ANNALS OF Philadelphia, and Pennsylvania, IN THE OLDEN TIME; BEING A COLLECTION OF MEMOIRS, ANECDOTES, AND INCIDENTS OF THE CITY AND ITS INHABITANTS, AND OF THE EARLIEST SETTLEMENTS OF THE INLAND PART OF PENNSYLVANIA;

876 Pages·1884·54.9 MB·English

by  John F. Watson, Willis P. Hazard (ed.)

; ;
ANNALS
or
BEINGACOLLECTIONOP
IMIEXKIOIRS, AIJSCDOTES, &. INCIDBKTS
OFTHE
CITYJiJ^I) ITS IJSTHJiBITJlJ^TS
FROM
THE DAYS OF THE PILGRIM FOUNDERS.
INTENDEDTO PRESERVETHERECOLLECTIONSOF OLDENTIME, AND
TO EXHIBIT SOCIETY IN ITS CHANGES OF MANNERS AND
CUSIOMS, AND THE CITY IN ITS LOCAL CHANGES
AND IMPROVEMENTS.
TOWHICHISADDED
AN APPENDIX,
OLDENTIMERESEARCHESANDREMINISCENCESOF
NEWYORKCITY.
'Oh!dearisutaleoftheoldentime!"
"Wherepeep'dthehut,thepalacetowers
WJohyergaeilsykciamrmol'sd,twhheerbaerkw,asthseilweanrc-eshriupdelowers:
Andcultur'dthousandsthrongthesolitude."
BYJOHNF.WATSON,
MemberoftheHistoricalSocietyofPennsylvania.
PHILADELPHM,
E. 1. CAREY & A. hart;
J^EWYORK,
G. & C. & H.CARVILI.
1830.
;
EASTERJ^DISTR'lCtOFPEJf^rSYLtAJ^IJ}, Totmf.
*******% Beitremembered,thatonthetwentj-fourthdayofJune,inthetifty-lourtii
II*,L*.*S«.*»^yF-eaWraotfstohne,IonfdtehpeensdaiedncDiestorfictth,ehaUsnidteepdosSittaetdesinotfhiAsmoefrfiicceat,hAe.tiDtl.eo1f83a0,BJooohkn,
(lierightwhereofheclaimsasauthor,inthewordsfollowing,towit:.
"AnnalsorPhiladelphia,beingacollectionofMemoirs,Anecdotes,andIncidentsof
theCityanditsInhabitants,fromthedaysofthePilgrimFounders. Intendedtopre-
saAenprdpveecnudtshitexo,mrescc,oonlatlnaedicnttiihnoegnscOioltfydeionnlidTlesinlmoteciamKlee,cshaeanandrgcethsoeseaxnahdnidbiimtRpersmooicvnieiemsteycneitnnsc.eitssTocfohNawnehgiwecshYooisfrakmdaCdinetndye.Arns
"Oh!dearisataleoftheoldentime!"
"Wherepeep'dthehut,thepalacetowers
Whereskimni'dthebark,thewar-shiplowers:
JAonydgcaiullytucra'rdoltsh,owushaenrdeswtahsrosnigletnhceesrouldietu;de."
ByJohnF.Watson,MemberoftheHistoricalSocietyofPennsylvania."
InconformitytotheActoftheCongressoftheUnitedStates,intituled,"AnActforthe
eAnuctohuorrasgaenmdenPtroopfriLeetaorrnsinogf,subcyhsCeocpuireinsgdutrhiengCotphieeTsiomfesMatphse,reiCnhamretnstiaonndedB.o"oksA,nldoatlhseo
taogetmheenAtcto,feLnteiatrlneidn,g",AbnysAecctursiunpgpltehmeeCnotpaii-eystoofAMnapAsc,t,Cehnatrittlsedan"dABnooAkcst,ftoortthheeAeuntchoourr-s
andProprietorsofsuchCopiesduringtheTimesthereinmentioned,"andextendingthe
Benefits thereoftothe Artsofdesigning,engraving,andetchinghistoricalandother
Prints." D.CALDWELL,
ClerkoftheEasternDistrictofPennsylvania
Bjllmeyei-—Printer
KiLLOFTHEHISTORICALSOCIETYOFPE^XA'SYLVAJWIA.
PhUailelph'uuJune7, 1830.
Atastatedmeetingheklthisevening, itwas
Resolved,—ThAttheSocietybeinginlorniedthat John F.Wat-
son,Esq. oneofitsmembers, wasabonttopublishaworkentitled
"AnnalsofPhiladelphia,"whichhavingbeen examined and
found to be authentic, curious, and highlyinteresting in many
respects,itisrccomujendedtotliepatronageofthosewho feel an
attachmenttoourcity, andtakeaninterestinits primitive char-
acter.
Ordered,tliatacopyofthisresolutionbe furnished to JohnF.
Watson, Esq.
ROBERTS VAUX,VicePresident.
JoshuaFrancisFishee, Secretaryp. t.
.IBVEMTISBMEMT.
"Iprayyou,letussatisfyoureyes
Withthememorialsandthethingsoffame
Tliatdorenownthiscity."
THISwork, dedicatedtotheHistorical SocietyofPennsyUa-
niabyoneofitsmembers, isdesignedto revive the recollections
and thepeculiar traits and characteristics of the olden time; to
givetothe present race of Philadelphians curious and amusing
factsfromtimesby-gone,ofwhichfewornonehavehadany|)roper
conception. Itisanefforttorescuefromtheebbingtideofoblivion,
allthosefugitivememorialsofunpublishedfactsandobservations,
or reminiscences and traditions, which could best illustrate the
domestichistoryofourformerdays. Assuchawork is without
exampleforitsimitation,itmaybedeemedsnigenerisinitsexecu-
tion. Ithas, however,powersto—pleaseapartfrom its style and
composition,becauseitisineffect amuseumofwhateverisrare,
surprising, oragreeableconcerningtheprimitivedaysofourpil-
grimforefathers,orofthesubsequentchangesbytheirsons,either
iV Jldvertisement.
inthealterationsandimprovementsofgiven localities, or in the
modesandformsof"changingmen and manners," It is a pic-
tureofthedoingsandcharacteristicsofa''huriedage." Bythe
images which theirrecitals create in the imagination, the ideal
presenceisgenerated; andwetalkandthinkwith ''menof otiier
days.'*
Herein, the aged mayfind readyassistance to travel back in
memorytothescenesandgamholsoftheirsjmrtiveinnocentyouth:
andtheyouthofourcitymayregaletlieirfancieswithrecitalsas
novel—andasmarvelloustotheirwonderingmindsastheArabian
talcs evenwhiletheyhavethegratificationtocommingleinidea
withtheplays and sjjorts oftheir ow^« once youthful ancestors.
Thedullunheedingcitizenwhowrites'"miadmirai'i^'onthemost
ofthings,mayhereseecause*'towonderthatlieneversawbefore
whatheshowshim, and that he never yet had felt what heim-
presses!" To Philadelphians settled in distant countries, these
particularsconcerning "Sweet Home" would present the most
welcomegifttheirfriendsherecouldofferthem.
Itisnottooromanticto presume that a dayis coming,if not
alreadyan-ivcd, v»henthememorabiliaofPhiladelpliia, andof its
primitiveinhabitants, sodifferentfromthepresent, willbehighly
a])preciatedbyalltliose wliocanfeelintellectualpleasuresintrav-
ellingback the valeof years, and conferring with the *'mighty
<icad/' Sucliwillgivetheirtlianksandtheirgratitudetolabours
humbleasthese; for, Ihavenotaimedtogivethemtliat"—])aijited
form"wiujh mightallure byits ornaments ofrhetoric: I liave
ratherrepressedtheexcursivefancyIsometimescouldnotbutfeel.
Myobjecthasnotbeentosayallwhich could have been adduced
on evt?ry topic, but to gather up the segregated facts in their
severalcases, whichothershad overlooked or disregarded, or to
savefugitivescraps,ifpublished, whichothersliadneglected.* In
thiswayIhavechieflyaimedtofurnishthematerialbywhichbet-
terornioreambitiouswriterscouldelaboratemoreformalhistory,
and from wiiich as a repository, our future p—oets, painters, and
imaginativeauthors,coulddeducetheirthemes fortheirownand
theircountry'sglory. Scantythereforeasthese crude materials
iniiy])vo\c,Jictionmaysome daylend its charms to amplifyand
consecrate/acis; and "Talesofancient Philadelphia," may be
touchedbygeniusandmadeimmortal!
tttnoohi,rao*indacIesattrlhtmHeolSaeocbyceoisbmeisetzmeeyeno,noonttfiihntcaPeetetxdnht,ine;nsatasymwlnoavdosaptnfMrriSoceaoa.q.fsueebsonoIftotolkfythsha,wresehecciobiatlterhaeeeelnrsawriifltntriihcomtlihmewtesheodiPthchhaeaihvrllessat,ohdbieesatleopwsnhmooiaornalmekliLteihtvrbaeorstdlay,brupyemae,eenn,dhoaroorsfneilsnboytevrtreiehencrefteeusHdrsiirzesetedd-o^
rathorthanpresentthenameof"twovolumes"onsountriedasubject.
PREFACE.
— —
OITRloveofantiquities,—thecontemplationofdaysby-gone,
isanimpressoftheDeity. Itisourhold on immortality. The
sameaffectionwhichmakesusreachforwardandpeepintofuturity,
promptsustotravelback to the hidden events which transpired
beforeweexisted. Wethusfeelourspan ofexistence prolonged
even while we have the pleasure to identifyourselves with the
scenes ortheemotions ofour forefathers. For the sam—e cause
relics are so earnestlysouglit and sedulouslypreserved, "they
are full of local impressions," and transfer the mind back to
''scenesbefore."
AsAmericans,weseeinashortlifemorenumerousincidentsto
exciteourobservationandmoveourwonder,thananyotherpeople
ontheglobe. Theverynewness ofour historyministers to our
moralentertainmentandincreasesourinterestinconteni])latingthe
passingevents. Asinglelifeinthisrapidly-growingcountry,wit-
nessessuchchangesintheprogressof society,and in the embel-
lishments ofthe arts, as would require a term of centuries to
witness infull-grown Europe. If we have no ruins of Pompeii
andHerculaneumtoemployourresearches; no incomprehensible
StonehengenorCircleofDendaratomoveourwonder; we have
abundantthemesofunparalleled surprise in following down the
marchofcivilizationandimprovement,from the first landing of
ourpilgrimforefatherstothepresenteventfulday!
Thewealthandambition ofa potent prince mayhave accom-
plishedamagnificentcityinshorter time upon the batiks ofthe
Neva; but in this countrywe have manyequal wonders bythe
energiesandresourcesofapeople, untillately *'nopeople." The
wisdomofourfreeinstitutionshasmadeourlandthedesiredasy-
lumoftheoppressed. Herehumanlifeisnotwantonlywastedin
ambitiousbroilsforsovereignty; wethereforebehold ourpopula-
tionquadrupledinatermoffortyyears, and our hardypioneers
subduingthesoil,oradvancingtheirsettlements, fromtheAtlan-
tictothePacificwave. Canals, rivalinginmagnitudetheboasted
aqueductsofimperialRomeareinsuccessfuloperation. Bythese
and turnpikes, inaccessibledistrictsarebroughtnigh: mountains
chargedwithmetallictreasuresareentered, andtheir deposits of
it"on,coal, andlead, &c. lavished over the land. Citi—es, towns,
andvillages, ariseinthe West, as ifbyenchantment. Manyof
theirpresentinhabitantsredeemedtheirsoils from awaste howl-
B
—
;
vi Freface.
ifprnarrffioffvmswaitotlefwdeelsnrattnwrye,ispstec.odomebIimungenhrtltceivsinsagm,lit"lhlacihonoadnsets,w.geoantOntudyurpybneotaaolvrdpys,odowiufeprrrlooemamxnap*cdo'yrcr,toescnhkhoa-awvhvneoe.atggsrroOoawuwnnrnd
intoamaturedandlearnedsystem. Ourinventionsandimprove-
mentsinthearts,whichbeganbutyesterday,makeus,evennow,
'•awonderunto many;" and our vapour vessels,whiletheyfill
aalnldouMriswsaoutreir,saarnedaocvceormcmoomdeatthiengraapniddsenorficohuirnggtrheeatolMdiwssoirslsdipbpyi
theiradoptionandimitation. Herewehaveno lordlypotentates
isntacnhduirncgh,ar"mlioersdtiongenidtanogveerrtthieieircloinbsecrtiieensce;snoofdetshpeotpseotoplrei;o"tnono
tahseaopsidifr-eis-soivoenrnoefdtpheeopslueb,jectth.attNhaeyf,acstooefxaolutredexaarmcpolueraprnidvihlaegpepsu,
ntehesIsfriitsog'pobiucirsddolfiilndigcestfphaoeitsriec,togwohrvieecgrhennemenertnaettresitnohttorheotruhgenhaoctuoitmonmtsho,enowrhoirtslotdorm!yodoefraotuer
o-rowingcities, maybethejustprideand gloryofan American,
mustnotthe annals which detail such facts, (and to such,these
pa<^esaredevoted,)becalculatedtoaflbrdhimdeepinterest; and
csehsosuilvdeitstneoptsbebyhiswh])ircofhitwaeswhealvleasjjaimougsreesmseendtftroomtraccoemptahreatsiuvce-
siothingness,tobe"apraiseintheearth!*'
Thereareminds,feelingandcultivated,which can derive rich
moralpleasurefromthemeslikethose, for
'•Isthereamanwithsoulsodead
Whonevertohimselfhathsaid
Thisismijown,mynativeland.'"
phiSaucahndaPfeheillahdieslpshoiual)!,pamratavkenrowofstitasndgruapnodneutlri.csitHeeofbPehhiolladdscla-
cityandlibertieswithapopulation of 110,000 souls, assessed at
amevnatlsueofofpr4i3ncmeillylimoangsnioffidcoelnlcaersa;ndcoenxtpaeinndiintgureed.ifiHceeslaonodksitmhprroouvge-h
thelongvistaof])rogressiveages, andimaginestowhatwideex-
tendedrangeshemayyetrun. Heforesees,asat no distant pe-
rciloods,elwyhceonmpaalclttehdehaourseeas,fr"osmtrreitvcehrintgo srtirveeertwoinllstbreeetf.il"ledFwriotmh
such elevation and comprehension ofthought,he looks back on
thepast. Onlysevenscoresofyearshavepast since the plot of
tahnidswwhiodret-lsepbreerardiecsi.tylTahyeinniwtowoadssdoarilwyasttreavefiresledds obfybslwaacrktbheryriIens-
dians, andthe leafyarbouis were vocal with plumed songsters
aotfsouucrheantcerrispirsi,sihnegsfeeosunadnedrcso—ntshiedyerhsatdhetolaenndcionugntaerndansdettsluebmdeunet
innumerableinconvenienceswhichrichesand the arts have since
changedorhiddenfromoureyes. Theheadsandthehandswhich
i-hievedthose(hoiesbenefitsforusare no more; we now tread
—
Frej'(ic£, vii
liicirasliosbeneathtiicsoil whichtheysubduedlorouruse. Oh!
thememoryofitistouciiing,
" • Andtheheartisstone
Thatfeelsnotatit,oritfeelsatnone!"
A Philad—elphian has everyreason to prize and venerate sucii
forefathers, menof peaceandmenof worth. Tlieexcellencyof
tlifmoralswhichregulated their lives, infused itself into all the
institutionswhichtiiey, aspublic oHicers,cstablisliedfortlic gov-
ernmentof thepeople. Wetheir descendants will embalm their
memory,becauseweinherit and enjoythe rich patrimonywhich
theirwisdomandenterprisecreated.
The progress of such a society, originating our present fiur
*^Cityofbrotherlylove,"becomestherefore,ifdulytold,ataleof
stirringinterest,andshouldbethefavouritethemeofhersons?
—
"Gocallthysons, instructthemwhatadebt
Theyowe—theirancestors,andmakethemswear
7'o/layit, bytransmittingdownentire
Thosesacredi-ightstowhichthemselveswereborn!'"
Suchviewsandsuchfeelingsimpressedandimbuedthemindof
theautJ^or,elsehehadneverattempted these pages. His stimu-
lusw;is^njrelyconamore; recompensehedidnotcontemplate,and
t: i' necouldillsparefromother engagements, wherefore, indul-
genceforcasualimperfectionsisbutjustlyduefromtheconsiderate
reader, ii^wroteatfirstforhissolegratification,neverintending
hiscollectionsfortiiepubliceye, nornow does he encounter that
ordealbutbytheencouragementofthosefriendswhoare willing
toaccepttheperforaiance bytheir sense of his limitedmeans to
perfectit. Ifitshouldstimulateotherstoaddto these materials
itwillbeagratefulservice. Andiftheexample, thus set to the
sister cities of NewYork, Boston, &c. should engage minds of
kindredfeelingsandadequateindustrytomakesimilarcollections
oftheirdomestichistory,theusefulnessofthepresent publication
willbestillmorefeltandacknowledged; andtheeventual aimof
theauthorstillmoreaccomplished.*
havWeebesehnoutlhdensoutbjfeocrtgeotftmhaesneythheinagvsen:-dOeusrcelnadnedd, amnerdcioeusr.faTthheerys
wholovetocontemplatethecause ofthe numerous effects, so in-
dicativeofourblessingsasanation, willregarditnotlessaduty
ofpietythanofpatriotism, tothuspreservetheirmemorial.
*TheAnnalsofPortsmouth,Lewis'HistoryofLinn,Gibbs'CollectionsofSalem,and
Davis'NoticesofPlymouth,arealreadyworksofthenaturewhichwewishtoseemult'
pliedinourcountry.
;;
COJVTENTS.
PAGE.
GeneralIntroductoryHistory, . . - _ . i
EpitotneofPrimitive, Colonial,andPhiladelphiaHistory, 7
FragmentsofthePrimitiveHistory, embracingSalariesto
Officers; Value of Customs; Tobacco Cultivation; Fair-
mbtliaootrlguerunaetstsoo;ifnTtgAhhnteceoiFeLFrnoaitcwetnePidurosbnl;CiocaPaugetnaniitnoni'nsesstsso;PunerPonrruienrmn;idHteiCirsivvtteioolrtyCh.eGoomCvmreeorr.wncnme;e.n;PteCna.entm'a-s- 36
ThePrimitiveSettlement—itsIncidents, - - - - 51
Factsand Occurrencesofthe Primitive Settlement, inclu-
dingItemsoftheOldenTime,fromtheminutesoftheAssem-
. bLoiifysPtohfoilfPaedMneanlsypyohlirvasa,ntiooaf,yePaahnridl1af6dr9eol6mp;htiWhaem;m.iGnauFbitrseihsebloofuTrthnhoeem'CsaisNt'yarCrAoacutcniovcueinltto
ThtehePyeenanrF17a:m19i,ly—- pri-mitiv-eRac-e,embracingbusinesscon- 5i>
coenrdnsArorfivWaill;liCaamusPeesnnof;PPeennn'nsthreetFuornunhdoemre;;WPmen.n'Psendne'ssigsneci-n
foundinghisColony; CausesofPenn'specuniaryembarrass-
mvHW/eiimnfset.;sIlP;lPeneneHsnins,snaJmnraG.dle-;n-DteJreaoea-lahtotnhgm;yePne;tHninsfTr;hoPemoWrmttPr.heaeintAn;FuobFrMradremssiy.;lyaPHneadnonnf'nLsaatehhtLeiet-iPtRateoe-nyrhnasis;l
Tudorrace, 95
Penn'sDescendants, Ill
TheLandingofPennatChester, 117
TheLandingofPennattheBlueAnchorInn, - - 121
TheTreatyTreeandFairman'sMansion, - - - 125
TheSwedes'Church,an-dHo_useo-fSve-nSe.ner ---- 133
Penny-potHouseandLanding, 139
Poole'sBridge, 143
Penn'sCottagei—nLsetitiaCourt, 145
Slate-roofHouse Penn'sResidence, - - - - 151
TheRiver-frontBank, 155
TheCaves, --------- 159
Habits andStateofSociety, 161
Apparel 171
CONTENTS. iX
PAGE.
FurnitureandEquipage, - - - - - 183
Changesand ImprovementsinPublic and Domestic Com-
nltmSoaiteireutnsiKs;riea;scnWLhdaieannCndmdosponP;wvsae-cnIkgacielneetadnssHcCs;eoo;sPun,ossDrteiicasnabhcll;elsesuSosd;hni;aHnHgdoPoeuauWsvTseeerelsmesleeassn;n,tdaPsnlS;datto-PerBuerSsimtdopagvl-seetess;r;e;WdB-Pa;autlbCcclehoil--c-- 191
Changesin Residencesand Places of Business, including
Meic.iants lived in Water Street; Places of Business and
sSmtiotrieisSclhioapnsg;edAu;cTtainoynsa;rdsBo;arRdo-pyeawradlsk;sC;heSshniuptyasrtdreset;,Black-- 203
Local Changes inStreetsandP-lace-s, i-nclud-ing.the.Gov-
er.;or's Woods; iiudson's Orchard; CityHills; Streetscut
Inndo(.v.a'tioornrsaiasnedd;NeMiwsceMlloadneeas,ofconducting Business, &c, 209
including Candidates for Office; Rum Distilleries; Potand
LtPeoerta-trcelerlylAa-rsbshroe;ksIenr;tseMl;illSilgeiecnnoecnreydO-fShftaiocnredess;C;lGoetHnhueecsrk-asaltnedrR-seShm;oaerP--akbwslna-oc-bnkrsvoa;krOe-iyrossu-s;
Items ofChange, - - - - - _ . . 217
ChangesinpricesofDiet,&c. 333
SuperstitionsandPopularCredulity, - - . . 227
SportsandAmusements, 237
Education, -" 245
PrimitiveCourtsandTrials, 251
CrimesandPunishments, 257
TheExcellenciesofPenn'sLaws, 261
ThePhiladelphiaBar, 265
MilitiaandColonialDefence,andCityVolunt-eer-s, - 271
Duels, - . 279
TheDrawbridgeandDockCreek, . . . . 333
TheOld Court-house, andFriends'Meeting, - - 295
HighStreetPrisona-ndMa-rket-Sha-mbles,, .- .-.- 301
TheStonePrison,S. W.cornerofTliirdandHighstreets, 305
MarketHouses, 397
TheArch StreetBridgeatFrontStreet, - - - 311
Shippen'sHouse, ^ -315
Benezet'sHousea—ndChesnutStreetBridge, - - 317
Clarke'sHall, &c ChesnutStreet, - - - - 321
Carpenter'sMansion, - - - - - . 323
ChristChurch, — 325
Friends'Bank-meeting FrontStreet, - - - 335
Friends'MeetingatCentreSquare,&c 337
TheLondonCoffee-house,&c. 339
StateHouseandYard, 343
StateHouseInn, --- -- -- .- .- .-.. 349
WashingtonSquare, 35X
Beek'sHollow, 35/5
X CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Norris'HouseandGarden, . - , , . 354
RobertMorris'Mansion, - . . . . 355
Loxiey'sHouse, andBatli-sheba-'sBa-tha.ndBo.wer,--_- 357
Duche'sHouse,&c. 359
Bingham'sMansion, 36O
TheBritishBarracks, - - - - - - 361
TheOldAcademy, 363
OfficeofSecretaryofForeignAffairs, - . - - 365
FortWilson, cornerofThirdand Walnutstreet, - - 368
FWriigegnldess'woArltmhs'hsouHsoeu;se,Whit-pain'-sGre'atHo-use, - - - - -337710
TheOldFerry; Offly'sAnchorForge,..- .- - 372
Baptisterion, 373
FortSt.David; Bachelor'sHall, - 374
TheDuckPond, cornerofFourtliandHighstreets, - - 376
Pegg'sRun, &c. 379
SpecimensoftheBestHouses, 386
RareOld—Houses, - - - - - - - SST
Churches TheFirstPresbyterianandBaptistWorshippers,
FLruitehnedrsa'n,MeeDtuitncghin.RAerfcorhmse.tdr,eetR;oE.maralniesCta.tPhroelsibcyst,.erMiaonraCvh.iuarnc,heSst,.
Paul's,andMethodists, - - - . - 389
PHoosopri-thaoluss,es, -..- -- .- .- -- 430909
LTiabvrearrnise,s, - --- .- -.- -- - .- - .- - - 440012
Theatres, 408
Custom-houses, - - - - - -412
Banks, 413
NorthEnd, .- .-..- .- .- - 415
SouthEndandSocietyHill, - - - - 421
WesternCommons,&c. . .-..- - . 423
Springs, ... 427
Gardens, - - - - - - - 430
PondsandSkatingPlaces, - 432
Firesan—dFireEngines, - - 434
.IndMBiaoasynsssa;crIeinsdnic;alnuAsds—isnopgcrieIastneidnoitnarnefVofriusgiePtrosefstetorhevPihDniegllaPadewelaapcrheeisa;;,TTAheledayriPmiassxctnaannngdg;
ThIesaPaicraSttiells;anMidsctehleliarnep.ai,racies.,—-inc.ludi-ng.Capt-a.inKid- and 4S7
song; Blackbeard; OtherPirates, - - 459
TheSwedes, - - - - - - 470
TheGermans, 472
TNehgeroIreissha,nd-Slaves,- - - - - -. - - - - - 447779
RedemptionSerraijts, - - - - - 485