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Ancient India and Indian civilization PDF

502 Pages·2013·7.34 MB·English
by  Stern
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THE HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION ANCIENT INDIA AND INDIAN CIVILIZATION The History of Civilization General Editor C. K, Ogden The History of Civilization is a landmark in early twentieth Century publishing. The aim of the general editor, C. K. Ogden, was to "summarise in one comprehensive synthesis the most recent findings and theories of historians, anthropologists, archaeologists, sociologists and all conscientious students of civilization." The History, which includes titles in the French series L'Evolution de l'Humanité, was published at a formative time in the development of the social sciences, and during a period of significant historical discoveries. A. list of the titles in the series can be found at the end of this book. PLATE I OBJECTS FROM MOHENJO-DARO A. Bust. B. Seal with bull. C. Seal with zebu. (From Coomaraswamy, History of Indian and Indouesian Art) Ancient India and Indian Civilization P. Masson-Oursel H. de Willman-Grabowska & P. Stern Translated by M. R. Dobie First published in 1934 by Routledge, Trench, Trubner Reprinted in 1996,1998 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN & 270 Madison Ave, New York NY 10016 Transferred to Digital Printing 2008 © 1996 Routledge All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or utilized in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Cataloguing in Publication Data ISBN: 0-415-15593-2 ISBN Eastern Civilization (10 volume set): 0-415-15614-9 ISBN History of Civilization (50 volume set): 0-415-14380-2 Publisher's Note The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original may be apparent Contents FOREWORD (by HENRI BERR), THE INDIAN GENIUS INTRODUCTION COUNTRY AND POPULATION I.THE COUNTRY II.THE POPULATION I. Racial and Linguistic Criteria II. The Indo-European Stock and the Aryan Branch PART ONE HISTORY I.THE PREHISTORIC PERIOD THE BEGINNINGS OF HISTORY. THE SIXTH AND FIFTH CENTURIES BEFORE II. CHRIST III.ALEXANDER. THE MAURYAS I. The Campaign of AlexanderII. Chandragupta III. Asoka INDO-GREEKS, INDO-PARTHIANS, INDO-SCYTHIANS. THE KUSHANS AND IV. KANISHKA V.THE DECCAN TO THE THIRD CENTURY VI.THE GUPTAS. HUNS AND TURKS. HARSHA PART TWO INDIAN SOCIETY INTRODUCTION I.THE FAMILY. ITS WORSHIP AND LAW I. The Worship of the Family II. The Law of the Family Dharma III. Women and Marriage IV. Property II.CASTE III.THE POLITICAL ORDER I. Spiritual Power and Temporal Power II. Artha and Dharma III. Republics Kingdoms IV. The Royal Office V. Assemblies VI. Justice VII. Administration IV.ECONOMIC LIFE I. Work and Business. The Workers Agriculture Industry Trade Guilds II. Property Land Revenues and Coinage State Socialism. The Poverty of India PART THREE SPIRITUAL LIFE. RELIGIONS AND PHILOSOPHIES INTRODUCTORY I.ORIGINS I. Pre-Aryan Origins The Munda Element Dravidian, Sumerian, and Semitic Elements II. The Religion of the Vedic Aryans and Early Brahmanism The Vedas Rites and Magic. The Natural Order Sacrifice and the Gods The Exegesis of the Vedas The Brahmanie Cult Metaphysical Mythology The Future Life II.EARLY JAINISM AND BUDDHISM I. Their Common Conditions Transmigration The New Notion of the Act The Aspiration to Deliverance The Influence of Yoga and the Sophists II. Jainism The Nirgranthas. Jina The Community The Canons Archaism and Realism. The Substances The Soul and its Salvation III. Buddhism Buddha The Community. Councils. Sects The Canon The Literature of the Mahāyāna Dogma III.BRAHMANISM AS HINDUISM. THE RELIGIONS OR VISHNU AND SIVA Theism. Siva, Vishnu, Krishna, Rama The Avatars. Eclecticism The Philosophy of the Epics The Transformation of Orthodoxy IV.THE GREAT VEHICLE Dialectic. Nagarjuna Concentration. Asvaghosha, Asanga, Vasubandhu The Sects The New Metaphysics Mythology V.PHILOSOPHY AT ITS HIGHEST DEVELOPMENT I. The Brahmanic Systems (a.d, 100-500) Pūrva Mimāmsa Vaiśeshika Nyāya Vedānta Yoga Sāmkhya II. The Philosophies in the Seventh Century Orthodox Commentators Jainism Buddhism III. The Characteristics of Indian Thought Indian Science The Problems of India The Indian Conception of Mind PART FOUR ÆESTHETIC LIFE BOOK ONE THE LITERATURE OF INDIA INTRODUCTION I. The Languages of India II. Writing III. The Study of Indian Literature in Europe IV. The Literature of India I.VEDIC AND POST-VEDIC LITERATURE I. The Age of the Rigveda II. General Features of the Rigveda III. The Other Vedas The Samaveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda IV. The Brāhmanas V. The Aranyakas and Upanishads VI. The Sutras A. The Kalpa and Grihya Sūtras B. Vedānga The Sūtras of Panini The Grammarians after Panini VII. Bhāshya II.EPIC POETRY I. The Mahābhārala II. The Rādmāyana III. The Puranas IV. Pali and Prakrit, Literature V. Sanskrit Literature of Buddhist Inspiration Asvaghosha and Aryasura III.THE AGE OF KAVYA I. Kaiidasa and other Epic Poets of the Time. The Theory of Poetics II. Kaiidasa and Lyric (Erotic) Poetry III. Bhartrihari. Gnomic and Erotic Poets IV. Erotic Mysticism Jayadeva IV.THE DRAMA I. The Nātya-Sāstra II. The Forerunners of the Classical TheatreA. The Religious and Epic Drama. Asvaghosha and Bhasa B. The Middle-class and. Political Drama. Sudraka and Visakliadatta III. Kaiidasa. The Classical Theatre IV. The Successors of Kaiidasa V. The Drama after Bhavabhuti VI. Farce V.NARRATIVE LITERATURE I. Folk-tale and Fable II. The Literary Story The Brihat-katha, Katha-sarit- sagara, and iSuka-saptati III. The Romance Dandin, Subandhu, and Bana BOOK II THE ART OF INDIA INTRODUCTION Pre-Indian Art Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro I.ARCHITECTURE AND DECORATION Architecture Decoration The Stupa II.RELIGIOUS ART III.SCULPTURE AND PAINTING The evolution of the Tribangha IV.THE EVOLUTION OF INDIAN ART V.INDIAN ÆSTHETICS. THE FRESCOES OF AJANTA AND THE SANSKRIT DRAMA CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX

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Originally published between 1920-70,The History of Civilization was a landmark in early twentieth century publishing. It was published at a formative time within the social sciences, and during a period of decisive historical discovery. The aim of the general editor, C.K. Ogden, was to summarize th
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