Animal Metropolis: Histories of Human-Animal Relations in Canada

360 Pages·2017·26.414 MB·English

by  Darcy Ingram, Christabelle Sethna, Joanna Dean

EDITED BY
Joanna Dean, Darcy Ingram, and Christabelle Sethna
ANIMAL
METROPOLIS
HISTORIES OF HUMAN-ANIMAL
RELATIONS IN URBAN CANADA
ANIMAL
METROPOLIS
Canadian History and Environment Series
Alan MacEachern, Series Editor
ISSN 1925-3702 (Print) ISSN 1925-3710 (Online)
The Canadian History & Environment series brings together scholars from
across the academy and beyond to explore the relationships between people
and nature in Canada’s past.
Alan MacEachern, Founding Director
NiCHE: Network in Canadian History & Environment
Nouvelle initiative canadienne en histoire de l’environnement
http://niche-canada.org ANIMAL
No. 1 ∙ A Century of Parks Canada, 1911–2011
Edited by Claire Elizabeth Campbell
METROPOLIS
No. 2 ∙ Historical GIS Research in Canada
Edited by Jennifer Bonnell and Marcel Fortin
No. 3 ∙ Mining and Communities in Northern Canada:
History, Politics, and Memory
Edited by Arn Keeling and John Sandlos
No. 4 ∙ Canadian Countercultures and the Environment
Edited by Colin M. Coates
No. 5 ∙ Moving Natures:
Mobility and the Environment in Canadian History
Edited by Ben Bradley, Jay Young, and Colin M. Coates
No. 6 ∙ Border Flows:
A Century of the Canadian-American Water Relationship
Edited by Lynne Heasley and Daniel Macfarlane
No. 7 ∙ Ice Blink:
Navigating Northern Environmental History
Edited by Stephen Bocking and Brad Martin
No. 8 ∙ Animal Metropolis:
Histories of Human-Animal Relations in Urban Canada
Edited by Joanna Dean, Darcy Ingram, and Christabelle Sethna
EDITED BY
Joanna Dean, Darcy Ingram, and Christabelle Sethna
ANIMAL
METROPOLIS
HISTORIES OF HUMAN-ANIMAL
RELATIONS IN URBAN CANADA
Canadian History and Environment Series
ISSN 1925-3702 (Print) ISSN 1925-3710 (Online)
© 2017 Joanna Dean, Darcy Ingram, and Christabelle Sethna
University of Calgary Press
2500 University Drive NW
Calgary, Alberta
Canada T2N 1N4
press.ucalgary.ca
This book is available as an ebook which is licensed under a Creative Commons license. The
publisher should be contacted for any commercial use which falls outside the terms of that license.
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
          Animal metropolis : histories of human-animal relations in urban Canada
/ edited by Joanna Dean, Darcy Ingram, and Christabelle Sethna.
(Canadian history and environment series ; 8)
Includes index.
Issued in print and electronic formats.
ISBN 978-1-55238-864-8 (softcover).—ISBN 978-1-55238-865-5 (open access PDF).—
ISBN 978-1-55238-866-2 (PDF).—ISBN 978-1-55238-867-9 (EPUB).—
ISBN 978-1-55238-868-6 (Kindle)
          1. Human-animal relationships—Canada.  2. Human-animal relationships—
Canada--History.  3. Urban animals—Canada.  4. Urban animals—Canada—
History.  5. Animals and civilization—Canada.  6. Animals and civilization—
Canada—History.  7. Urban ecology (Sociology)—Canada.  8. Urban ecology
(Sociology)—Canada—History.  9. Urban wildlife management—Canada. 
10. Urban wildlife management—Canada—History.  I. Dean, Joanna, editor 
II. Ingram, Darcy, editor  III. Sethna, Christabelle Laura, 1961-, editor 
IV. Series: Canadian history and environment series ; 8
QL85.A546 2017                               304.2’70971                             C2017-900231-7
                                                                                                             C2017-900232-5
The University of Calgary Press acknowledges the support of the Government of Alberta through the
Alberta Media Fund for our publications. We acknowledge the financial support of the Government
of Canada. We acknowledge the financial support of the Canada Council for the Arts for our
publishing program.
This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Canadian Federation for the
Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Awards to Scholarly Publications Program, using funds
provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
Front cover art: “Sovereign” by Mary Anne Barkhouse
Copyediting by Peter Enman
Cover design, page design, and typesetting by Melina Cusano
Table of Contents
Illustrations vii
Tables xii
Acknowledgements xiii
Introduction: Canamalia Urbanis 1
Darcy Ingram, Christabelle Sethna,
and Joanna Dean
1. The Memory of an Elephant: Savagery, Civilization, and 29
Spectacle
Christabelle Sethna
2. The Urban Horse and the Shaping of Montreal, 1840–1914 57
Sherry Olson
3. Wild Things: Taming Canada’s Animal Welfare Movement 87
Darcy Ingram
4. Fish out of Water: Fish Exhibition in Late Nineteenth-Century 115
Canada
William Knight
5. The Beavers of Stanley Park 139
Rachel Poliquin
v
6. Species at Risk: C. Tetani, the Horse, and the Human 155
Joanna Dean
7. Got Milk? Dirty Cows, Unfit Mothers, and Infant Mortality, 189
1880–1940
Carla Hustak
8. Howl: The 1952–56 Rabies Crisis and the Creation of the Urban 219
Wild at Banff
George Colpitts
9. Arctic Capital: Managing Polar Bears in Churchill, Manitoba 255
Kristoffer Archibald
10. Cetaceans in the City: Orca Captivity, Animal Rights, and 285
Environmental Values in Vancouver
Jason Colby
Epilogue: Why Animals Matter in Urban History, or Why Cities 309
Matter in Animal History
Sean Kheraj
Contributors 325
Index 329
vi ANIMAL METROPOLIS
Illustrations
1.1 T.H. Scott. Jumbo the elephant’s dead body with onlookers.
Photograph. C6 Sh6 B2 F5 #8: Andersons Limited Jumbo postcard,
ca. 1930. Courtesy of Elgin County Archives.
1.2 Display of Jumbo’s stomach contents. Photograph. Courtesy of
Elgin County Museum.
1.3 Ringling Brothers Circus Parade in St. Thomas. Photograph. Rll SS
Sh3 Bl F52 Parade of Circus Elephants ca. 1895, Ian D. Cameron
Collection, R. 110. Courtesy of Elgin County Archives.
1.4 Jumbo 100 Years Bumper Sticker. Colour illustration of elephant
and train 1885-1985. Courtesy of Elgin County Archives.
1.5 Jumbo monument surrounded by onlookers. Photograph. P 79:
Jumbo Monument, ca. 1985. Courtesy of Elgin County Archives.
2.1 Public carriage, Montreal, QC, about 1875. Photograph. Notman
Collection, McCord Museum, VIEW-1063.1.
2.2 Drawing hay to market across the St. Lawrence River, QC, 1903.
Photograph. Notman Collection, McCord Museum, VIEW-3618.
2.3 John Henry Walker. Horse and rider at gate, Look out for the
Engine. Drawing. McCord Museum, M991X.5.727.
2.4 John Henry Walker. W. M. Mooney & Co., Horse Shoe Nail Works.
Wood engraving. McCord Museum, M930.50.3.249.
vii
2.5 Cart entrance under a terrace of houses built ca 1871 on Mountain
Street near Wellington. Photograph. Courtesy of Jason Gilliland.
2.6 Cartways per thousand households by district, Montreal, 1912. Re-
created in MAP layers after Atlas of C.E. Goad 1912 and Census of
1901 population estimates. Map by Sherry Olson.
2.7 Mr. Wray’s horse and sleigh, Montreal, QC, 1870. Photograph.
William Notman, McCord Museum, I-44209.1.
2.8 Sick Horses, the Doctor’s Visit, 1872. Published in L’Opinion
publique, 7 November 1872. Lithograph. McCord Museum,
M985.230.5073.2.
3.1 H. Hardy. “Thoroughbred.” Painting reproduced in J. George
Hodgins, ed., Aims and Objects of the Toronto Humane Society
(Toronto: W. Briggs, 1888).
3.2 Canadian Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA)
Ladies’ Humane Education Committee. Fourth Annual Report.
(Montreal: Protestant Institution for Deaf-Mutes, 1873).
4.1 Report of Fish-Breeding in the Dominion of Canada, 1877.
(Ottawa, Queen’s Printer, 1878) 24-26. Digital file courtesy of
Stephen Crawford.
4.2 “Canada Court, showing Stuffed Fishes, Refrigerators etc.”
The Great International Fisheries Exhibition, London, 1883.
Photograph. Mikan No. 4111986. Courtesy of Library and Archives
Canada.
4.3 “Fisheries Building at the corner of Queen and O’Connor Streets.”
Photograph. Public Works Department, PA-046882. Courtesy of
Library and Archives Canada.
5.1 Rachel Poliquin. “A tree that has been wrapped with wire mesh to
prevent further beaver damage.” Photograph.
5.2 Map of Stanley Park, 1911. Map Cabinet C, Drawer 5. Courtesy of
the City of Vancouver Archives.
viii ANIMAL METROPOLIS
5.3 H. R. Stenton. “A beaver gnawing on a tree.” ca. 1920. Photograph.
AM54-S4: Misc P56. Courtesy of the City of Vancouver Archives.
5.4 “Beaver Lake.” Stanley Park, Vancouver, British Columbia. Classic
Postcards, Rootsweb http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.
com/~classicpostcards/Parent%20Directory/canada/britishcol/
bcolumbia.htm.
5.5 Major James Skitt Matthews. “The Beaver Enclosure in the Stanley
Park Zoo.” ca. 1911. Photograph. AM54-S4. Courtesy of the City of
Vancouver Archives.
5.6 Tobias Slezak. Beavers’ lodge, covered with shrubberies.
Photograph.
5.7 Rachel Poliquin. Veiled beaver in Stanley Park’s Nature House.
Photograph.
5.8 Tobias Slezak. Beaver Lake’s culvert, unplugged. Photograph.
5.9 Tobias Slezak. A wall build from branches and mud made from
debris removed from Beaver Lake culvert. Photograph.
6.1 “Injecting Toxin.” Photograph. Acc1076. Courtesy of Sanofi
Pasteur Canada (Connaught Campus) Toronto Archives.
6.2 “Bleeding a Horse.” Photograph. Acc1080A. Courtesy of Sanofi
Pasteur Canada (Connaught Campus) Toronto Archives.
6.3 Robert Defries, “The War Work of the Connaught and Antitoxin
Laboratories, University of Toronto,” The Varsity Magazine
Supplement (1918), 94-96. Courtesy of Sanofi Pasteur Canada
(Connaught Campus) Toronto Archives.
6.4 “Brick Top: A Real War Horse.” Photograph. Acc0708A. Courtesy
of Sanofi Pasteur Canada (Connaught Campus), Toronto Archives.
6.5 “Seeing her true friend. An Antitoxin producing horse at the
Connaught Laboratory Farm.” Color Lantern Slide. Ags020.
Courtesy of Sanofi Pasteur Canada (Connaught Campus) Toronto
Archives.
List of Illustrations ix