Angels in early Medieval England PDF
Preview Angels in early Medieval England
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/6/2016,SPi OXFORD THEOLOGY AND RELIGION MONOGRAPHS EditorialCommittee J. BARTON M. N. A. BOCKMUEHL M. J. EDWARDS P. S. FIDDES G. D. FLOOD S. R. I. FOOT D. N. J. MACCULLOCH G. WARD OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/6/2016,SPi OXFORD THEOLOGY AND RELIGION MONOGRAPHS PatmosintheReceptionHistoryoftheApocalypse IanBoxall(2013) TheTheologicalVisionofReinholdNiebuhr’sTheIronyofAmericanHistory “IntheBattleandAboveIt” ScottR.Erwin(2013) Heidegger’sEschatology TheologicalHorizonsinMartinHeidegger’sEarlyWork JudithWolfe(2013) EthicsandBiblicalNarrative ALiteraryandDiscourse-AnalyticalApproachtotheStoryofJosiah S.MinChun(2014) HinduTheologyinEarlyModernSouthAsia TheRiseofDevotionalismandthePoliticsofGenealogy KiyokazuOkita(2014) RicoeuronMoralReligion AHermeneuticsofEthicalLife JamesCarter(2014) CanonLawandEpiscopalAuthority TheCanonsofAntiochandSerdica ChristopherW.B.Stephens(2015) TimeintheBookofEcclesiastes MetteBundvad(2015) Bede’sTemple AnImageanditsInterpretation ConorO’Brien(2015) DefendingtheTrinityintheReformedPalatinate TheElohistae BenjaminR.Merkle(2015) TheVisionofDidymustheBlind AFourth-CenturyVirtue-Origenism GrantD.Bayliss(2015) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/6/2016,SPi Angels in Early Medieval England RICHARD SOWERBY 1 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/6/2016,SPi 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OX26DP, UnitedKingdom OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries ©RichardSowerby2016 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted FirstEditionpublishedin2016 Impression:1 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted bylaw,bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe addressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016,UnitedStatesofAmerica BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015960790 ISBN 978–0–19–878537–8 PrintedinGreatBritainby ClaysLtd,StIvesplc LinkstothirdpartywebsitesareprovidedbyOxfordingoodfaithand forinformationonly.Oxforddisclaimsanyresponsibilityforthematerials containedinanythirdpartywebsitereferencedinthiswork. OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/6/2016,SPi Acknowledgements The seeds of this book were planted a very long time ago, in an essay about Bede and Adomnán written during my final year as an undergraduate at the University of St Andrews. I suspect that Alex Woolf might not have been so encouraging about that piece of work had he known how long I would be carrying it around in my head, through the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. Much of this book’s evolution in those years was overseen by Sarah Foot, for whose tireless enthusiasm, careful critique, and patient for- bearance I remain profoundly grateful. Further support of another kind was givenbytheArtsandHumanities ResearchCouncil;byaSeniorScholarship at Christ Church, Oxford; and by a Fellowship at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge,endowedbythegenerosityofJohnOsborn. A great number of people have given gladly of their time, expertise, and unpublished research in answer to all manner of queries, great and small. Particular thanks go to John Arnold, Graham Barrett, Lisa Colton, Marie Conn, Katy Cubitt, Helen Foxhall Forbes, Yannis Galanakis, Mary Garrison, Cristian Gaşpar, Karen Jolly, Anne Kreps, Diarmaid MacCulloch, George Molyneaux,EllenMuehlberger,ConorO’Brien,JamesPalmer,HenryParkes, Tom Pickles, Christine Rauer, Tamsin Rowe, Maria Elena Ruggerini, Laura Sangha, Alan Thacker, Laura Varnam, Benjamin Withers, David Woodman, andCharlesWright.Iamnolessindebtedtothekindnessandgoodhumour offriends:chiefamongthemLesleyAbrams,LeifDixon,PhilDunshea,Renée Hlozek,JohnHudson,PatrickLantschner,SarahMallet,RosamondMcKitterick, Oliver Pengelley, Ben Pohl, and Andy Woods. But the greatest debt is owed to my parents, Ann and Steve Sowerby, by whose generosity and love I am continuallyhumbled;andtoStaceyCaldicott,withoutwhomthelastfewyears wouldhavebeenmuchmoredifficult,andmuchlessfun. OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/6/2016,SPi OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/6/2016,SPi Contents ListofIllustrations ix AbbreviationsandShortTitles xi Introduction 1 PartI. PastOpinions 1. FillingtheSilenceoftheBible 17 2. TheMeaningsofAngels 45 PartII. UnseenWorlds 3. TheChangingFortunesoftheGuardianAngel 79 4. TheRulesoftheOtherworld 110 PartIII. LosingBeliefs 5. TheServantsoftheSaints 149 6. Prayer,Benediction,andtheEdgesofBeliefs 185 Postscript 220 Bibliography 223 Index 251 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/6/2016,SPi OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/6/2016,SPi List of Illustrations 1. Oxford,BodleianLibrary,Junius11,p.ii 18 ©BodleianLibrary,UniversityofOxford. 2. London,BritishLibrary,CottonClaudiusB.iv,2r 43 ©TheBritishLibraryBoard. 3. Oxford,BodleianLibrary,Junius11,p.3 43 ©BodleianLibrary,UniversityofOxford. 4. Eyam,Derbyshire:remainsofstandingcross 51 ©RichardSowerby. 5. Dewsbury,WestYorkshire:fragmentofcrossarm 53 ©ArchaeologicalServicesWYAS,photographedbyPaulGwilliam. 6. Otley,WestYorkshire:fragmentofcross-shaft 53 ©CorpusofAnglo-SaxonStoneSculpture,photographedbyKenJukes andDerekCraig. 7. Halton,Lancashire:fragmentofcross-shaft 53 ©CorpusofAnglo-SaxonStoneSculpture,photographedbyRoss Trench-Jellicoe. 8. Halton,Lancashire:fragmentofcross-shaft 56 ©CorpusofAnglo-SaxonStoneSculpture,photographedbyRoss Trench-Jellicoe. 9. BasilicaofSant’ApollinareNuovo,Ravenna:detailofmosaic 56 ©NickThompson,UniversityofAuckland. 10. London,BritishLibrary,Harley603,17vand18r 108 ©TheBritishLibraryBoard. 11. Utrecht,Universiteitsbibliotheek,MS32,17r 108 ©UniversiteitsbibliotheekUtrecht. 12. RemainsofStCuthbert’swoodencoffin 198 ©RichardSowerby,afterDonaldMcIntyre,TheCoffinofSaintCuthbert, ed.ErnstKitzinger(Oxford,1960).
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