Animal Cognition PDF
Preview Animal Cognition
AnimaClo gnition AlsboyC liDv.eL .W ynne DoA nimaTlhsi n(k2?0 04) Anima nition EvoluBteihoanv,ai nodCr o gnition 2nde dition ClivDe.L .W ynneP,h .D. ProfesosfoP rs ycholAogry,i zoSntaa tUen iversity MoniquAe. R .U delPlh,. D. AssistParnotf esosfoA rn imaSlc iencOerse,g oSnt atUen iversity paglr ave • Firesdti tieo Cnl ivDe.l W.y nne2 001 Seconedd itieo Cnl ivDe.L. Wy nne & MoniquAe R .U del2l0 13 Alrli ghrtess ervNeod r.e producctoipoyn ,to rra nsmisosfti hoins publicamtaiyob ne m adew ithowurti ttpeenr mission. No portiooftn h ipsu blicamtaiyob ne reproduced,t rcaonpsimeidt toerd savwei twhr ittpeenr missoirio nna ccordancet hwepi rtohv isoifot nhse CopyrigDhets,i gannsdP atenAtcst1 988o,ru ndetrh et ermosf a nyl icence permittliinmgi tceodp yiinsgs ubeydt heC opyriLgihcte nsAignegn cy, SaffrHoonu se6,- 10K irbSyt reLeotn,d oEnC1 N 8TS. Anyp ersownh od oes any unauatchtio nrr iezleadtt ioot nh ipsu blication mayb el iabtloce r imipnraols ecuatnidoc ni vcilla ifmosdr a mag.e s Thea uthohrasv ea sserttheedri irg httosb ei dentiafsit ehdea uthoorfst hiwso rk ina ccordawnicteth h eC opyriDgehsti,g annsd P atenAtcst1 9 88. Firesdti tipounb lis2h0e0d1 Seconedd itipounb lis2h0e1d3b y PALGRAVMEA CMILLAN PalgrMaavcem illiantn h eU K isa ni mprionfMt a cmillPaunb lisLhiemrist ed, registienrE endg lacnodm,p annyu mbe7r8 599o8f,H oundmills, Basingstoke. Hamp6sXhSi.r e RG21 PalgrMaavcem illiantn h eU Si sa d ivisoifoS ntM artiPnr'ess LsL C, 175F ifAtvhe nuNee,w Y orNk,Y 10010. PalgrMaavcem illiastn h eg lobaacla demiimcp rionftt h ea bovceo mpanies andh asc ompaniaensdr epresenttahtriovuegsh tohuewt o rld. Palgraavned•M acmillaarner• e gistterraedde mairntk hse U niteSdt ates, theU niteKdi ngdoEmu,r opaen do ther countries ISBN:9 784230-29422h-a{;r dback ISBN:9 784230-29423p-a3p erback Thibso oki sp rintoendp apesru itafbolrree cyclainndmg a def romf ully manageadn ds ustaifnoerde ssotuc res.L oggipnugl,p ianngdm anufacturing procesasreees x pectteocd o nfotromt hee nvironmernetgaull atoifto hnes countorfyo rigin. A catalorgeuceo frodtr h ibso oki sa vailafrbolmet heB ritLiisbhr ary. A catalroegc ofrodtr h ibso oki sa vailafbrloemt heL ibraorfCy o ngress. Fomry m othaenrid,nm emoorfmy y f ather -CliveW ynne 0. L. Fomryp areanntmdsy , husCbhaentd -MoniqueU dell A. R. ThiPsa geI ntentioLneaftBl llayn k Contents LisFti goufr es XI Preftaotc heSe e coEnddi tion xv Acknowledgements XVII AuthBoiro graphies XXll 1 EvolutiAodna,p tatiCoong,n itiaonnd, BehavioIrn:t rAond uction 1 On MindTsh,o ughatn,d I ntelligienAn nciem als 3 HistorBiaccaklg round: DWaarlwlianc,ae n,dt heM indso fB easts 4 A CautionTaarlyae n da Canon 11 Clever Hansh:o rstwehi et thh ei ntelligoefan 1c4e- year-cohlidl d 11 LloyMdo rganc'asn ont:h em osta wesomwee aponi n animapls ychology 14 Now andt heF uture 14 FurthReera ding 15 Web sources 15 2 OtheWra yso fS eeintgh eW orld 17 Vision 18 Thep igeone'ysev iewo ft hew orlda: c asset udiyn a nimavli sion 21 Patterannsdp ictures 23 Smell 27 Hearing 30 Magnetisce nsitivity 32 Electsreincs e 34 Sensititvoai itpryr essure 35 Conclusions 35 FurthReera ding 36 Web sources 37 3 ConcepFto rmation 39 PerceptCuoanlc epts 40 ObjecPte rmanence 50 RelatioCnoanlc epts 56 Same-different 57 Stimuleuqsu ivalence 59 Conclusions 62 FurthReera ding 62 Web sources 63 4 Time aNnudm ber 65 Time 66 Learnianbgo utti meo fd ay 66 Learnianbgo usth ortti mei ntervals 68 Numbers 74 Relatniuvmeb erj udgmentmso:r eo rl ess 74 vii viiiC ontents Absoluntuem ber 76 Counting 78 Conclusions 85 FurthReera ding 85 Web sources 85 5 Causaen dE ffect 87 PavlovCioannd itioning 89 Outline 89 Pavlovcioannd itiotnhirnogu gthh ea nimakli ngdom 91 Whati sl earniendP avlovcioannd itioning? 95 InstrumeCnotnadli tioning 98 Outline 98 Learnifnrgo mc onsequences 99 Instrumecnotnadli tiotnhirnog ughotuhtea nimakli ngdom 101 Whati sl earniendi nstrumecnotnadli tioning? 105 Biologipcraeld isposiatnidro onasd blocks 109 Conclusions 112 FurthReera ding 115 Web sources 115 6 Reasoning 117 ToolU se 117 Insight 121 ReasonibnygA nalogy 129 SeriLeesa rniIn:Tg r ansitIinvfeer ence 130 SeriLeesa rniInILg:i neOarrd ering 134 Fairness 135 Conclusions 137 Further Reading 138 Web sources 139 7 Navigation 141 SpatiRaela soning 141 Deadr eckoning 142 Routelsa,n dmaraknsd,b eacons 144 Thes un-compass 146 Cognitimvaep sa nds hortcuts 146 Cases tudies 152 Pigeohno ming 152 Beefso raging 157 Distractsiiodnbesi ,a seasn,do thecro nsiderations 160 Migration 163 Conclusions 168 FurthReera ding 169 Web sources 169 8 Social CognitSieolnf -aAnwda reness 17 1 Self-RecognIisTt hiaotn :M -eS?t udioensM irroRre cognition 172 Sensititvoti hteyA ctioonfsO thers 179 WhatA reY ouL ookinAgt ?S ensititvoti hteyG azeo fO thers 187 Theoroyf M ind 190 Do YoSue eW hatI S ee? 193 Conclusions 197 Further Reading 198 Web sources 198 Contenitxs 9 201 Social Learning 201 SociIanlf luence 202 Socifaalc ilitation 203 Stimulaunsd l ocaeln hancement 205 Affordalnecaer ning 206 SociLaela rniWnhga:t I sI tW,h y Do It? 211 Imitat-iTohne S incerFeosrtm o fF lattery 212 Truei mitation 216 Emulation 217 Samee nd,d ifferent means 217 Samem eansd,i ffereenndt 220 Samem eansc,o mpetiteinvde 221 Teaching 223 Teachiinngm eerkats 224 Teachiinnga nts 225 Teachiinnga pes 226 Conclusions 228 FurthReera ding 228 Web sources 10 231 Remembering 232 SimplMee mories 234 Short-TeMremm ory 237 Capacity 237 Duration 239 Serioarld eerf fects 242 Whatc ausefso rgetting? 245 Long-TeMremm ory 245 Food-stobriirndgs 245 Marsht itasn dc hickadees 247 Nutcrackers 249 Pigeons 252 ImpliacnidtE xpliMceimto ry 252 Metamemor-yk nowledogfew hato ner emembers 253 Episodic me-mwohrayt w,h en,a ndw here 255 Conclusions 256 Further Reading 256 Web sources 11 259 AnimaClo mmunicatiiontn h eW ild 262 TheD ance ofH otnheey bee 267 ChickeAnl arCma lls 268 VerveMto nkeyosf K enya 269 DianMao nkeyEsa vesdroppoinnO gt heSrp ecies' Signals 270 Dolphins 273 The FunctainodEn v olutoifoR ne ferenCtailalls 274 Conclusions 274 FurthReera ding 274 Web sources 12 277 Language 278 ApeL anguagSet udies 278 Words 287 Sentences 289 Kanzi x Contents 291 LanguagTer ainiwnigt Oht heSrp ecies 291 Communicatiwnigt Dho lphins 292 Irene PeppearnbdeA rlge x 293 Conclusions 295 FurthReera ding 295 Web sources 1 3 297 ConclusiaonndsC omparisons 297 BraiSni ze 301 LearniSnegt 304 Takintgh eP ersoOnu to f AniPmearls onality 307 AreT herRee ally DiffbeertewneceeSnsp ecies? 311 FurthReera ding 311 Web sources Notes 312 References 313 Index 339
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