Animal Genetics and Breeding

208 Pages·2015·59.25 MB·English

Textbook of
Animal Genetics and Breeding
Dominic Fasso
Textbook of Animal Genetics and Breeding

Textbook of Animal Genetics
and Breeding
Edited by Dominic Fasso
Published by White Word Publications,
5 Penn Plaza,
19th Floor,
New York, NY 10001, USA
Textbook of Animal Genetics and Breeding
Edited by Dominic Fasso
© 2017 White Word Publications
International Standard Book Number: 978-1-9789-2931-9
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Copyright for all individual chapters
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Contents
Preface VII
Chapter 1 Development and epithelial organisation of muscle cells in the sea anemone
Nematostella vectensis 1
Stefan M Jahnel, Manfred Walzl and Ulrich Technau
Chapter 2 Semi-automatic landmark point annotation for geometric morphometrics 16
Paul A Bromiley, Anja C Schunke, Hossein Ragheb, Neil A Thacker and
Diethard Tautz
Chapter 3 Detailed reconstruction of the musculature in Limnognathia maerski
(Micrognathozoa) and comparison with other Gnathifera 37
Nicolas Bekkouche, Reinhardt M Kristensen, Andreas Hejnol, Martin V Sørensen
and Katrine Worsaae
Chapter 4 Sympatric prey responses to lethal top-predator control: predator
manipulation experiments 52
Benjamin L Allen, Lee R Allen, Richard M Engeman and Luke K-P Leung
Chapter 5 Song characteristics track bill morphology along a gradient of urbanization in
house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) 82
Mathieu Giraudeau, Paul M Nolan, Caitlin E Black, Stevan R Earl, Masaru
Hasegawa and Kevin J McGraw
Chapter 6 Differentiated adaptive evolution, episodic relaxation of selective constraints,
and pseudogenization of umami and sweet taste genes TAS1Rs in
catarrhine primates 90
Guangjian Liu, Lutz Walter, Suni Tang, Xinxin Tan, Fanglei Shi, Huijuan Pan,
Christian Roos, Zhijin Liu and Ming Li
Chapter 7 Rapid evolution of Anguillicola crassus in Europe: species diagnostic traits are
plastic and evolutionarily labile 106
Urszula Weclawski, Emanuel G Heitlinger, Tobias Baust, Bernhard Klar, Trevor
Petney, Yu-San Han and Horst Taraschewski
Chapter 8 A male pheromone-mediated trade-off between female preferences for genetic
compatibility and sexual attractiveness in rats 115
Yao-Hua Zhang and Jian-Xu Zhang
Chapter 9 Behavioural response of a migratory songbird to geographic variation
in song and morphology 126
Kim G Mortega, Heiner Flinks and Barbara Helm
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Chapter 10 FASconCAT-G: extensive functions for multiple sequence alignment
preparations concerning phylogenetic studies 139
Patrick Kück and Gary C Longo
Chapter 11 Minding the gap: in-flight body awareness in birds 147
Ingo Schiffner, Hong D Vo, Partha S Bhagavatula and Mandyam V Srinivasan
Chapter 12 Temperature tolerance of different larval stages of the spider crab Hyas
araneus exposed to elevated seawater PCO 156
2
Melanie Schiffer, Lars Harms, Magnus Lucassen, Felix Christopher Mark,
Hans-Otto Pörtner and Daniela Storch
Chapter 13 Sparing spiders: faeces as a non-invasive source of DNA 178
Daniela Sint, Isabella Thurner, Ruediger Kaufmann and Michael Traugott
Chapter 14 Effect of chromosomal reorganizations on morphological covariation of the
mouse mandible: insights from a Robertsonian system of Mus
musculus domesticus 183
Jessica Martínez-Vargas, Francesc Muñoz-Muñoz, Nuria Medarde, María José
López-Fuster and Jacint Ventura
Permissions
List of Contributors
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Preface
The study of animal genetics and breeding are essential for practices like animal husbandry, etc. This book contains
some path-breaking studies in the field of animal genetics which will enable the reader to gain a comprehensive
insight into this discipline. Also included in this book are detailed discussions on genomics, DNA structure and
modeling, chromosomes, etc. These topics are of utmost significance, especially for students and research scholars of
zoology, veterinary sciences and related fields. This book is a complete source of knowledge on the latest advances in
the field of animal genetics and breeding.
Significant researches are present in this book. Intensive efforts have been employed by authors to make this book
an outstanding discourse. This book contains the enlightening chapters which have been written on the basis of
significant researches done by the experts.
Finally, I would also like to thank all the members involved in this book for being a team and meeting all the
deadlines for the submission of their respective works. I would also like to thank my friends and family for being
supportive in my efforts.
Editor
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1
Development and epithelial organisation of
muscle cells in the sea anemone Nematostella
vectensis
Stefan M Jahnel1, Manfred Walzl2 and Ulrich Technau1*
Abstract
Introduction: Nematostellavectensis,amemberofthecnidarianclassAnthozoa,hasbeenestablishedasapromising
modelsystemindevelopmentalbiology,butwhileinformationaboutthegeneticregulationofembryonicdevelopment
israpidlyincreasing,littleisknownaboutthecellularorganizationofthevariouscelltypesintheadult.Here,westudied
theanatomyanddevelopmentofthemuscularsystemofN.vectensistoobtainfurtherinsightsintotheevolutionof
musclecells.
Results:ThemuscularsystemofN.vectensisiscomprisedoffivedistinctmusclegroups,whicharedifferentiatedintoa
tentacleandabodycolumnsystem.Bothsystemshouselongitudinalaswellascircularportions.Withtheexceptionof
theectodermaltentaclelongitudinalmuscle,allmusclegroupsareofendodermalorigin.Theshapeandepithelial
organizationofmusclecellsvaryconsiderablybetweendifferentmusclegroups.Ringmusclecellsareformedas
epitheliomuscularcellsinwhichthemyofilamentsarehousedinthebasalpartofthecell,whiletheapicalpartis
connectedtoneighboringcellsbyapicalcell-celljunctions.Inthelongitudinalmusclesofthecolumn,themuscularpart
atthebasalsideisconnectedtotheapicalpartbyalongandnarrowcytoplasmicbridge.Theorganizationofthesecells,
however,remainsepitheliomuscular.Athirdtypeofmusclecellisrepresentedinthelongitudinalmuscleofthetentacle.
Usingtransgenicanimalsweshowthattheapicalcell-celljunctionsarelostduringdifferentiation,resultingina
detachmentofthemusclecellstoabasiepithelialposition.Thesemusclecellsarestilllocatedwithintheepithelium
andoutsideofthebasalmatrix,thereforeconstitutingbasiepithelialmyocytes.Wedemonstratethatallmusclecells,
includingthelongitudinalbasiepithelialmusclecellsofthetentacle,initiallydifferentiatefromregularepithelialcells
beforetheyaltertheirepithelialorganisation.
Conclusions:Awiderangeofdifferentmusclecellmorphologiescanalreadybefoundinasingleanimal.Thissuggests
howatransitionfromanepitheliallyorganizedmusclesystemtoamesenchymalcouldhaveoccurred.OurstudyonN.
vectensisprovidesnewinsightsintotheorganisationofamusclesysteminanon-bilaterianorganism.
Introduction interest for understanding the evolution of key bilaterian
Muscles are present in all metazoans except sponges traitsbecause,theyareconsideredtobethesistergroupof
and placozoans. Their emergence marks an important theBilateria[1,2] and thereforeoccupy acrucial phylogen-
stepinevolutionbecauseitallows organismstodisperse, eticposition.Cnidarianpolypsgenerallyhavesmoothmus-
escape, hunt and explore new habitats. Muscle cells are a cles, yet medusae also have striated muscles [3]. The
majorderivativeofthemesoderminBilateria,butcanalso striking structural similarityof striated muscles inCnidaria
befoundintwonon-bilaterianphyla,theCtenophoraand andBilateriahasledtothesuggestionthatstriatedmuscles
the Cnidaria. The diploblastic Cnidaria are of particular ofCnidariaandBilateriaarehomologous[4].Theseauthors
extended their arguments by proposing that cnidarians are
reducedMesodermata[4].However,arecentphylogenomic
*Correspondence:[email protected]
1DepartmentofMolecularEvolutionandDevelopment,Centrefor study tracing the evolutionary origin of all muscle compo-
OrganismalBiology,FacultyofLifeSciences,UniversityofVienna, nents known from model bilaterians revealed the absence
Althanstrasse14,1090Wien,Austria ofseveralcrucialmuscleproteinsfromthegenomeofnon-
Fulllistofauthorinformationisavailableattheendofthearticle
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