Andrea-Clemencia Pineda-Peña - Universidad del Rosario

245 Pages·2014·12.86 MB·Spanish

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Clinical and Molecular Aspects of Infectious Diseases Group

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Supervisory Committee: Andrea-Clemencia Pineda-Peña
Prof. Anne-Mieke Vandamme

Prof. Kristel Van-Laethem
Prof. Arley Gomez-Lopez
Bogotá, Colombia / Leuven, Belgium Au Doctoral Thesis in Biomedical Sciences
2014 gus Prof. Otto Sussmann
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KU Leuven Universidad del Rosario
Biomedical Sciences Group Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics
Faculty of Medicine Faculty of Medicine
Department of Microbiology and Immunology Biomedical Doctoral School
Rega Institute for Medical Research Clinical and Molecular Aspects of Infectious
Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology Diseases Group
Leuven, Belgium Bogotá, Colombia

THE DYNAMICS OF LOCAL HIV-1 EPIDEMICS
The Colombian and Belgian cohorts

Andrea-Clemencia Pineda-Peña
Double Degree KU Leuven and Universidad del Rosario

Promoter of KU Leuven: Prof. Dr. Anne-Mieke Vandamme

Co-promoter of KU Leuven: Prof. Dr. Kristel Van Laethem

Promoter of Universidad del Rosario: Prof. Dr. Arley Gomez Lopez

Co-promoter of Universidad del Rosario: Prof. Dr. Otto A. Sussmann

Dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree of Doctor
in Biomedical Sciences

Leuven and Bogotá, 2014
Andrea-Clemencia Pineda-Peña was supported by a Doctoral Research Training Program ‘‘Francisco
Jose de Caldas’’ by the Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación,
COLCIENCIAS, Republic of Colombia and ERACOL academic exchange in medicine and the health
sciences, between Europe and Latin America. The research was supported in part by the European
Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under the project ‘‘Collaborative HIV
and Anti-HIV Drug Resistance Network (CHAIN)’’ grant agreement n° 223131 and ERC grant
agreement no. 260864; by the Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek – Flanders (FWO) grant
G.0611.09 and grant G069214N; by the AIDS Reference Laboratory of Leuven that receives support
from the Belgian Ministry of Social Affairs through a fund within the Health Insurance System; by the
University of Leuven (Program Financing no. PF/10/018. The computational resources and services
used in this work were provided by the Hercules Foundation and the Flemish Government –
department EWI-FWO Krediet aan Navorsers (Theys, KAN2012 1.5.249.12). The funders had no role
in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscripts.
KU Leuven Universidad del Rosario
Biomedical Sciences Group Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics
Faculty of Medicine Faculty of Medicine
Department of Microbiology and Immunology Biomedical Doctoral School
Rega Institute for Medical Research Clinical and Molecular Aspects of Infectious
Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology Diseases Group
Leuven, Belgium Bogotá, Colombia

THE DYNAMICS OF LOCAL HIV-1 EPIDEMICS
The Colombian and Belgian cohorts

Andrea-Clemencia Pineda-Peña
Double Degree KU Leuven and Universidad del Rosario

Jury:

Promoter of KU Leuven: Prof. Dr. Anne-Mieke Vandamme

Co-promoter of KU Leuven: Prof. Dr. Kristel Van Laethem

Promoter of Universidad del Rosario: Prof. Dr. Arley Gomez Lopez

Co-promoter of Universidad del Rosario: Prof. Dr. Otto A. Sussmann

Jury members: Prof. Dr. Inge Derdelinckx

Prof. Dr. Geert Molenberghs

Prof. Dr. Eduardo Gotuzzo

Prof. Dr. Chris Verhofstede

Dissertatio n presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the double degree of Doctor
in Biomedical Sciences

Leuven and Bogotá, 2014

“Take the first step in faith. You don't have to see the whole staircase, just take the first step”

Martin Luther King, Jr.

This is the first step of…

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS / AGRADECIMIENTOS

Some traditions consider gratefulness one of the keys of the life. Since I do believe it, I would
like to thank you everybody here and there. Thank you for sharing this path and teaching me
how life is worthy every second!
Algunas tradiciones consideran la gratitud como una de las claves de la vida. Como lo creo,
quisiera agradecer a todos aquí y allá. Gracias por compartir ese camino y enseñarme como la
vida vale cada segundo!

Primero quiero agradecer a Dios quien ha estado conmigo siempre y me ha dado esta oportunidad, y a
toda mi familia en el cielo que me ha acompañado y animado en este camino.

I would like to thank to my promoters Prof. Anne-Mieke Vandamme, Prof. Kristel Van Laethem, Prof.
Arley Gomez and Prof. Otto Sussmann for their support in this doctorate. To Annemie and Kristel, thank
you for your guidance and fruitful scientific discussions. Your patience and knowledge were valuable for
this thesis. To Annemie, I hope you continue with your leadership, open heart, adventurous attitude and
free mind. To Kristel, keep your warm-hearted personality, reliability, and structured mind (plus all I’ve
told you before). Arley muchas gracias por brindarme tu incondicional apoyo como profesor y amigo,
tus palabras siempre fueron inspiradoras y oportunas. Continúa con fe en todos tus propósitos. Otto
gracias por introducirme en este medio del VIH, transmitirme tu pasión por las Infecciosas, tu confianza
e impulsarme a continuar con mis metas. Continúa con tu buen humor y pasión por tu profesión.

I am grateful with my Jury Members Prof. Inge Derdelinckx, Prof. Eduardo Gotuzzo, Prof. Geert
Molenberghs, Prof. Chris Verhofstede and Prof. Ghislain Opdenakker for their suggestions for the
improvement of this thesis and their encouragement. I am indebted with the coordinator of my Doctoral
training in Colombia, Prof. Luisa Marina Matheus and my administrative supervisor, Prof. Manuel
Alfonso Patarroyo.

To my colleagues and friends from the Clinical and Epidemiological Virology group: I am
indebted to my colleagues for their support and the nice moments we have shared, I hope all of you
reach your goals and specially happiness along the way. In alphabetical order… A Carolina Alvarez a
quien la bondad y dedicación le sobran, espero sigas triunfando en todos los aspectos. Por favor
recuerda nuestras charlas “potencial Oncóloga”. To Lize, I hope you continue with you harmonious
leadership and with your kindness, it was nice to share the workshop with you. To Ricardo, thank you
for your positive attitude, serenity and scientific inspiration. To Fossie, thank you for your professional
collaboration but especially for your words, humor and friendship; they were perfect for our daily lunch
or our talks with Emelia. To Ricky, you are the “Capoeira” panda of the group, your kindness and
pleasant attitude are incredible. To Lowie, I’m grateful for your teachings and help in all the
computational stuff, your patience and your sweet heart amazed me. To Pieter, thank you for helping
me with the cluster complaints, you are very dedicated and always helpful. To Sarah, thank you for your
sweetness and kind words, you always had a gentle smile in every moment. To Soraya, I admire your
generosity; I hope you receive several times more love that you offer to others. To Joao, I was
impressed for your story of life, I hope you continue with your passion for the science and history. To
Soo, I’m glad you pursue your dreams, please keep your cheerful smile and good mood. To Yoeri,
thank you for your hilarious quotes and your warm personality. You and Bernard think every little detail
that makes the life more special. To Kristof, I admire your change through the time; you are now plenty
of confidence, and patience. To Johan, thank you for the scientific discussions y tu ejemplo de fortaleza
y dedicación. To Lore, it took some time to know you but I admire your dedication and carefulness,
keep your smile always with you (and your love with Jelle). To Annelies, I appreciate your encouraging