347, 410-418 Yang, R., 1 -11 Sasaki, T., 233-244 Yang, W. D., 233-244 Sato, Y., 12-23 Yasharel, R., 135-151 Schapira, A. H. V., 217-223 Yokode, M., 245-251 Schulze, G., 274-282 Yokosawa, H., 195-205 Shimada, A., 348-361 Yoneda, M., 102-111 Shin, W. S., 233-244 Yoshii, H., 337-347 Spangler, E. L., 348-361 You, B-J., 82-101 Strain, J., 112-119 Yu, B. P., 1-11, 44-56 Subramaniam, R., 120-134 Sugawa, M., 274-282 Zs.-Nagy, I., 444-452