And Others Expansion of Vocational-Technical School Programs to Accommodate Highway Safety ...

179 Pages·2007·2.38 MB·English

DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 051 410
VT 013 315
Daugherty, Ronald D.; And Others
AUTHOR
Expansion of Vocational-Technical School Programs to
TITLE
Accommodate Highway Safety Manpower Requirements.
Volume IV.
INSTITUTION
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center for Vocational
and Technical Education.
Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C.
SPONS AGENCY
National Highway Safety Bureau.
PUB DATE
Jan 71
NOTE
178p.
EDRS Price MF-$0.65 HC-$6.58
EERS PRICE
Curriculum Guides, *Educational Needs, *Government
DESCRIPTORS
Employees, *Manpower Needs, Occupational
Information, State Programs, Traffic Control,
*Traffic Safety, *Transportation
ABSTRACT
This final volume of a tour-volume study considers
the need for personnel for traffic control, police traffic services,
pedestrian safety, school bus satety, and debris hazard control and
cleanup. Training requirements to meet national objectives are
discussed, in terms of curriculum, staffing, student recruitment,
facilities, equipment and enrollment. Course outlines are appended.
This volume is one of a series on highway satety activities available
as VT 013 312-013 315 in this issue.
(BH)
NOT
FOR
WGRKING
DRAFT
DISTRIBUTIOU
4s*
44
44
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U.S DCFA,TMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION
& WELFARE
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THIS DOCUNIENF HAS BEEN REPRODUCE-I)
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EPACTLI AS RECEIVED FROM THE PENSON OR
ORGANIZA7I0N ORIGINATING IT POINTS Of
11"
VIEW OA OPINIONS 'TAFEL, 00 NOT NECES
SAITLY RIPPE SW' OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU.
CATION PO, 'ION OP POLICY
EXPANSION OF VOCATIONAL-TECHNICAL SCHOOL PROGRAMS
TO ACCOMMODATE HIGHWAY SAFETY MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS
VOLUME IV
DIRECTIONS
Please read each section
This is Volume IV of four volumes.
After reading the volume ple6se complete and return
carefully.
This form will be found on the
the :inclosed evaluation form.
fact two pages of the valit.
2
I
Expansion of Vocational-Technical School Programs
to Accommodate Highway Safety Manpower Requirements
I
Volume IV
I
I
I
Ronald D. Dagherty
W, Kent Prr,oks
Carroll R. Hyder
I
I
I
I
The Center for Vocational and Techni.cal Education
L
The Ohic State University
Columbus, Ohio
I
January, 1971
Prepared for the Department of Transportation, Federal Highway
Administration, National Highway Safety BurQau, under Contract
The opinions, findings, ant conclusions ex-
No. FH-11-7507.
pressed in this publication are those of the authors and not
necessarily those of the National Highway Safety Bureau.
TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES
INTRODUCTION
I.
Traffic control devices (signs, signals, markings) are in
tcnded to minimize motor "chicle accidents, improve traffic flow,
increase highway and street capacities, and otherwise create a
better traffic environment. The sizes, shares, and kinds of
devices, and the location of these devices are generally the re-
Research studies
sult of applied highway engineering knowledge.
£how that the type and form of traffic control devices has an
influence on highway safety.
Tr:ffic contrv; devices convey the myriad of traffic re-,u1a-
tions which govern motor vehicle operation.
Some indicate cor-
rect procedures at intersections and terminal points, or upon
approaching hazardous highway and street locations.
Still others
aid drivers to particular highways, street entrances or exits.
Reaction to traffic control devices depends upon the driver,
nis vehicle and to a certain extent upon weather conditions and
The ability to see, hear, interpret and react to traffic
time.
control devices differs pith each driver and each driver's re-
Vehicles which each
actions may vary at different times of day.
driver operates though sim:lar in construction or conceivahly
built from the same assembly line, may exhibit different rates
of acceleration and deceleration and handle differently in traf-
Differences in roadway surfaces, in weather, in variances
fic.
in light and darkness and in hours of heavy vehicle congesc.ion
affect the degree o'" adherence and obedience to control dev:.ces
on the highway.
Federal, state and loca: public officials recognize needed
improvement in highway and street traffic control.
One step in
this direction is Highway Safety Program Standard 13:
Traffic
Control Devices, which stipulates that control devices on all
streets and highways shall be uniform in design and application.
I
The Standard calls for each state to upgrade existing traffic
control devices and when it is deemed necessary thrcugh engineer-
ing studies, replace existing devices with new ones that conform
I
Further, each state is expected
with standards for excellence.
to develop a program of inspection, maintenance and repair of
traffic control devices.
1
13-1
1
4
Speed zones are to be established within each state according
to latest engineering and traffic studies.
Eff,_,rts are to be
made tc lessen misinterpretations of traffic control signals by
operators and pedestrians; to bring about greater conformity and
continuity in signs; to reevaluate time sequences in driver-
reaction to roadway markings; to reconcile informational messages
on roadways with similar information on maps, tour guides and
advertisements.
Such activities, if fully realized would undoubtedly mean
the employment of additional safety specialists in highway,
traffic and engineering departments across the nation.
13-2
0.
GENERAL FROGRAM BACKGROUND AND CONSIDERATIONS
Two occupational positions in which nor-B.S. degree personnel
implement the Standard for Traffic Control Devices have been
These are traffic engineering aide and traffic control
cited.
device technician.
The same positions may e- 3t as different jobs in different
technician is also known as engi-
Traffic control devic
states.
neering aide, signal technician, traffic technician, electrician
Traffic engineering aide may be
and a host of other titles.
traffic planning engineer in ona state and engineering technician,
survey enc-neering aide and highway technician in others.
There is no synchronization of job classifications on na-
tional, state and local levels, nor are job descriptions distinct.
Large counties and municipalities may
Overlapping is common.
rely on a public works department with specialists in traffic
In some jurisdictions highway construction or
control levices.
maintenance crews have the major responsibility for implementing
In still other counties
the Standard for Traffic Control Devices.
trafZic engineers coordinate and supervise the work of traffic
control device personnel.
One hopeful note is the increase in efforts to correlate
Since the promulgation of the High-
jobs with job descriptions.
way Safety Standard for Traffic Lontrol Devices, there has been
greater effort on the part of the states and the federal govern-
ment to relook at what is required in each occupation, how each
might be distinctly termed and what programs might Ex, developed
to train each type of highway safety specialists.
OCCUPATIONAL SUMMARIES
A.
The occupational summaries in the following two paragraphs
may bring the duties and responsibilities of the traffic engineer-
ing aide and the traffic control device technician into focus.
TRAFFIC ENGINEERING AIDE
1.
The traffic engineering aide works under the direct super-
vision of the traffic engineer and may be involved in the fol-
installing equipment used in obtaining traf-
lowing activities:
fic data; collecting traffic data (on court cases, parking
accumulation rates, accident frequencies at intersections, etc.';
computing traffic signal timing; studying traffic demands; ob-
serving traffic control device operations to determine their
effectiveness; determining appropriate types and application of
13-3
6
control devices; drawing geometric designs and sketches of
high-
way markings; preparing recommendations for the design, construc-
tion/installation and maintenance of traffic control devices;
and acting as a liaison with police traffic services and other
local and state highway safety units in implementing the Standard
for Traffic Control Devices.
TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE TECHNICIAN
2.
The traffic control device technician may work under the
supervision of the traffic engineer or the traffic engineering
He may be involved in the fo2lowing activities:
applying
aide.
new developments in traffic control; installing, testing, and
maintaining traffic control devices; placing signal lights, sl.eed-
limit signs, center lines, stop signs, etc.; diagnosing electrical
and mechanical malfunctions of electrical-electronic traffic con-
trol devices; designing and constructing non-electrical traffic
control devices in accordance with state and local laws and regu-
lations; and supervising craftsmen and laborers.
MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS
B.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton also list manpower requirements for
two occupations relating to the Standard for Traffic Control
These vary slightly.
They are:
1) engineering aide- -
Devices.
traffic, and 2) traffic control device technician.
Estimates.
from 50 states of requirements for each occupation, at the state
level, are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
There have been a number of estimates of the shortage of
traffic engineers and technicians in the United States.
In 1963,
over 7,000 traffic engineers were employed in the United States
(by state and local highway and engineering departments, consult-
ing films and private organizations) with a known reed of 1,400
more, according to a survey conducted by the Institute of Traffic
Other estimates since 1963 indicate an alarming in-
Engineers.
crease in demand for both engineers and technicians.
(Manpower
estimates gene/ally concur on the accepted need of three tech-
nicians for every practicing professional engineer.)1
Koert (1.59) reported that the shortage of traffic engineer-
ing technicians is even more critical than the shortage of traffic
engineers; that relatively few training programs exist for traffic
Ilnstitute of Traffic Engineers, A Career in Traffic Dla-:-
Institute cf Traffic Engineers, r.d.),
Neering (4ashingion, D.C.:
p.
13-4
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