Andreoli and Carpenter’s Cecil Essentials of Medicine PDF
Preview Andreoli and Carpenter’s Cecil Essentials of Medicine
BaşEditör homas E.Andreoli, M.D., M.A.C.P., F.R.C.P.(Edin.), SC.D.(hon.), Docteu ( on), Professor (hon.), M.D. (hon.) Distinguished Professor Department ofInternal Medicine Department ofPhysiology and Biophysics University ofArkansas College ofMedicine Little Rock,Arkansas ANDREOLI and CARPENTER'S CECIL Essentials of MEDICINE TÜRKÇE 7'nci Edisyon Editör Charles c.J Carpenter, M.D., M.A.C.P. Professor ofMedicine Brown Medical School Director, Brown University AIDS Center Providence, Rhode Island Robert C.Griggs, M.D., F.A.C.P.,F.A.A.N. Edward A. and Alma Vollertsen Rykenboer Professor ofNeurophysiology Chair, Department ofNeurology Professor ofMedicine, Pathologyand Laboratory Medicine, and Pediatrics University ofRochester School ofMedicine and Dentistry Rochester, New York Ivor J. Benjamın, M.D., F.A.C.C.,F.A.H.A. Professor ofMedicine Christi T.Smith Chair forCardiovascular Research Chief, Division ofCardiology University ofUtah School ofMedicine Salt Lake City, Utah Çeviri Editörü Doç. Dr. Selçuk MISTIK Erciyes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Aile Hekimliği AD. Kayseri © 2008 COPYRIGHT: Bu kitabın Türkiye'deki tüm yayım hakları NOBEL TIP KİTABEVLERİ LTD. şTİ.'ne aittir. Bu kitap, 5846 sayılı yasa uyarınca, kısmen ya da tamamen basılamaz, mikrofilme çekilemez, dolaylı dahi olsa kullanılamaz; teksir, fotokopi veya başka bir teknikle çoğaltılamaz; bilgisayarda; dizgi makinalarında işlenebilecek bir ortama aktanlamaz ANDREOLI AND CARPENTER'S CECIL ESSENTIALS OF MEDICINE ISBN-l3: 978-1-4160-2933-5 ISBN-W: 1-4160-2933-8 Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1990, 1986 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Ine. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Health Sciences Rights Department in Philadelphia, PA, USA: phone: (+1) 215 239 3804, fax: (+1) 215239 3805, e-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://www.elsevier.com). by selecting 'Customer Support' and then 'Obtaining Permissions'. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publieation Data Andreoli and Carpenter's Cecil essentials of medicine /editor-in-chief, Thomas E. Andreoli; editors, Charles C.J. Carpenter, Robert C. Griggs, and Ivor J. Benjamin.-7th ed. p.; cm. Rev. ed. of: Cecil essentials of medicine, c2004 Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-4160-2933-8 1. Internal medicine. i. Andreoli, Thomas E., 1935- II. Carpenter, Charles C.J. (Charles Colcock J.) III. Cecil, Russell L. (Russell La Fayette), 1881-1965. İV. Cecil essentials of medicine. V. Titles: Essentials of medicine. [DNLM: 1. Internal Medicine. WB 115A559 2007] RC46.C42 2007 616-dc22 2006045276 Acquisitions Editor: James Merritt Developmental Editor: Rebecca Gruliow Publishing Services Manager: Linda Van Pelt Project Manager: Melanie Peirson Johnstone Design Direction: Steven Stave ISBN 978-975-420-637-1 EDİTÖR Doç. Dr. Selçuk MISTIK DÜZENLEME YÜCE reklam/yayım/dağıtım a.ş YÜCE reklam/yayım/dağıtım a.ş. & (Serkan DÜ(;ÜN) Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri Ltd. ŞtL Ortak Yayımıdır. BASKı ve CİLT Özgün Ofset Charles C.J. Carpenter Brown Üniversitesi'nde iç hastalıkları profesörü olan Charles C. 1.Carpenter, Ce- cil Essentials of Medicine'nin kurucu Editörlerinden biridir. O, aynı zamanda te- mel kavramlardan biri olan ve tüm kurucu Editörlerin uyum gösterdiği her yaşta- ki tıp öğrencisi için okunabilir bir ders kitabı oluşturma fikrine de büyük katkı sağlamıştır. Günümüzde artık Andreoli ve Carpenter'ın Cecil Essentials of Medi- cine adı verilen bu Cecil Essentials 'ın Yedinci baskısı, Chuck'ın aktif katkıda bu- lunacağı son Essentials olacaktır;·o nedenle Editörler, kitaba onun adını kalıcı ola- rak vermekle kalmayıp, aynı zamanda Essentials'ın bu son baskısını Chuck Car- penter'a adamanın onur ve gururunu yaşamaktadır. Chuck, çok çarpıcı bir kişi olmasının yanında mükemmel bir insandır. Fotoğ- rafı kişiliğini tam olarak yansıtmaktadır: zarif bir insan, tam bir beyefendi, sıcak bir kişilik ve davranışlarında sevecen ve iyi huyludur. Bir akademisyen olarak Chuck kendini aşmıştır. İç hastalıkları uzmanlık eğiti- mini Johns Hopkins Üniversitesi'nde A. McGehee Harvey'in baş asistanlığını ya- parak tamamlamıştır. Daha sonra, Case Western Reserve Üniversitesinde, 1973- 1986yılları arasında İç Hastalıkları bölüm başkanlığı yapmıştır. Bölüm başkanlı- ğı sırasında sergilediği mükemmel yönetim nedeniyle 2007 yılında Association of American Physicians tarafından Robert H. Williams Üstün Hizmet Tıp Ödülünü almıştır. Chuck, daha sonra Brown Üniversitesi'nde 1986 yılından bu yana İç Hastalıkları Profesörü olarak görev yapmıştır. Halen Brown AIDS Araştırma Merkezi Direktörlüğünü yürütmektedir. Chuck'ın akademik kariyeri bu sunuma sığdırılamayacak bir başarı öyküsüdür. Ancak, bazı önemli dönüm noktalarına değinmekte yarar vardır. Akademik yılla- rının erken döneminde sıvı veelektrolit dengesi üzerinde çalışmalar yaptı vealdos- teron salgısının birincil uyaranı olarak anjiyotensin lI'yi tanımlayan ilkbilim insa- nıdır. Kolera ve kolera benzeri sendromların fizyopatolojilerinin anlaşılmasına önemli katkılarda bulundu ve bu deneysel ve klinik çalışmaları özellikle Hint ya- rımadasında olmak üzere gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki yaygın sulu diyare olguları- nın tedavisinde kullanılan oral rehidrasyon sıvılarının geliştirilmesine yol açtı. AIDS'in ortaya çıkmasından neredeyse haman sonra Chuck gerek deneysel ge- rekse klinik olarak AIDS tanı ve tedavi çalışmalarının içinde buldu ve AİDS'den etkilenen hastalara yardım çalışmalarına katıldı. Bundan yaklaşık yirmi yıl önce Brown Üniversitesinde geliştirdiği özgün bir program sayesinde fakülte çalışanla- rı Rhode Island hapishane sistemi içindeki tüm HIV/AIDS hastalarının bakımın- da sorumluluk üstlendi. Chuck, American College of Physicians tarafından verilen Üstün Öğretim Ni- . şanı ilede yansıtıldığı gibi sıradışı bir öğretmendir. İçHastalıklarının her yönü ile donanımlı üstün bir klinisyendir. O nedenle de 'Master of the American College of Physicians' onurunu kazanmıştır ve akademik tıpta hemen herkesten fazla pa- yeye sahiptir. Sevgili arkadaşım Chuck Carpenter ile birlikte çalışmış olmaktan büyük onur duyuyorum. Tüm Editörler adına konuştuğumun bilincinde olarak ona kendisini çok özleyeceğimizi söylemek istiyorum vekendisinin yerini alacak aynı beceri ve yetilerle donanmış başka birini bulmanın da son derece güç olacağını belirtmek istiyorum. Thomas E. Andreolİ Baş Editör v Andreoli and Carpenter's Cecil Essentials of Medicine Uluslararası Danışma Kurulu İsİM BRANŞ ÜLKE Professor J. S. Bajaj Endokrinoloji Hindistan Chief Consultant and Director Department of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Medicine Batra Hospital &Medical Research Centre New Delhi, India [email protected] Professor Massimo G. Colombo, M.D. Hepatoloji/Gastroenteroloji İtalya Professor and Chairman Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology IRCCS Maggiore Hospital University of Milan Milan, Italy [email protected] Professor Bertrand Fontaine, M.D. Neroloji Fransa Professor of Neurology Faculte de Medecine Federation des Maladies du Systeme Nerveux Groupe Hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere Paris, France bertrand. [email protected] Professor Arnoldo Guzman-Sanchez Kadın Sağlığı Meksika Professor and Chair Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico [email protected] Professor Kiyoshi Kurokawa, M.Db Nefroloji Japonya President, Science Council of Japan Professor Emeritus, University of Tokyo Roppongi, Minato-ku Tokyo,Japan [email protected] Professor Umesh G. LaHoo, M.D., FC.C.P. Genel İç HastalıklanlHIV Güney Afrika Head, Department of Pulmonology and HIV Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine University of Kwa-Zulu Natal Durban, South Africa [email protected] Professor Pal Magyar Göğüs Tıbbı Macaristan Head, Department of Pulmonary Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary [email protected] Professor John Newsom-Davis, M.D. Neroloji İngiltere Emeritus Professor of Clinical Neurology Radcliffe Infirmary Woodstock Road Oxford, United Kingdom [email protected] x Yazarlar ve Katkıda Bulunanlar Wanpen Vongpatanasin, M.D. Thomas E.Andreoli, M.D. Associate Professor of Internal Medicine Distinguished Professor The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine at Dallas Department of Physiology and Biophysics Dallas, Texas University of Arkansas College of Medicine [email protected] Little Rock, Arkansas [email protected] Kevin J.Whitehead, M.D. Assistant Professor Michelle W. Krause, M.D. Division of Cardiology Assistant Professor University of Utah School of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Salt Lake City, Utah University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences [email protected] Little Rock, Arkansas KrauseMichelleW@uaıns.edu Kısım i .Pulmoner ve Yoğun m ıbb Jayant Kumar, M.D. Assistant Professor of Medicine LeadAuthor UAMS Division of Nephrology Kenneth L.Brigham, M.D. University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Professor of Medicine Little Rock, Arkansas Vice-Chairman for Research, Department of Medicine [email protected] Director, Center for Translational Research in the Lung Associate Director for Research, McKelvey Lung Didier Portiıla, M.D. Transplantation Center Associate Professor of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Whitehead Biomedical Building University Hospital Eınory University School of Medicine Internal Medicine-Nephrology Atlanta, Georgia University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences kbrigha@Eınory.edu Staff Physician, Internal Medicine and Nephrology Central Arkansas Veterans Hospital Contributors Little Rock, Arkansas JesseRoman, M.D. portilladidier@uaıns.edu Associate Professor Department of Medicine Division Robert L.Safirstein, M.D. Director, Pulmonary, Allergy and CriticaiCare Medicine Vice Chairman of Internal Medicine Emory University School of Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Atlanta, Georgia Little Rock, Arkansas [email protected] [email protected] Bonnie S.Slovis,M.D., M.S.H.S. Patrick D.Walker, M.D. Assistant Professor of Medicine Professor of Pathology Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Pulmonology, and Critical Care Director, Neuropathology Associates Vanderbilt University Little Rock, Arkansas Director, Pulmonology Patient Care Center [email protected] Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee Kısımvı: Gastrointestinal SistemHastalıkları v: Kısım Böbrek Hastalığı LeadAuthor LeadAuthor M. Michael Wolfe, M.D. Sudhir V. Shah, M.D. Professor of Medicine Professor of Internal Medicine Director, Division of Gastroenterology Director, Division of Nephrology Boston University School of Medicine University of Arkansas College of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts Little Rock, Arkansas [email protected] [email protected] Contributors Contributors Charles M. Biiss,Jr.,M.D. Sameh R.Abul-Ezz, M.D. Assistant Professor of Medicine Associate Professor of Internal Medicine Boston University Medical School Division of Nephrology Staff Physician, Medicine/Gastroenterology University of Arkansas College of Medicine Boston Medical Center Little Rock, Arkansas Boston, Massachusetts [email protected] [email protected] Muhammad G.Alam, M.D. FrancisA. Farraye, M.D. Assistant Professor of Medicine Associate Professor of Medicine and Epideıniology UAMS Division of Nephrology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Boston University School of Medicine Little Rock, Arkansas Boston, Massachusetts [email protected] [email protected] Yazarlar ve Katkıda Bulunanlar Xi Christopher S.Huang, M.D. KısımVii: Karaciğer ve Safra Instructor of Medicine Sistemi Hastalıkları Boston University School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts LeadAuthor [email protected] Michael B.Fallon, M.D. Associate Professor of Medicine Brian C.Jacobson, M.D., M.P.H. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Assistant Professor of Medicine University of Alabama School of Medicine Associate Director of Endoscopy Birmingham, Alabama Gastroenterology Section [email protected] Boston University Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts Contributors [email protected] Gary A. Abrams, M.D. UAB Liver Center David R.Lichtenstein, M.D. Department of Medicine Brigham &Women' sHospital University of Alabama at Birmingham Boston, Massachusetts Birmingham, Alabama [email protected] [email protected] Robert C.Lowe, M.D. Boston Medical Center Miguel R.Arguedas, M.D. Section of Gastroenterology UAB Liver Center Boston, Massachusetts Department of Medicine [email protected] University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama Daniel S.Mishkin, M.D., C.M. [email protected] Instructor of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Joseph R.Bloomer, M.D. Boston, Massachusetts Department of Medicine [email protected] University of Alabama at Birmingham Jaime A. Oviedo, M.D. Birmingham, Alabama Instructor of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology [email protected] Boston University School of Medicine Boston Medical Center Rudolf Garcia-Gallont, M.D. Boston, Massachusetts Hospital Roosevelt [email protected] Guatemala City, Guatemala Brendan M. McGuire, M.D. Lawrence J.Saubermann, M.D. UAB Liver Center Assistant Professor of Medicine and Staff Physician Department of Medicine Department of Gastroenterology University of Alabama at Birmingham Boston University Medical Center Birmingham, Alabama Boston, Massachusetts [email protected] [email protected] Aasim M. Sheikh, M.D. Elihu M. Schimmel, M.D. Assistant Professor Professor of Medicine UAB Liver Center Boston University School of Medicine Department of Medicine Staff Physician, Gastroenterology University of Alabama at Birmingham VA Boston Healthcare System Birmingham, Alabama Boston, Massachusetts [email protected] [email protected] PaulC.Schroy III, M.D., M.P.H. Shyam Varadarajulu, M.D. Associate Professor of Medicine Assistant Professor of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Director, Clinical Research School of Medicine Section of Gastroenterology Birmingham, Alabama Boston Medical Center [email protected] Boston, Massachusetts [email protected] KısımVIII: Hematolojik Hastalıklar Satish K.Singh, M.D. Boston University School of Medicine LeadAuthor Department of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts Nancy Berliner, M.D. [email protected] Arthur and Isabel Bunker Associate Professor of Medicine and Genetics Chi-Chuan Tseng, M.D. Yale University School of Medicine Associate Professor of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Boston University School of Medicine [email protected] Boston, Massachusetts [email protected] xii Yazarlar ve Katkıda Bulunanlar Contributors Kısım X' M~tabolikHastalıklar JiIILacy,M.D. UAMS Division of Nephrology LeadAuthor University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Reed E.Pyeritz, M.D., Ph.D. Little Rock, Arkansas Professor of Medicine Jilı[email protected] Chief, Division of Medical Genetics University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Henry M. Rinder, M.D. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Associate Professor [email protected] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine (Hernatology) tdeceased Yale University New Haven, Connecticut Contributor [email protected] David G.Brooks, M.D., Ph.D. Medical Genetics Division Michal G.Rose,M.D. Maloney Building Assistant Professor University of Pennsylvania Medical Oncology Philadelphia, Pennsylvania YaleCancer Center [email protected] New Haven, Connecticut [email protected] okrln Hastalık Stuart Seropian, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology LeadAuthor Yale University School of Medicine Glenn D. Braunstein, M.D. New Haven, Connecticut Professor of Medicine stuart.seropian @yale.edu UCLA School of Medicine Chair, Department of Medicine RichardTorres, M.D. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Laboratory Medicine Los Angeles, California Yale University School of Medicine [email protected] New Haven, Connecticut Richard. [email protected] Contributors Philip S.Barnett, M.D., Ph.D. EuniceS.Wang, M.D. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Research Assistant Professor, Leukemia Service Pituitary Center Departments of Medicine and Immunology Los Angeles, California Roswell Park Cancer Institute [email protected] New York, New York [email protected] Theodore C.Friedman, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Kısım iX' Onkolojik Hastalıklar Los Angeles, California [email protected] LeadAuthors Christopher E.Desch,M.D.t Vivien S.Herman-Bonert, M.D. Virginia Cancer Institute Associate Clinical Professor Richmond, Virginia Clinical Coordinator [email protected] UCLA School of Medicine [email protected] Los Angeles, California [email protected] Jennifer J.Griggs, M.D. [email protected] University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan [email protected] Kısım XII: Kadın Hastalığı Contributors LeadAuthor Barbara A. Burtness, M.D. Anne L.Taylor, M.D. Medical Science Division Professor of Medicine Fox Chase Cancer Center Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs Philadelphia, Pennsylvania University of Minnesota School of Medicine [email protected] Minneapolis, Minnesota [email protected] Alok A. Khorana, M.D. Assistant Professor of Medicine Contributors James P.Wilmot Cancer Center Sharon S.Alien, M.D., Ph.D. University of Rochester Professor Rochester, New York Department ofFamily Medicine and Community Health alok_khorana @urmc.rochester.edu University of Minnesota Cancer Center Minneapolis, Minnesota allenOÜı@umn.edu Yazarlar ve Katkıda Bulunanlar XIII Karyn D.Baum, M.D. G.David Roodman, M.D., Ph.D. Associate Professor of Medicine University of Pittsburgh University of Minnesota Medical School Division of Endocrinology Minneapolis, Minnesota Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania [email protected] [email protected] Sally L.Hodder, M.D. KısımXV: Kas-iskelet ve Bağ Executive Vice Chair, Department of Medicine Dokusu Hastalığı Professor of Medicine Division of Infectious Disease University of Medicine &Dentistry of New Jersey LeadAuthor Newark, New Jersey Robert W. Simms, M.D. [email protected] Associate Professor of Medicine Arthritis Center Nancy L.Raymond, M.D. Boston University School of Medicine Associate Professor Boston, Massachusetts Department of Psychiatry [email protected] University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota Contributor [email protected] Peter A. Merkel, M.D., M.P.H. Massachusetts General Hospital Arthritis Unit Kısım XIII: Erkek Sağlığı Boston, Massachusetts [email protected] LeadAuthor JosephA. Smith, Jr.,M.D. Professor and Chair Kısım XVI: Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Department of Urologic Surgery Vanderbilt University School of Medicine LeadAuthor Nashville, Tenness~e Charles c.J.Carpenter, M.D. [email protected] Professor of Medicine Brown University School of Medicine Contributors Director, Lifespanffufts/Brown Center for Douglas F.Milam, M.D. AIDS Research Associate Professor of Urologic Surgery The Miriam Hospital Department of Urologic Surgery Providence, Rhode Island Vanderbilt Medical Center [email protected] Vanderbilt University Nashville, Tennessee Contributors [email protected] Keith B.Armitage, M.D. Associate Professor of Medicine Jonathan S.Starkman, M.D. Division of Infectious Diseases Instructor of Urologic Surgery Case Western Reserve University Vanderbilt University School of Medicine University Hospitals of Cleveland Nashville, Tennessee Cleveland, Ohio [email protected] [email protected] KısımXIV: Kemik Hastalıkları Curt G.Beckwith, M.D. ve Kemik Mineral Metabolizması Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases LeadAuthor Brown Medical School Andrew F.Stewart, M.D. Providence, Rhode Island Professor of Medicine [email protected] Chief, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine David B.Blossom,M.D. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Division of Infectious Disease [email protected] Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Contributors Cleveland, Ohio SusanL.Greenspan, M.D. David_B [email protected] Professor of Medicine University of Pittsburgh David A. Bobak, M.D. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Associate Professor of Medicine [email protected] Division of Infectious Diseases Mara J.Horwitz, M.D. Case Western Reserve University University of Pittsburgh University Hospitals of Cleveland Division of Endocrionology Cleveland, Ohio Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania [email protected] [email protected]
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