Ancient Rome PDF
Preview Ancient Rome
Rome Author and consultant: Peter Chrisp US_001_Half_title.indd 1 29/03/2016 18:41 Contents Senior editor Marie Greenwood Senior art editor Jim Green 4 Who were the Romans? Editor Olivia Stanford US Editor Margaret Parrish 6 Roman society Design assistant Rhea Gaughan Additional design Helen Garvey 8 The Roman Empire Managing editor Laura Gilbert Managing art editor Diane Peyton Jones 10 Ruler of Rome Pre-production producer Nikoleta Parasaki Producer Srijana Gurung 12 The emperors Art director Martin Wilson Publisher Sarah Larter 14 Roman army Publishing director Sophie Mitchell Educational consultant Jacqueline Harris 16 Roman soldiers First American Edition, 2016 Published in the United States by DK Publishing 345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 18 At work Copyright © 2016 Dorling Kindersley Limited 20 Everyday things DK, a Division of Penguin Random House LLC 16 17 18 19 20 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 001–291665–Sept/2016 22 Slaves All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in 24 Children in Rome or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, phportioorc owpriytitnegn, preecromrdisisniogn, o orf otthhee crwopisyer)i,g whtit hoowunte trh. e T e m ple Publishing in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN: 978-1-4654-5427-0 Citiz Printed and bound in China en A WORLD OF IDEAS: SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW www.dk.com BCE/CE When you see the letters bce, it stands for “before common era,” which are all the years before 0. ce stands for “common era,” which are all the years after 0. Theatrical masks 2 US_002_003_Contents.indd 2 29/03/2016 19:00 n c oin a m Contents Ro 26 Roman clothing 48 In the arena! 28 Roman baths 50 Race track 30 Eat like a Roman 52 Gods 32 Dinner party 54 Pompeii 34 Medicine 56 What did the Romans give us? 36 Latin 58 Roman facts and figures 38 Roman numbers 60 Glossary 40 City of Rome 62 Index 42 Building work 64 Acknowledgments 44 The Colosseum m a n o 46 Gladiators Freedw Legio n ary ar s e a C us Juli aRnodm eaanr stcwoeoepzers Theatrical masks 3 US_002_003_Contents.indd 3 29/03/2016 19:00 Who were the Romans? Let’s travel back in time, almost 2,000 years, to the Roman Empire. The year is 117ce, and the Empire is at its greatest size, ruled by Emperor Trajan. Let’s talk to these two Romans, playwright Terentius and his wife, and ask them about their world. A: An empire is a Q: What is an large area of land empire and ruled by one person. where is it? The Roman Empire covers most of Europe and beyond. Q: What is the A: The great city of capital city of Rome! It is built on the Empire? the Tiber River in Italia. To us, it’s the center of the world. Q: Have you always had an A: No. Until 27bce, emperor? Rome was a republic, ruled by a government voted for by the people. Before that it was ruled by kings. 4 US_004_005_Who_were_the_romans.indd 4 29/03/2016 18:41 ! REALLY? Q: How did A: We conquered Over 20 percent of the you get to it with our armies. have such a world’s population were We are good at big empire? part of the Roman winning wars! Empire at its height. A: The first king of Rome was Romulus. It was said he built Rome after killing his twin brother, Remus, Q: Why are you in an argument over called Romans? where to put it. He then named the city after himself. A: Wherever we rule, people now dress like Q: Have you us, use the same Romans changed coins, and some the lands you worship our gods. But conquered? we often add their gods to our own. A: Today, it stretches 2,500 miles (4,000 km) east to west and 2,300 miles (3,700 km) Q: How big is the north to south. About Roman Empire? 60 million people live in it. 5 US_004_005_Who_were_the_romans.indd 5 29/03/2016 18:41 Roman society ! WO W! Within the Roman Empire, there were different Emperor Pertinax groups of people, with different rights, or (126–193 ) was ce entitlements. Roman citizens had more rights the son of a than non-citizens, and slaves had no rights at all. freed slave! However, slaves could earn their freedom and rise to a different level in society. The way people dressed helped show which group they belonged to. Stola White toga This ankle-length The toga was a dress, called a wool robe, stola, was worn by draped around married women. the body. Tunic This slave is wearing a Palla simple tunic. A palla (shawl) was worn over the stola. Slave Slaves were people who Freedwoman were owned by other Romans as property. Through loyal service, slaves Citizen They might be prisoners could earn their freedom. captured in war or the Former slaves were called The rights of a Roman citizen children of slave freedmen and freedwomen. included being able to vote, to parents. As the Empire They kept close ties with their serve as a government official, became bigger, so did former owners, who might set and to wear a long wool robe the number of slaves. them up in business, such called a toga. as shopkeeping. 6 US_006_007_Roman_Society.indd 6 29/03/2016 18:41 WO Toga colors W! There were several types of toga. Each kind was worn at particular times or occasions, or by different classes of citizen. Head wreath Toga pura Instead of a crown, This toga was made emperors sometimes of plain wool. It was wore a wreath of laurel the everyday toga leaves. Sometimes of ordinary citizens. the wreath was made from gold. Toga picta This purple and gold toga was worn by emperors. Toga candida Purple toga A toga whitened Emperors wore a with chalk was worn purple and gold toga by men running when they appeared for election. in public. Toga pulla A dark brown toga was worn by men in mourning Emperor for a person who From 27bce, Rome was had died. ruled by an all-powerful emperor. He was high priest, lawmaker, and army commander-in-chief. Toga praetexta The toga praetexta After he died, he might was plain with a even be worshiped as a purple border. god, as was the case with It was worn by Emperor Augustus. high officials. 7 US_006_007_Roman_Society.indd 7 29/03/2016 18:41 Britannia (Britain) Warrior Briton The Celtic warriors of Britain Emperor Claudius invaded painted themselves with patterns Britannia in 43ce, but only before going into battle. part of the island Italia (Italy) was ever won. It took a hundred years of warfare before Rome conquered the whole Gallia (Gaul) Londinium of Italy, in 264bce. Gallia was conquered by Roman soldier Julius Caesar in 58–50bce. Roman foot soldiers were called legionaries. Before the invasion it wasn’t united, but ruled by separate Celtic tribes. Carthaginian Gallic warrior Warriors from the Empire Celtic tribes were Carthage was a powerful led by a chieftain. city on the coast of the Rome Mediterranean. Between Pompeii 264–146bce, Rome fought and won three wars against Carthage. War elephant Carthage Some Carthaginians fought from the backs of war elephants. Mediterranean Sea The Roman Empire This map shows how the Roman Empire grew in size, through wars of conquest, between 146bce and 117ce. It included all the lands around the Mediterranean Sea, which the Romans were able to call “mare nostrum,” meaning “our sea.” Before 27bce, Rome was ruled by elected officials, but after it was controlled by emperors. 8 US_008_009_The_Roman_Empire.indd 8 29/03/2016 18:41
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