Angiogenesis in Health, Disease and Malignancy

421 Pages·2016·6.85 MB·English

by  Ali Salajegheh (auth.)

Ali Salajegheh
Angiogenesis
in Health,
Disease and
Malignancy
Angiogenesis in Health, Disease and Malignancy

Ali Salajegheh
Angiogenesis in Health,
Disease and Malignancy
Ali Salajegheh
School of Medicine
Griffi th University
Gold Coast , Queensland , Australia
ISBN 978-3-319-28138-4 ISBN 978-3-319-28140-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-28140-7
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016933859
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016
T his work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of
the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology
now known or hereafter developed.
T he use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
T he publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the
editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors
or omissions that may have been made.
Printed on acid-free paper
This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature
The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland.
I would like to dedicate this book to my
parents, my sister and brother, and my family
for their unconditional love and support and
to the love of my life for being my soul mate,
my partner in life, and my best friend. I owe
a great debt of gratitude to my teachers,
mentors, and elders for their inspiring
guidance and care, and I would like to thank
everybody especially all my students who
were important to the prosperous insight of
this book, as well as expressing my apology
that I could not mention them personally one
by one.

Contents
1 Introduction to Angiogenesis in Normal Physiology, Disease
and Malignancy ....................................................................................... 1
1.1 Introduction to Angiogenesis ....................................................... 1
1.2 Angiogenesis in Normal Physiology ........................................... 3
1.3 Angiogenesis in Disease .............................................................. 4
1.4 Angiogenesis in Malignancy ....................................................... 5
References ................................................................................................. 8
2 Adenosine Triphosphate-Binding Cassette (ABC)
Lipid Transporters .................................................................................. 11
2.1 ABC Lipid Transporter ................................................................ 11
2.2 ABC Lipid Transporter in Normal Physiology ............................ 12
2.2.1 ABCA1 .......................................................................... 12
2.2.2 ABCG1 .......................................................................... 12
2.3 ABC Lipid Transporters in Disease and Malignancy .................. 12
References ................................................................................................. 14
3 Angiogenin ............................................................................................... 17
3.1 Angiogenin .................................................................................. 17
3.2 Angiogenin in Normal Physiology .............................................. 18
3.3 Angiogenin in Disease ................................................................. 18
3.4 Angiogenin in Malignancy .......................................................... 19
References ................................................................................................. 20
4 Angiopoietins ........................................................................................... 21
4.1 Angiopoietins ............................................................................... 21
4.2 Angiopoietins in Normal Physiology .......................................... 22
4.3 Angiopoietins in Disease ............................................................. 23
4.4 Angiopoietins in Malignancy....................................................... 25
References ................................................................................................. 27
vii
viii Contents
5 Angiotropin .............................................................................................. 29
5.1 Angiotropin .................................................................................. 29
5.2 Angiotropin in Normal Physiology ............................................. 30
5.3 Angiotropin in Disease and Malignancy ..................................... 30
References ................................................................................................. 31
6 C-KIT: Tyrosine Kinase Receptors with Potential
to Initiate Angiogenesis ........................................................................... 33
6.1 C-KIT: Tyrosine Kinase Receptors with Potential
to Initiate Angiogenesis ............................................................... 33
6.2 C-KIT in Normal Physiology ...................................................... 34
6.3 C-KIT in Disease ......................................................................... 34
6.4 C-KIT in Malignancy................................................................... 35
References ................................................................................................. 36
7 Cyclin D1 and E1 ..................................................................................... 37
7.1 Cyclin D1 and Cyclin E1 ............................................................. 37
7.2 Cyclin D1 and Cyclin E1 in Normal Physiology ......................... 38
7.3 Cyclin D1 in Disease ................................................................... 39
7.4 Cyclin E1 in Malignancy ............................................................. 40
References ................................................................................................. 41
8 Cluster of Differentiation 71 (CD71) ..................................................... 43
8.1 Cluster of Differentiation 71 (Cd71) – An Iron
Transferrin Receptor Protein ....................................................... 43
8.2 Cluster of Differentiation 71 (Cd71)
in Normal Physiology .................................................................. 44
8.3 Cluster of Differentiation 71 (Cd71)
in Disease and Malignancy .......................................................... 44
References ................................................................................................. 46
9 Connective Tissue Growth Factor (C TGF) ........................................... 47
9.1 CTGF (Connective Tissue Growth Factor) .................................. 47
9.2 Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF)
in Normal Physiology .................................................................. 48
9.3 Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF)
in Disease ..................................................................................... 48
9.4 Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF)
in Malignancy .............................................................................. 49
References ................................................................................................. 50
10 COX 10 ..................................................................................................... 51
10.1 COX 10 ........................................................................................ 51
10.2 COX 10 in Normal Physiology .................................................... 52
10.3 COX 10 in Disease....................................................................... 52
10.4 COX 10 in Malignancy ................................................................ 53
References ................................................................................................. 54
Contents ix
11 Cysteine-Rich 61 (CYR61) ...................................................................... 55
11.1 Cysteine-Rich 61 ......................................................................... 55
11.2 Cysteine-Rich 61 in Normal Physiology ..................................... 56
11.3 Cysteine-Rich 61 in Disease and Malignancy ............................. 57
References ................................................................................................. 59
12 Epidermal Growth Factor ...................................................................... 61
12.1 Epidermal Growth Factor ............................................................ 61
12.2 Epidermal Growth Factor in Normal Physiology ........................ 62
12.3 Epidermal Growth Factor in Disease and Malignancy ................ 63
References ................................................................................................. 66
13 Epidermal Growth Factor Domain-Like 7 (EGFL7) ........................... 69
13.1 Epidermal Growth Factor Domain-Like 7 (EGFL7) ................... 69
13.2 Epidermal Growth Factor Domain-Like 7
in Normal Physiology .................................................................. 70
13.3 Epidermal Growth Factor Domain-Like 7
in Disease and Malignancy .......................................................... 71
References ................................................................................................. 73
14 Erythropoietin-Producing Hepatocellular Receptors A:
Ephrin A1, Ephrin A2 and Ephrin A3 ................................................... 75
14.1 Erythropoietin-Producing Hepatocellular Receptors,
or Eph Receptors .......................................................................... 75
14.2 Ephrin-A1 .................................................................................... 76
14.2.1 Ephrin-A1 in Normal Physiology .................................. 77
14.2.2 Ephrin-A1 in Disease and Malignancy .......................... 78
14.3 Ephrin-A2 .................................................................................... 79
14.3.1 Ephrin-A2 in Normal Physiology .................................. 79
14.3.2 EphA2 in Disease and Malignancy ................................ 80
14.4 Ephrin-A3 .................................................................................... 81
14.4.1 Ephrin-A3 in Normal Physiology .................................. 82
14.4.2 EphA3 in Disease and Malignancy ................................ 83
References ................................................................................................. 85
15 Erythropoietin-Producing Hepatocellular Receptors B:
Ephrin B2, Ephrin B4 ............................................................................. 89
15.1 Erythropoietin-Producing Hepatocellular Receptors B ............... 89
15.2 Ephrin B2 ..................................................................................... 90
15.2.1 Ephrin-B2 in Normal Physiology .................................. 90
15.2.2 Ephrin-B2 in Disease ..................................................... 91
15.2.3 Ephrin-B2 in Malignancy .............................................. 91
15.3 Ephrin-B4 .................................................................................... 92
15.3.1 Ephrin-B4 in Normal Physiology .................................. 92
15.3.2 Eph-B4 in Disease and Malignancy............................... 93
References ................................................................................................. 94