Andrzej SLACZKA, Sam THOMPSON III A REVISION OF THE

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ROCENIR POLSEIEGO TOWARZYSTWA GEOLOGICANEGO

Andree] Segcasa, Sam THowrvon IIL

A REVISION OF THE FLUXOTURBIDITE CONCEPT
BASED ON ‘TYPE EXAMPLES
iN THE POLISH CARPATHIAN FLYSCH

Lr 27 ana ts Pie)

Rewizja pojgeta fluksoturbidys, w oparete o preyletudy
‘2 polsteich Karpat ftiseaaych

ra 71135 93
name} S1geneo, Sem ‘Fhompson 1: A reels of the tnx

ormpt tend on type cwangies fx Wa Plily Canpotioes Tee 5

Anatenet: A noestumieite te rotetnoy ap the depuis! presves of
conposte sriueeat, gry fie iE a pais gaia flow for tsetse)
Ausulusbilite (ET) bed is copecractos, st eonetate of a 8m compiee bed af
nt samuntane th thc mations 2 the top "She a (Bee
fy monies fader Zamdnalion te aban) wilh saute wee Bheseiod
bongo some son “nay be roused by rquetind sedineet the nzDe C8
pert te onrataly 9 Dour seqeesce (Ta ty Te), and veneer denote or
‘ozs. kote Sam slgmMeantip oacreas parte af ayorwavine eangneter dee
baos which gicnty ere da

nied C1aselee. Tabtnt nte Gost

mimaeengt recived: Mar 006 aonented Je, 200
Tau benet eetrummsaying) otaryrayeiee sip erated whasosste

Atte the wimsint oF Singaturbidite seas ineodueed by dul
Rsigtkiewier, and Kuenen (1959), muy workers resoguieed duct
ot a similar tyse masceiated sith cunal visbidiss in anveral deeg~
merize basins arcued Ure world. 15 yerwal, feshurniites sxe ehs-
raslerized by thice buds Severs? sclera) uf seavicne and conglomerate
What sued te fay eeageded seo Yacting ’m internal slraliustion (xt Yast
fe the lter pag), in simtrast to the metma, Lurbicites Eat axe grid
‘inl onatait a sequence of fatercnl yeas aelirea 2m (he ried of Booms
as02:

Sor many dolly 9! Mach i the Cavpathien Meuctaing of Polnnd,
Tiavgiski aval cchers (IDK) Tied savera, disienoct exaagles of Basw
tucbidites, The caechaniema of eedimenlary “carport wus dure ta
Tbe intermediste belwea sabourine wuimp 2f-sls] ay und torb'dity fos,
dur several proven! sues mpl od. The fuxoturoiaites in the Istebea
ede were Unsuriled im detail by Carag (1883). and be secimecsary
Iersattans eos cntenpneted; thas sepor remains wie of th how! sone
Tmecinticns ca toe tuxolurtidite vorwwol in Ube ype unva

Same geoiovitin, for cxagle Watker (1987, 1970), reenmmend thal
lise rw “Dnaeaucbidie” shold he abasdoned and thar uke convest

Jie jncurporated nts “prnnintal tunbidite’. Net sll agree. for example
Schloger WW. and Sehleger 36. (127, aud susie wuld Ieup the “nm
Tut imedity the concest of the audkiertiry incchyr. sn, Toe example
Career (1979). le Ubis paper, we wll eesiew these eancasts and pro
leans, ad pry soviniaes

Tr aitinn #0 the signiicence of fHusscurbidiles in sudinculctony,
wee are alan ssmiestmed with Tacir dapurlanes ia Tie exploration end
developement of gelrulours sownrer ie dongemanitie basins. The reaer-
Voir quay uf Te clweer aandstozes acd conglomerates in fluzo-
uubidite: tds te be mach better than that of normal Lurbidites, Iv
Pilind, the flisoturbidise sescrvuirs bare produced apy to 3.00 areola
fof Gil per day, awsraging 00 to AO Tarrnls pee day, whereas thane
fn nartunl “suidiloe vensity prvines 19 barrels per day cx leas. Con
srasting rales of potimlesn oroducten also axe reported 9 ulhcr basirs
We plan to disease this subject further my a subyequent- paper
At Slgszka's invitation, Thompson muds thece souatson tips cu Po
Jand to see with finn several of Une iypical examplne af Nnsoraehidrees
9 ine Carpelsaa Flywt. awd un te dust Ly tecnmnaisaance tripe
i 1973 ard 1873, 5 prcioiraey nedel tae Meixedurbid:tes was presented
At the Secemvannal Comgrese of Selimantxogy im Niee <Glqeake act
‘Thompaen. 4975), Daring the thind trp in 1877, she kuy exposures wore
lescrited in aeta!l snd the improved model of the grevemt paper waa
aeveloped.

We ars dongs whante wank and guideser have
fucivinted ons sty af! Musetusbidites, Only a fewr of sem are men
oned apeosfeal'y i: this brief paper. Expectlly we are yrsteful tu
S. Drutgiiskt and R. Ucruy fer Ucir vir olating diseusions and their
Sggerliors fur improving the fest draft af the mamuserpt. We regret
Mis pausing of Th, FL Kuenen, who wae one at tae greatest advecatae

‘he Hlenotarhitite cemeept

‘he Algias-Cargathoam meacitain dain pass thnvugh th southeen-

ost gurl al Bulaa, Aa is eharactovistin ot the rast of the chain, the

tectonic style of che Polish Carpathian Mountaina ccnalota of nappe

structures Ug. 1) daveloseé ducing Wsrly te Middle MMiocsce lime,

rem sual W veri Uke min mapper in The ones past of the Polis
shiaes anes Mag,

‘Sercd. ( paca acy Beakewic 102)
‘The Cutter Conpathians axe bill of Alyueh sequences totaling nearly
000 rs in thickenuas and rengieg in age tives Talos Tunisie to Gaaly
Mipomp. Polenbathyanetsic depibs generally range tram 200 to BDO 2
(Kaigikiewicr, 1978). Thess sequences consist of normel Surbidites, Muso-
lusbiditas, and, other dsep-omurine deposits (Ig. 2). Three flsach tor-
vustions wich abundant Rusulurbidites sme the Lower Tstebua eds
Upper Sevniem) Gig. 2a, bly Cicikowivs Sandstone (Paleneene-Lower
opens) (Fig. 4), ani KEvasma Rove (Oligacenc).

‘More detailed teatment of the geology’ of the Polish Carpathian
Mountaics is given by

cmnaceoue
ORIGINS CONCEPT OF FLUKOTUMRIDITE

Although the term Tluyaturbidite wae thst published >y
Rusnen (1958, p. 392), the aviginal datini¢om ef the ecneept ie giver
by Divlyfste, Kutgaeiewies, ond Kuenen (1959, p. 11d}:

“A fiffeross type of sedimentation ia enecursered maids norm
lurbidites in many ylacus. In shis lype the yruio sige % lary sod Dw
Teds lend t9 be Teas muudy. The Doeding ie Thick and rather irugulee,
ahd div shaee between are sisty t2 sandy and thin or even absent
Clarrent ails wurkicu axe scarce, od canting is more common, sad
conse curiint balding uf sonentiot varixils daveivu i enevurdered,
Indfestions of siumping sre found, aed grading. 12 absent, mopetrv
iereguliz, ur even inverled, and irregular tenses of coarser grain occur
inside Owe bods, heie sandstones nay oovur as lange lenses ‘tween
normal flytdh or shal To wher wives Ihe materiel or the dircslioe
cf supply contrast with thoae of the normal surrourdieg flysch of the
sone ne”

“teqause cheacteristics of depestion trom turbidity eu-rents appear
to be tise wit evidence for sliding, we prefer to call this kind of
bed a sFusatuebides”,

“We suggest that the cange for thes abnvemal type of yeh can be
cither & despesing of the basin and steepaning af the slupy, oF # quick
cenlug of the supply, or a change Ia pasition af the aupply, Zar insianoe
the bolld:ng ul a now deli.

But whatever The cause, the mode of trinsgerinlion has changed.
Ingtead of a well-mixed tarbuleut turbidity current carrying almost

Wig. A Sonewatic etigapbie evinan of Uae, Mikeloa suppe. Saimentarg anita
are dn Lower Givgn Lede, Y= Gherym Linraoien, § — nee, Clann
Beis 4 — Grudecht Dad - Wstreisn Shaleg t-— Tamer eta, Bode,
TT Uprer gota Peds) 8 — yedalate weds (apd sed meatal ¥ —- Gon
Fede, — Lowear Tanna Roly, — Ure. leshaa Bede I — Gigtaowi
fee minetaiea, 18 — rund Bede — Usiasr suadaces ed opadsteay, 37
{ad oontazing aeotolaes

ig 2. Schewedyeuss koLiman srocyaraticces fosnonht sngéeg. 1 — tpl ee
serie cone, 1 — Weoteue ceasokia, 8 Werstwy emit gic, «

Somer srodeisn, 9 — nah mionraabi, 0 — SBalvony sgsthie Golbes 7 —
ont nie dirag 6 viene mpaytne = onmns BH,
Lacingiehte gatas, 12 —- Pigakowre veeiwrens, 18 — Wantiy iisoalons
Ta'-" Wasetwy ceciiiowe 18 Warner linmicige — Porern,ezubodar
roveyta aiedvetin Ib Wiedory sevice Hoan pionced ede
ankoloonmgeh| sone Fat, = Ogenki peeSin. stwlactee RHO

‘apy
tom fe Oy

Dnglunernie Carbide ‘nd. Zhrentarb
a, 38, Bete polotoous ‘ees Rurpil THsenareh w cate een
sure ttehninzshioh lezen (onan 29m 1 — Pisezoue talepiente HEN
Sy | Culsourtidyia, 2 Phaskaway — Pnulans | waren, «Doe

(Gencasltn 5908 at Keishienste 1%, setts SION

the estire load in suspension, ove can :sagine » turbidity curren 0
waidt mess of the sud aun gravel mover ip a watery slide along he
baer, Thu vuswet i foes puor sw ay wa sage tr Waal 1 suapention,
fa the slope fa ton steep for the Toad to come to erat until it as
soreed out in a layer"

"h irus vurbid:ly curreul cad oe likened te a dry avalacehw. aed
a nari dump ie the cquivaions of a wok aeadunche semaining it
outset wth thy geen, We hebece that an intermediste type at

=

muavement is aleo possible ard suggest that the remking deposit be
called a Huxotuchidite”,

‘The first quoted paragraph enue deserihes 99 elearly what a fico
turviate looks like that ua ilustration iz nocd ty visualiae il however.
Mu “ledivstions uf slumging” wre not clear. Nevertheless, with this
Arseration mony sideeqbur. workers have been able te seeognise “Meir
tustidiie in ather seaman ins

The other cuted parayrapie disvmsy he provesees that produce
Tusoturbidiles. That discuse'on war acquaty for ity lime, but enn
Sedering mure recon! advances ie aedimentalnyy same pacts are eow
aut fatal. (a he sane paper (p. 1088), they used the term “slamping™
in a genstal sensu appusnimately spuseymaous with “submarine slidieg”,
and ccnsidered “eubaquesus sudlluws” as “clamps? end mat "les"
"Those ituprecse ussges have conan fume communication problema wit
ubeecpuent worsens

Sou sdditivcal remacks muy help in understanding hese comecpttal
framework Tw that paper, they were diseuieing macaly tsbidites in
yooh, psleogeagraphy, and palancurwent dircelions; the thoxotubidite
diveussion was only = minar aubjecé, Indeod, ‘hey cuted that Uhe most
important type of Dywh vonaiste of normal tuebidiées, and she abooratal,
subordinate type called “Muxolurbidite? comprises aly 194 af the
Ibicksere and leas of the areal este of the Carpathian Flysch. Appar
enlly "slump" deposits ware considerel ué comprising an even lesa
semnnun tye of sbuormal Alyse, Thst usage 0° “Muxullirbidite” at
8 type of flysch, rather than ns only a2 individual deposit ina Mgych
sequance, haa alsa caused prem.

Youve few proslema with the original cuncepl result from the Tack.
of an uxplieit definition. Although the general devtriplion of a unto
fubidice bed is adequste for recageition, specitie devcriptions end
ilutrstias of type uximples are necded to deternuine the rongy of
isgrastic chavacteriauics so that x model nad w more rigorous definition
sy be fomculates,

Peulyaiski ana others (4959, . 1096) Fisted Ue Cigekowice Saadstone,
the Frovbra eas, and the lower part of thy Tula Sandie a8 com
taining the mo rpruscutalive examples of Musorarbidizes, Bey also
diated the Grodlecht Saniainns, Pasiesbive Sandstone, lower pact a the
waco Beda, and some parts nf thy Magiita Sandsicue as ‘atermediates
hewscen examples of turbidites and flaxobndiiles, ‘hey did anf de-
surthu ue Mtustrale detaile of sedimentary stucrune st epecifie Lo
Iiter,
ue

‘Varug (1983) provaied the finet dealed sedimenloteyw analysis of
typicel exemples of Munoturbidites ie, hit paper on ths Tstehna Beds.
he prevented several Tite daviage sed photographs uf the sedimentary
luctus, Me aumrasrized (o. 56},

‘Flansaushidise depovity sre characterized oy laniiewlar shapes of
lund, oratannese of delrila material, gronl Uevieness of beés, law pelile
cnntent, prevslenee of symmetrical, mullipe, and disevalinunan grading
lover other pes wf bedding, and yewugrees of roxegradv ued, traces
GF strong erosion, lake of sole arrange, aed pour écvelopment of pute
sedimerly, Qurvence of armord shale balls exranged in vayular layers
Doral’ ta the bedding planes within samstane ‘aeds points oth tn the
‘yuna tio of saed Shout Into turbidity uurrents”.

Hie ialrudut (p. 64} the euneypt that fruxcLurbidites are the deposits
of “sud “es", but ola owsidered the proust as en inlennedinte
Type nf mass movement between true alumas and turbidily currents
Siler Daulphsle ead olhers (1980), Later {Uneug, 1965) te wd the
nseevations Dat Te'sh tuslurbsdites are formed carmg times uf
apidly rising onntilaras both om the margins sol within the gov
ynelinaS troupe, that sleep slopes an the Slacks sf the coraillerat
provided the setting for sh -nitiation of thy sand flows, and Bat Mune
Dubidites may be diviibuted in subewne ane exlending aoroas the
hrarig; thal in they are mot only eetined to Ue “proximal” parts of
fans,

row the thong localities whore Aosoturbiites hove heen identities
by i Reisekiowibx snd uthies working the Polis Carpathian Flya:h,
we: hace chosen some al tha Detter expoiod owes in Ube stratigraphic
unite listes by TWytiakt and others (1959) as hype examples (262 10
tation map, Fes, 5, ane) Table 1) Taatead of ste fgut Beds, we have
fchoven the iower part of he Krome Beds ay ie ja thieker and mare
widely expaaed unit wih many gand examples of flusoturbidites (Diu
Jpn and Sleeda, 1050), aad the dommance of souckcune provides
2 contrast wish Thy Trabs Leds awed Cigikowice Sandauune which ure
ore conglameratie, im additiyn sn the suprunnlat.ce stustigraphr
dslributin, we ave aso alzmpted to spsee the Torlities guoerophic-
lly, snd provide the distribution of luxnturdidites within the sub
tacive canyor-[un systema

For Ibe examples, wa are préaenting columnar sections of the
sequences uf sedimentary slructures, cress scetloms of the bedding
Felotionshipe, and pholograph of significant froturea. Because out wnt
—2

(Gee losatteyauiees Tia. 3b

fe REE

fs of a recone seanor nattary, oolyy anterossopie alservatinin® generally
Sere mace; more detailed aniimensulogival investigations coud pweeide
l:tioea! ducamentate

Descripniuis deal iaterpreuelions of the m-budiuwe eneourtered in
these sections foFlaw ‘he ta cu Le model o€ Bosman (1992, Gruin-flow
deposits (Middleton and Sauthand, 1977, p. ba—AG) are recogniacd as
conwlomersles or sandstones that sow nstusited with tambien, Cu
ee weerally without grasing, iatemal stewtilwation, or a cond matt.