Animal Agriculture-Research To Meet Human Needs In The 21st Century PDF
Preview Animal Agriculture-Research To Meet Human Needs In The 21st Century
ANIMAL AGRICULT URE SPONSORS OF THE CONFERENCE American Association for the Advancement of Science American Dairy Science Association American Meat Science Association American Society of Animal Science Association of American Veterinary Colleges College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University Michigan State Agricultural Experiment Station Poultry Science Association U.S. Department of Agriculture Winrock International Livestock Research and Training Center Agricultural experiment stations at the following universities supported the con· ference by partial financial support of participants: University of Arizona New Mexico State University University of California North Carolina State University Colorado State University Ohio State University Cornell University Oklahoma State University University of Florida Pennsylvania State University University of Georgia Purdue University University of illinois Texas A & M University Iowa State University Virginia Polytechnic Institute Kansas State University and State University University of Kentucky Washington State University Michigan State University West Virginia University University of Minnesota University of Wisconsin University of Missouri University of Wyoming University of Nebraska Colleges of veterinary medicine at the following universities supported the con· ference by partial financial support of participants: University of California University of Minnesota Cornell University University of Pennsylvania University of Georgia Purdue University University of Illinois Virginia Polytechnic Institute Iowa State University and State University Michigan State University The following organizations also supported the conference by partial financial support of participants: American Meat Institute National Dairy Herd Improvement Association Animal Welfare Institute National Food Processors Association Michigan Farm Bureau National Pork Producers' Council Michigan Milk Producers Association Select Sires, Inc. National Academy of Science United States Animal Health Association National Cattlemen's Association U.S. Department of Health, National Dairy Council Education, and Welfare STEERING COMMITIEE Ned Bayley ·Virgil W. Hays •• Robert Bray Gilbert A. Leveille David M. Burns William Stadelman Larry J. Connor Sylvan Wittwer •• Hank Fitzhugh John R. Welser • Harold D. Hafs 'Steering Committee Co-Chairman "Program Committee Co·Chairman KEYNOTE SPEAKERS Philip H. Abelson Editor, Science Magazine Carol Tucker Foreman Assistant Secretary, Food and Consumer Services U.S. Department of Agriculture Anson R. Bertrand Director, Science and Education Administration U.S. Department of Agriculture Glenn W. Salisbury Director Emeritus, Agricultural Experiment Station University of Illinois Sylvan H. Wittwer Director, Agricultural Experiment Station Michigan State University These proceedings represent the best collective judgment on research priorities by a group of informed and dedicated people concerned with the future role of animal agriculture in meeting human needs ; ANIMAL I AGRICUL TURE RESEARCH TO MEET HUMAN NEEDS IN THE 21 ST CENTURY edited by Wilson G. Pond, Robert A. Merkel, Lon D. McGilliard, and V. James Rhodes Westview Press / Boulder, Colorado First published 1980 by Westview Press Published 2018 by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © 1980 Taylor & Francis All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 80-52211 ISBN 13: 978-0-367-01856-6 (hbk) CONTENTS Organizers' Preface ix Editors' Preface xiii Acknowledgments • xv 1. Conference Imperatives 1 2. Human Nutrition 7 3. Food Processing and Acceptability 39 4. Food Safety 55 5. Animal Nutrition and Digestive Physiology 69 6. Animal Genetics and Reproduction 93 7. Animal Health 129 8. Feed Production 153 9. Production, Marketing, and Distribution 193 10. Resources and Environment 237 11. Public Policy 263 12. Keynote Addresses Philip H. Abelson, Editor, Science Magazine 285 Carol Tucker Foreman, Assistant Secretary of Agriculture for Food and Consumer Services • • • 295 Anson R. Bertrand, Director, Science and Education Administration, USDA • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 303 Glenn W. Salisbury, Director Emeritus, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Illinois • . . . • 315 vii viii Sylvan H. Wittwer, Director, Agricultural Experiment Station, Michigan State University • • . . • • • 329 Conference Participants • • . • • . • • • • • • • . • • • . • . • 345 ORGANIZERS' PREFACE Animal agriculture serves human needs. Three-fourths of the protein, one-third of the energy, most of the calcium and phosphorus and substantial amounts of essential vitamins and other minerals in the American diet are from animal products. Productivity of animal agriculture rapidly increased during a period of abundant national resources and low-cost energy, primarily as a consequence of applying technology developed through research. This era has passed and the future for animal agriculture holds obvious challenges. National resources will be increasingly scarce and much more expensive. Efficiency of resource utilization as well as productivity of food will be essential to meeting needs of an expanding human population. The reservoir of yet unapplied technology is nearly exhausted. Recognizing that innovative research holds the key to meeting these challenges, 210 concerned individuals convened at Boyne Mountain, Michigan, May 4 to 9, 1980. Their goal was to identify priorities for future research to enable animal agriculture to efficiently and effectively serve human needs in the 21st century. This Conference differed from others largely in the focus on animal agriculture as a complex system, serving the interests of consumers as well as of producers of animal products. Joining with animal scientists, veterinarians, producers and industry representatives were agronomists, ecologists, nutritionists, chemists, sociologists, anthropologists, economists, engineers and political scientists. The unifying ties among this broad and talented array of specialists were their understanding and appreciation of research and their common concern for human welfare. The structure of the Conference was designed to promote productive discussion among individuals with differing training, experience and attitudes. First, Chairpersons and Rapporteurs - all respected, experienced professionals - were carefully selected. Then, although well over 2,500 persons were nominated, the number per working ix
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