Table Of Content

Subject Index iA.(laptive response of cellular antioxidant Carotene systems, 292 dietary intake (rf, by smoking group, 353 Adhesion, leukocyte, stimulation of, 114 predictors of serum levels of, 325 Age, atherosclerotic lesion formation /3-Carotene, 23, 55, 164 correlated to, 102 mutagen and carcinogen effect modulated Alcohol, diet and, 324 by, 229-238 Aldehydes, deleterious biologic effects of, 79 prooxidant, formation of, 266 Antiatherogenic activities, 102 vitamin A depletion and, 203 Antioncogene, 270 Carotenoids Antioxidant levels, 58 inhibition of neoplastic transformation by, Antioxidant nutrients, intakes of, 122 163 Antioxidant vitamins in current, ex-, and mutagen and carcinogen effect modulated never smokers, 349 by, 229-238 Antioxidants Catalase, 18 coronary heart disease and, 356 activities of, in smokers, 293 inhibition of lung cancer by, 186 effect of, on cigarette smoke extract protective effect of, 44 modified low density lipoprotein, 92 Apoprotein B-lOO, 92 Catechol, 16, 21-22 Aqueous solution, radical generation from Causative agents, likely, for tobacco-related cigarette smoke in, 40, 45 cancers, 148 Ascorbate, 19 Cell injury, endothelial, 99 Ascorbic acid Chain smokers, 71 estimating cigarette smokers’ requirements Changing cigarette, 141 of, 335 Chemiluminescence, 57 mutagen and carcinogen effect modulated Chemoprevention, 145 by, 229-238 Chemopreventive agents, 10 Ascorbic acid oxidation, 78 Cigarette consumption, 2 Atheroma, 68 Cigarette smoke thrombus differentiated from, 111 actions of, on leukocytes and endothelium, Atherosclerosis 113 endothelial integrity in, 99 membrane damage from, 29 lipid peroxidation and, 111 oxidants in, 12 radical generation from, 40, 45 vitamin A depletion and, 203 Benzopyrene, interactions between vitamin Cigarette smokers A and, 203 daily food group intake of, 316 Blood cholesterol, 125 daily nutrient intake of, 315 Body mass index, 125 dietary patterns of, 310 Breast cancer, vitamin E and, 287 estimating ascorbic acid requirements for, Bronchial carcinoma, expression of p53 by, 335 243 social and physical characteristics of, 351 Cigarette smoking \^-fos, 273 coronary heart disease and, 130 c-myb, 273 diet and, 323, 347 Cabbage, 71 expression of p53 and, 243 Caerphilly Heart Disease Study, 337 oxidative damage in the lung and, 289 Canadian cigarettes, 179 Cigarettes, Canadian, 179 Cancer chemoprevention, 182 Cohort Study, 281 Canthaxanthin, 162, 168, 263 Conditional logistic model, 281 Carcinogenesis Conjugated dienes, plasma concentrations of, carotenoids acting in postinitiation phase of, 123 163 Connexin 43, 162 tobacco, potential inhibitors of, 140 Connexin 43 gene expression, measurements vitamin A depletion and, 203 of, 167 361 362 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Coronary heart disease, 68 Former tobacco users antioxidants and, 356 daily food group intake of, 318 cigarette smoking and, 130 daily nutrient intake of, 317 cigarette smoke a risk factor for, 111 Free radicals French paradox for, 299 membrane damage from, 29 Cox’s proportional hazards model, 281 reaction of biological membranes to, 7 Cruciferous vegetables, uptake of phenethyl French parodox for coronary heart disease, isothiocyanate through, 190 299 Cytokines, endothelial cell integrity compromised by, 103-104 Clap junctions, structure and function of, 162 Decapeptide, 19 Gas-phase cigarette smoke, radicals in, 14 Diet Genetics, cancer and, 9 1987 National Health Interview Survey Glutathione, 78 and, 310 regeneration of vitamin E by, 293 interactions of smoking and, 347 Green tea, 71, 150 Dietary antioxidant intakes, 120 epigallocatechin gallate and, 195 Dietary fat, 154 Dietary fats, composition of, 305 Dihydrolipoic acid, 78 Health paradoxes, 5 Dihydroxybenzenes, inactivation of tumor Health risks, 4 suppressor genes and, 256 Heat shock proteins 70 and 90 kD, 269-270 Disease risk factors, 6 Hemolysis, oxidative, of erythrocytes, 31 DNA Hydrogen peroxide, 251 binding of tar species to, 24 Hydroquinone, 251 damage to, caused by cigarette tar, 20 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine, 250 DNA single-strand breaks, 250 Hypovitaminosis ascorbic acid, prevalence of and prediction of, 339 fzUagic acid, inhibition of nitrosamine- induced lung tumors by, 181 Immunochemistry, low levels of p53 Ellagitannins, 182 undetectable by, 243 Emphysema, 55 lndole-3-carbinol, modulation of nitrosamine Endogenous nitrosation, 213 tumorigenesis by, 190 Endonucleases, 251 Intercellular communication, upregulation of, Endothelial barrier function, 100 162 Endothelial cell injury, 99 Intragastric nitrosation, 213 Environmental tobacco smoke, 20 Iron chelator, 47 Enzymes, zinc-dependent. 103 Isothiocyanates, protective effect of, 187 Epigallocatechin gallate, 195, 202 Erythrocytes, oxidative hemolysis of, 31 Excigarette smokers, 130 Jurkat T (human lymphoma) cells, 42 Fatty acids, endothelial cells injured by, 101 Leukocyte/endothelium interaction, 112 Ferritin, 17 Linoleic acid, intake of, by smoking category, Finnish men, vitamin E and lung cancer study 133 of, 280-285 Lipid oxidation, effect of aldehyde on, 76 Fish oil concentrates, 67 Lipid peroxidation, 165 Fish oil feeding, 119 atherosclerosis and, 111 Fluorescence analysis of DNA unwinding cigarette smoke-induced, 31 assay, 21 relation of, to coronary heart disease risk Foam cells, macrophages transformed into, 93 factors, 120 Food frequency questionnaire, 131, 311 Lipoproteins, appropriate in vivo model of, Food groups, 134 110 median weekly intake, by tobacco use Low density lipoprotein status, 314 cigarette-smoke extract modified, 92 SUBJECT INDEX 363 increased levels of platelet-activating factor Odds ratios, hypovitaminosis ascorbic acid in, 105 risk, 336-337 Lung adenoma assay, 178 Oxidative damage Lung cancer carotenoid inhibition of, 164 risk of, vitamin E and, 280-285 cigarette smoke-induced, 31 smoking and dietary habits in relation to, cigarette smoking and, 290-291 302 Oxidative DNA damage, nitrosamine Lutein, 168 carcinogenesis and. 1% Lycopene, 168 Oxidative stress cigarette smoking and, 289 endothelial cells subjected to, 100 Oxygen consumption, measurement of, 42 ^Macrophages rat alveolar, 21 transformation of, into foam cells, 93 Mechanism, protective, of vegetable P53 consumption, 187 expression of protein encoded by, 243 Membrane order, measurement of, 43 role of, in tumor cell inhibition, 272 Membrane oxidation, 9 Pancreas tumors, 156 Membranes, oxidation of lipids in, 30 Peroxy nitrate, 19 Methionine, 19 Phagocytes, 53 Methionine sulfoxide, 19 Phenylalkylisothiocyanates, chemopreventive 3- Methylcholanthrene, 162 potential of, 150 4- (Methy Initrosamino)-1 -(3-pyridyl)-1 - Plasma antioxidant concentrations, effect of butanone, metabolism of, 151 aldehyde on, 76 4-(N-Methy 1-N-nitrosamino)-1 -(3-pyridyl)-1 - Platelet aggregability, increase of, by butanone, 214 smoking, 303 4-(N-Methyl-N-nitrosamino)-4-(3-pyridyl)-1 - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, vitamin A butanal, 214 protection and, 204 Mixed-function oxidases, metabolism of Polymorphonuclear leukocytes vitamin A altered by, 204 effect of cigarette smoke on, 41, 46 MONICA, 348 overproduction of oxidants by, 232 Mutation, p53-encoding gene, 243 Polyphenolic compounds, pulmonary carcinogenesis prevention by, 177 Polyunsaturated fat, coronary heart disease N^-myc, 273 and, 130 National Health and Nutrition Examination Protection, 101 Survey, Second, 311, 336 phenethyl isothiocyanate, 187 Neoplastic transformation, inhibition of, by Protein modification, effect of aldehyde on, 76 carotenoids, 163 a-1-Proteinase inhibitor, human, inactivation Nested case-control study, 281 of, 18 Neutrophils, activated, tar-pretreated lung Protooncogene, 274 cells exposed to, 253 Pseudooxynicotine, 214 Nicotine, mechanism of conversion to 4-(N- ring-chain tautomerism of, 221 methyl-N-nitrosamino)-4-(3-pyridyl)-1- Pseudooxynicotine nitrosation, rate law of, butanone, 224 224 Nicotine nitrosation, 213 Pulmonary tissue, peroxidative damage in, mechanism of, 217 292 rate law of, 217 Nitric oxide, 15 Nitrogen dioxide, 15 ^Questionnaire, reliance only on, 288 N-Nitrosamines, production of, during Quinone radical system, 13 tobacco curing, 177 Nitrosonomicotine, 214 Nonsmokers, dietary patterns of, 310 Nuclear magnetic resonance, 44 dical generation from cigarette smoke in Nutrient intake, 130 aqueous solution, 40, 45 median daily, by tobacco use status, 313 Reactive oxidants, 54 364 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Reactive oxygen metabolites, cigarette smoke Trypan-Blue, 42 and, 249 Tumor cells Recommended daily allowance, ascorbic acid, carotenoids inhibit growth of, 234 340 cytotoxic effects of peripheral blood Respiratory tract lining fluids, effects of in mononuclear cells on, 233 vivo cigarette smoke exposure on, 73 Tumor necrosis factor, endothelial cell Retinoids, 164 integrity and, 103-104 Retinol, dietary intake of, by smoking group, Tumorigenic agents, 146 353 Retinyl palmitate, 274 tiric acid levels, 65 Urinary marker, phenethyl isothiocyanate as, Scottish Heart Health Study, 348 190 Scottish MONICA Antioxid^t Vitamin Urinary cotinine concentrations, 288 Study, 348 US recommended daily allowance, 126 Selenium, breast cancer and, 287 Semiquinone/hydroquinone equilibrium, 13 Serum carotene, dietary values of, 355 /3-^^ery low density lipoprotein, 66 Serum retinol, dietary values of, 355 Vitamin A depletion, /3-carotene and, 203 Serum vitamin C, dietary values of, 354 Vitamin C, 23, 55, 67 Serum vitamin E, dietary values of, 354 dietary sources of, 350 Sister chromatid exchanges, decrease in, with intake of /3-carotene, 232 by smokers, 293 Smokers (see Cigarette smokers) by smoking group, 352 Smoking status, misclassiflcation of, 288 plasma concentrations of, and incidence of Smooth muscle cells, 66 coronary heart disease, 120 Spin adduct, 17, 41 Vitamin E, 23, 55, 67 Spin-lattice relaxation time, 44 inhibition of leukocyte adhesion by, 118 Splenocytes, rat, 21 intake of, by smoking group, 352 Supercarp program, 336 lung cancer risk among nonsmokers and, Superoxide, 18-19 285 Superoxide dismutase, 119 plasma concentrations of, and incidence of activities of, in smokers, 293 coronary heart disease, 120 effect of, on cigarette smoke extract “protection and sparing of,” by vitamin C, modified low density lipoprotein, 92 70 protective effect of, 44 smoking-related disorders mediated by, 292 Supplementation, vitamin, 341 tissue protective properties of, 101 Systolic blood pressure, 125 Vitamin E status, estimation of, 284 Vitamin E supplementation, 124 T lymphocytes, effect of cigarette smoke on physi<^ properties of, 42, 47 atercress, source of dietary phenethyl Tar, DNA damage promoted by, 253 isothiocyanate in, 190 Tar values, 180 White cells, 118 Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, 66, Wine consumption, French paradox partly 92, 123, 165 explciined by, 307 Thymocytes, rat, 21 Tissue stores of vitamin A, 288 Tobacco smoking history, 1-2 X!-irradiation, neoplastic transformation Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines, 140 induced by, 163 Tocopherol, predictors of serum levels of, 330 of-Tocopherol, 46 mutagen and carcinogen effect modulated ^Toung people, 71 by, 229-238 tissue protective properties of, 101 Transcription factors, 273, 275 Tjms,, endothelial cell integrity and, 102 Index of Contributors .^k.nderson, R., 53-65 Kita, T., 91-98 Antoniades, D. Z., 262-279 Knekt, P., 280-288 Arai, H., 91-98 Komuro, E., 29-38 Arthur, J. R., 120-129 Krinsky, N. I., 229-242 IBeattie, J. A. G., 120-129 Leanderson, P., 249-261 Bertram, J. S., 161-176 Lehr, H.-A., 112-119 Bolton-Smith, C., 347-360 Booysen, U., 53-65 Brown, K. M., 120-129 ^Jarcocci, L., 72-90 Butt, S. A., 243-248 McClain, C. J., 99-111 Minamisawa, S., 29-38 Morrice, P. C., 120-129 Caldwell, W. S., 213-228 Morse, M. A., 186-202 Castonguay, A., 177-185 Myer, M. S., 53-65 Chow, C. K., 289-298 Chung, F.-L., 140-160, 186-202 Colditz, G., 323-334 ^farumiya, S., 91-98 Cross, C. E., 39-52, 72-90 Niki, E., 29-38 De Lorgeril, M., 299-309 O’Neill, C. A., 72-90 deBethizy, J. D., 213-228 Oikawa, M., 29-38 Diana, J. N., 1-11, 99-111 Dobson, G. P., 213-228 Duthie, G. G., 120-129 Packer, L., 39-52, 72-90 Pryor, W. A., 12-28 Pyke, S., 130-139 Edes, T. E., 203-212 Eklind, K. I., 186-202 ]R.enaud, S., 299-309 Reznick, A. Z., 72-90 Field, J. K., 243-248 Richards, G. A., 53-65 Frei, B., 72-90 Rimm, E., 323-334 Rivenson, A., 140-160 Robertson, J. D., 120-129 Cfosney, J. R., 243-248 Gosney, M. A., 243-248 Greene, J. M., 213-228 Schectman, G., 335-346 Gysbers, D. S., 203-212 Schwartz, J. L., 262-279 Scott, E. A., 130-139 Shortt, C. T., 120-129 Ilarats, D., 66-71 Sluis-Cremer, G. K., 53-65 Harlan, L. C., 310-322 Stein, O., 66-71 Hennig, B., 99-111 Stein, Y., 66-71 Hoffmann, D., 140-160 Stone, K., 12-28 Hu, M.-L., 72-90 Subar, A. F., 310-322 Suzuki, Y. J., 39-52 liyama, M., 91-98 ^ T'heron, A. J., 53-65 James, W. P. T., 120-129 Thompson, R. L., 130-139 365 366 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Thompson, S. G., 130-139 Wood, D. A., 130-139 Tsuchiya, M., 39-52 Wynder, E. L., 140-160 Ueda, Y., 91-98 Ueyama, K., 91-98 Xu, Y., 186-202 an Antwerpen, L., 53-65 Van der Merwe, C. A., 53-65 Yokode, M., 91-98 Walker, K. A., 120-129 Wolmarans, L., 53-65 Zhao, S., 262-279