Anesthesiology : Clinical Case Reviews PDF
Preview Anesthesiology : Clinical Case Reviews
Linda S. Aglio Richard D. Urman Editors Anesthesiology Clinical Case Reviews 123 Anesthesiology Linda S. Aglio Richard D. Urman (cid:129) Editors Anesthesiology Clinical Case Reviews 123 Editors LindaS. Aglio, MD,MS Richard D.Urman, MD, MBA Associate Professorof Anesthesia Associate Professorof Anesthesia Harvard Medical School Harvard Medical School Director of Neuroanesthesia Director, Center for Perioperative Research Clinical Director of OperatingRoomSuites Brigham andWomen’sHospital Brigham andWomen’sHospital Boston, MA Boston, MA USA USA ISBN978-3-319-50139-0 ISBN978-3-319-50141-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-50141-3 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016959180 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnot imply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsand regulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelieved tobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty, expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeen made. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Forseveralyears,wehavefeltthenecessityforaconcise,readablebutcomprehensiveclinical reviewbook.Suchabookshouldbeeasytoreadandprovidesoundpracticaladviceforboth trainees and practitioners. Ourintentionwastodevelopupdated,concise,andeasy-to-readcontentthatisdesignedto be read by trainees preparing for anesthesiology examinations and to serve as a succinct and practical reference for more experienced practitioners. Wearegratefultoallwhohavehelpedinthisimportantendeavor.Thereisanadvantagein having a multi-authored text, as our contributors have significant expertise in the topics they discussinourbook.Also,theyhavebeengenerousinpermittingthesectionandbookeditors to undertake revision of the manuscript in an attempt to achieve conformity and accuracy. Many authors are from the Boston area teaching hospitals, but overall are drawn from insti- tutionsnationwide.Webelievethisprovidesabroadperspectiveinthefieldofanesthesiology. The book contains 12 parts and 60 chapters. Each part is specialty-specific, with chapters devoted to the most important clinical scenarios found in the practice of anesthesia. The editors wish to express their gratitude to Ms. Marcia Rosen for providing valuable editorial assistance. Likewise, the editors appreciate the support of Springer Publishers in the preparationofthisbook,andourfamiliesforencouragement.Wehopethisbookwillproveto be a valuable resource that will enrich the libraries of our readers and help promote clinical excellence for our patients. Boston, MA, USA Linda S. Aglio, MD, MS Richard D. Urman, MD, MBA v Contents Part I Cardiovascular System Section Editors: Jill Lanahan and Martin Zammert 1 Coronary Artery Disease. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 3 Suzana M. Zorca and K. Annette Mizuguchi 2 Myocardial Infarction... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 13 Hanjo Ko 3 Heart Failure.. .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 19 Dirk J. Varelmann 4 Hypothermia .. .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 29 Dirk J. Varelmann 5 Anesthetic Considerations in Patients with Valvular Heart Disease....... ...... 33 Heather L. Lander and Martin Zammert 6 Mitral Stenosis. .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 37 Agnieszka Trzcinka 7 Eisenmenger Syndrome.. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 41 Marilyn Diane Michelow 8 Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis Prophylaxis . .... .... .... .... ..... .... 47 Marilyn Diane Michelow 9 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) .. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 49 Pingping Song 10 Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators.... .... ..... .... 55 Ciorsti J. MacIntyre 11 Pericardial Tamponade.. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 61 Kate Mitchell Liberman 12 Non-cardiac Surgery After Heart Transplantation. .... .... .... ..... .... 67 Elliott Woodward 13 Anesthesia for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG). .... .... ..... .... 73 Jamahal Luxford and Levi Bassin Part II The Respiratory System Section Editor: Ju-Mei Ng 14 One-Lung Ventilation ... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 89 Thomas Hickey vii viii Contents Part III The Central Nervous System Section Editor: Leslie C. Jameson 15 Anesthesia Management for Posterior Fossa Craniotomy ... .... ..... .... 97 Mihaela Podovei and Lisa Crossley 16 Intracranial Aneurysm .. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 103 Penny P. Liu 17 Carotid Endarterectomy. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 113 Reza Gorji and Lu’ay Nubani 18 Spine Surgery and Intraoperative Monitoring. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 121 Fenghua Li and Reza Gorji 19 Transsphenoidal Hypophysectomy. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 133 Saraswathy Shekar Part IV The Neuromuscular System Section Editor: Zhiling Xiong 20 Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Agents .... .... .... .... ..... .... 143 Caroline S. Gross and Zhiling Xiong 21 Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Agents . .... .... .... ..... .... 149 Erin Bettendorf and Zhiling Xiong 22 Myasthenia Gravis.. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 155 Huan Wang and Zhiling Xiong 23 Malignant Hyperthermia. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 161 Milad Sharifpour and Raheel Bengali Part V The Endocrine System Section Editor: Sibinka Bajic 24 Diabetes Mellitus... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 167 Amit Prabhakar, Jonathan G. Ma, Anthony Woodall, and Alan D. Kaye 25 Thyrotoxicosis . .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 175 Mark R. Jones, Rachel J. Kaye, and Alan D. Kaye 26 Pheochromocytoma. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 183 Julie A. Gayle, Ryan Rubin, and Alan D. Kaye Part VI The Abdomen Section Editor: Michael T. Bailin 27 The Full Stomach .. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 193 Scott Switzer and Derek Rosner 28 Anesthesia for Liver Transplantation.... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 199 John Stenglein 29 Anesthesia for Open Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm .... ..... .... 215 Stefan Alexandrov Ianchulev 30 Anesthesia for Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) .. ......... .... 227 Stefan Anexandrov Ianchulev Contents ix 31 Morbid Obesity .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 237 John Stenglein 32 Laparoscopy... .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 247 Carmelita W. Pisano 33 Carcinoid Disease .. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 255 Tara C. Carey 34 Kidney Transplantation . .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 263 Jonathan Ross Part VII Eye, Ear, and Throat Surgery Section Editor: Dennis J. McNicholl 35 Open Eye Injury ... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 273 Alvaro Andres Macias 36 Anesthesia for Tympanomastoidectomy.. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 281 Martha R. Cordoba Amorocho 37 The Difficult Airway .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 287 Dennis J. McNicholl 38 Pediatric Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy.. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 297 Makara E. Cayer 39 Laser Surgery of the Airway . .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 305 Dongdong Yao Part VIII Blood/Hematologic System Section Editor: Charles P. Plant 40 Transfusion Reactions... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 315 Charles P. Plant and Jonathan H. Kroll 41 Intraoperative Coagulopathies .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 319 Alimorad G. Djalali and Anil K. Panigrahi 42 Hemophilia.... .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 327 Shamsuddin Akhtar 43 Sickle Cell Disease: Anesthetic Management.. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 333 Gustavo A. Lozada Part IX Orthopedic Surgery Section Editor: Kamen Vlassakov 44 Total Hip Replacement.. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 341 Vijay Patel, Kamen Vlassakov, and David R. Janfaza 45 Local Anesthetics... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 347 Cyrus A. Yazdi 46 Spinal Anesthesia... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 357 Benjamin Kloesel and Galina Davidyuk 47 Brachial Plexus Block... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 367 Nantthasorn Zinboonyahgoon and Kamen Vlassakov x Contents Part X Obstetrics Section Editor: Jie Zhou 48 Labor and Delivery. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 379 Vesela Kovacheva 49 Preeclampsia .. .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 385 Dan Drzymalski 50 Abruptio Placenta and Placenta Previa.. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 389 Annemaria De Tina and Jie Zhou 51 Nonobstetric Surgery During Pregnancy. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 395 Jeffrey Huang Part XI Pediatrics Section Editors: Craig D. McClain and and Kai Matthes 52 Neonatal Resuscitation .. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 407 Jonathan R. Meserve and Monica E. Kleinman 53 Gastroschisis and Omphalocele.... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 415 Laura Downey 54 Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia . ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 421 Bridget L. Muldowney and Elizabeth C. Eastburn 55 Pyloric Stenosis .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 427 Hyun Kee Chung 56 Tracheoesophageal Fistula ... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 435 Herodotos Ellinas 57 Congenital Heart Disease: Atrioventricular Septal Defects... .... ..... .... 441 Viviane G. Nasr and Annette Y. Schure 58 Premature Infant... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 449 Lisa M. Hammond Part XII Critical Care Section Editor: Suzanne Klainer 59 Trauma Anesthesia . .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 459 Kevin Handy 60 Burns .... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 465 Sara E. Neves Index ... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 475 Contributors Shamsuddin Akhtar, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA K.AnnetteMizuguchi,MD,PhD,MMSc DepartmentofAnesthesiology,Perioperativeand PainMedicine,HarvardMedicalSchool,BrighamandWomen’sHospital,Boston,MA,USA Michael T. Bailin, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Baystate Health, Springfield, MA, USA Sibinka Bajic, MD, PhD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Levi Bassin, MBBS, PhD, FRACS Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Raheel Bengali, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Erin Bettendorf MD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Tara C. Carey, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Makara E. Cayer, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infir- mary, Boston, MA, USA HyunKeeChung,MD DivisionofPediatricAnesthesia,DepartmentofAnesthesiologyand Perioperative Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA MarthaR.CordobaAmorocho,MD DepartmentofAnesthesiology,PerioperativeandPain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Lisa Crossley, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Har- vard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Galina Davidyuk, MD, PhD Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Pain Medi- cine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Annemaria De Tina, MD, FRCPC Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Alimorad G. Djalali, MD, PhD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA Laura Downey, MD Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA Dan Drzymalski, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA xi
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