Animal life-cycle feeding and nutrition

336 Pages·1984·13.2 MB·English

by  Tilden Wayne Perry

ANIMAL LIFE-CYCLE
FEEDING AND NUTRITION
ANIMAL FEEDING AND NUTRITION
A Series of Monographs and Treatises
Tony J. Cunha, Editor
Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida
and
Dean Emeritus, School of Agriculture
California State Polytechnic University
Pomona, California
Tony J. Cunha, SWINE FEEDING AND NUTRITION, 1977
W. J. Miller, DAIRY CATTLE FEEDING AND NUTRITION, 1979
Tilden Wayne Perry, BEEF CATTLE FEEDING AND NUTRITION, 1980
Tony J. Cunha, HORSE FEEDING AND NUTRITION, 1980
Charles T. Robbins, WILDLIFE FEEDING AND NUTRITION, 1983
T. W. Perry, ANIMAL LIFE-CYCLE FEEDING AND NUTRITION, 1984
ANIMAL LIFE-CYCLE
FEEDING AND
NUTRITION
Tilden Wayne Perry
Department of Animal Sciences
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana
1984
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
(Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers)
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COPYRIGHT © 1984, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR
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PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER.
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
Orlando, Florida 32887
United Kingdom Edition published by
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD.
24/28 Oval Road, London NW1 7DX
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Perry, Tilden Wayne.
Animal life-cycle feeding and nutrition.
(Animal feeding and nutrition)
Includes index.
1. Animal nutrition. 2. Feeds. I. Title.
II. Series.
SF95.P415 1983 636.08'5 83-22414
ISBN 0-12-552060-3 (alk. paper)
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
84 85 86 87 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dedicated to the memory of
my mother, Ruth Mills Perry,
and
my father, Tilden D. Perry
This page intentionally left blank
Contents
Foreword xüi
Preface xv
I THE NUTRIENTS AND THEIR UTILIZATION
1 Carbohydrates
I. Types
3
II. Digestion
6
III. Absorption
7
IV. Metabolism
7
V. Conversion to Fat
VI. Lactic Acidosis
2 Lipids
I. Composition 9
II. Properties of Fats and Fatty Acids 9
III. Associated Compounds 11
IV. Digestion 11
V. Storage 12
VI. Oxidation 12
VII. Ketosis and Lipid Metabolism 13
VIII. Fat from Carbohydrates and Protein 13
IX. Functions 14
Proteins
I. Digestion 15
II. Essential versus Nonessential Amino Acids 18
III. Absorbed Amino Acids 19
IV. Fate of Amino Nitrogen—The Urea Cycle 19
V. Biological Value 20
Vlll Contents
VI. Specific Dynamic Action 20
References 21
4 Minerals
I. Calcium 22
II. Phosphorus 25
III. Potassium 27
IV. Sodium 28
V. Chlorine 29
VI. Magnesium 30
VII. Sulfur 31
VIII. Iodine 32
IX. Iron 34
X. Zinc 35
XI. Manganese 37
XII. Copper 38
XIII. Cobalt 39
XIV. Selenium 40
XV. Fluorine 41
XVI. Molybdenum 42
References 43
5 Vitamins
I. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 44
II. Water-Soluble Vitamins 52
References 59
6 Comparative Digestion of Nutrients by Ruminants, Swine,
Poultry, and Horses
I. Ruminant Digestion 60
II. Metabolic Disorders of Ruminants 64
III. Poultry Digestion 69
IV. Horse Digestion 69
References 71
7 Evaluation of Feedstuffs for Livestock
I. Proximate Analysis 72
II. Animal Feeding Trials 74
III. Digestion, Balance, and Metabolism Trials 74
IV. In Vitro Trials 75
V. Fistulated Animals 75
VI. Measures of Feed Energy 75
Contents
II FEEDSTUFFS
8 Pasture and Harvested Forages
I. Pastures
II. Hay and Pasture Grasses
III. Legumes for Forage
IV. Corn and the Sorghums for Forage
References
9 Cereal and Sorghum Grains and Their By-Products
I. Yellow Corn
II. Grain Sorghums
III. Oats
IV. Wheat
V. Barley
10 Protein Concentrates
I. Plant Sources
II. Animal Sources
III. Chemical Sources
11 Miscellaneous Feed Ingredients
I. Molasses and Similar Products
II. Other Molasses-Like Products
III. Potatoes
IV. Sweet Corn Cannery Residue
V. Animal Wastes (Manure)
VI. Grain Elevator Dust
VII. Other Miscellaneous Feedstuffs
References
12 Effect of Processing on the Nutrient Value of Feedstuffs
I. Heat Treatment
II. Fermentation
III. Pelleting and Crumbling
IV. Achieving Rumen Bypass by Treating Proteins with Aldehydes and
V. Treating Lignocellulosic Materials
VI. Effect of Processing on Molasses
VII. Steam Flaking, Roasting, Popping, and Extrusion of Grains
VIII. Ensiling High-Moisture Corn