Anchorites, wombs and tombs: intersections of gender and enclosure in the Middle Ages PDF
Preview Anchorites, wombs and tombs: intersections of gender and enclosure in the Middle Ages
00 Prelims Anchorites 5_5_05.qxd 24/05/05 14:13 Page i RELIGION AND CULTURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES Anchorites, Wombs and Tombs 00 Prelims Anchorites 5_5_05.qxd 24/05/05 14:13 Page ii Series Editors Denis Renevey (University of Fribourg) Diane Watt (University of Wales, Aberystwyth) Editorial Board Miri Rubin (Queen Mary, University of London) Jean-Claude Schmitt (École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris) Fiona Somerset (Duke University) Christiania Whitehead (University of Warwick) 00 Prelims Anchorites 5_5_05.qxd 24/05/05 14:13 Page iii RELIGION AND CULTURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES Anchorites, Wombs and Tombs Intersections of Gender and Enclosure in the Middle Ages Edited by LIZ HERBERT McAVOYandMARI HUGHES–EDWARDS UNIVERSITY OF WALES PRESS CARDIFF 2005 00 Prelims Anchorites 5_5_05.qxd 25/05/05 13:35 Page iv © The Contributors, 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without clearance from the University of Wales Press, 10 Columbus Walk, Brigantine Place, Cardiff, CF10 4UP. www.wales.ac.uk/press British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 0-7083-1863-0 The rights of the Contributors to be identified separately as authors of their work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Printed in Wales by Gwasg Dinefwr, Llandybïe 00 Prelims Anchorites 5_5_05.qxd 24/05/05 14:13 Page v C ONTENTS Notes on Contributors vii Series Editors’ Preface xi Acknowledgements xii List of Abbreviations xiii Foreword Anneke B. Mulder-Bakker 1 1 Introduction: Intersections of Time and Space in Gender and Enclosure Liz Herbert McAvoy and Mari Hughes-Edwards 6 2 Context: Some Reflections on Wombs and Tombs and Inclusive Language Alexandra Barratt 27 I ENCLOSUREANDDISCOURSESOFTHEDESERT 3 Guthlac A and Guthlac B: Changing Metaphors Santha Bhattacharji 41 4 Representations of the Anchoritic Life in Goscelin of Saint-Bertin’s Liber confortatorius Rebecca Hayward 54 5 Male and Female Cistercians and their Gendered Experiences of the Margins, the Wilderness and the Periphery Elizabeth Freeman 65 6 The Whitefriars’ Return to Carmel Johan Bergström-Allen 77 00 Prelims Anchorites 5_5_05.qxd 24/05/05 14:13 Page vi vi CONTENTS II GENDERANDENCLOSURE: LATEMEDIEVALINTERSECTIONS 7 ‘Crepe into that blessed syde’: Enclosure Imagery in Aelred of Rievaulx’s de Institutione Inclusarum Kristen McQuinn 95 8 Gladly Alone, Gladly Silent: Isolation and Exile in the Anchoritic Mystical Experience Susannah Mary Chewning 103 9 Dionysius of Ryckel: Masculinity and Historical Memory Ulrike Wiethaus 116 10 ‘Wrapt as if to the third heaven’: Gender and Contemplation in Late Medieval Anchoritic Guidance Writing Mari Hughes-Edwards 131 III BEYONDTHETOMB: THEQUESTIONOFAUDIENCE 11 ‘Efter hire euene’: Lay Audiences and the Variable Asceticism of Ancrene Wisse Robert Hasenfratz 145 12 Beyond the Tomb: Ancrene Wisseand Lay Piety Cate Gunn 161 13 The Anchoritic Elements of Holkham Misc. 41 Catherine Innes-Parker 172 14 ‘Closyd in an hows of ston’: Discourses of Anchoritism and The Book of Margery Kempe Liz Herbert McAvoy 182 Select Bibliography 195 Index 217 00 Prelims Anchorites 5_5_05.qxd 24/05/05 14:13 Page vii N C OTES ON ONTRIBUTORS ALEXANDRA BARRATT is Professor in the Department of English, University of Waikato, New Zealand. She has published widely on Middle English women writers and anchoritic writing and is currently working on texts written or translated for female audiences and patrons. JOHAN BERGSTRÖM-ALLEN is affiliated to the Université de Fribourg, researching a Ph.D. in the English writings produced by Carmelite Friars in late medieval England. He lives in York, where he runs the British Province of Carmelites’ publishing house, Saint Albert’s Press. He is a member of the editorial team of the international journal Carmelus. SANTHA BHATTACHARJI has taught Old and Middle English for various Colleges of Oxford since 1989 and is currently a college lecturer at New College, Oxford. She has published studies on Old English poetry, liturgical topics and the Middle English mystics, including God is an Earthquake: The Spirituality of Margery Kempe(1997) and Reading the Bible with Gregory the Great(2001). SUSANNAH MARY CHEWNING is Assistant Professor in English at Union County College, New Jersey. She has published widely on medieval women’s mystical literature and anchoritism and has recently edited a volume of essays which focus on discourses of sexuality within mystical literature (Intersections of Spirituality and the Divine: The Word Made Flesh (2005)). Current research focuses on the generic links between mystical literature and dream vision poetry. ELIZABETH FREEMAN is a lecturer in medieval European history at the University of Tasmania. Her research focuses on the Cistercian monastic order, particularly the Cistercians in medieval England. Her study of Cistercian attitudes to the past has been published as 00 Prelims Anchorites 5_5_05.qxd 24/05/05 14:13 Page viii viii NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Narratives of a New Order: Cistercian Historical Writing in England, 1150–1220, Medieval Church Studies, 2 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2002). Her current research focuses on the histories of English Cistercian nuns from the twelfth to the sixteenth centuries. CATE GUNN has recently been awarded her Ph.D. on the rhetoric of Ancrene Wisse which she is currently revising for publication as a book, provisionally entitled Vernacular Spirituality in the Thirteenth Century: The Pastoral Context ofAncrene Wisse. She teaches medieval literature and religion for the Continuing Education departments of Essex and Cambridge Universities and for the WEA. ROBERTHASENFRATZis an Associate Professor of English and Medieval Studies at the University of Connecticut. He has recently produced a TEAMS edition of Ancrene Wisse (Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 2000) and has also taken over the editorship of the journal Mystics Quarterly. His primary research interests are in Anglo- Saxon literature, anchoritism, mysticism and textual editing. REBECCA HAYWARD is currently an adjunct lecturer and tutor in the English Department at the University of Auckland, where she has also held a Post-Doctoral Fellowship. She has recently collaborated with W. R. Barnes on a translation of Goscelin’s Liber confortatorius (published in Writing the Wilton Women: Goscelin’s Legend of Edith and Liber Confortatorius (2004), edited by Stephanie Hollis). Her current research interests include anchorites and New Zealand medieval scholars. MARI HUGHES-EDWARDS has recently completed a Ph.D. on contem- plative models in high and late medieval anchoritic guidance texts at the University of York. She is currently Lecturer in English at the University of Salford and is undertaking research into constructions of gender and space in contemporary poetry. CATHERINEINNES-PARKERis an Associate Professor in the Department of English Language and Literature at the University of Prince Edward Island. As well as anchoritic literature, her research interests include women’s writing and lay literacy. Her current research is focused on passion literature in the fifteenth century. 00 Prelims Anchorites 5_5_05.qxd 24/05/05 14:13 Page ix NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS ix LIZ HERBERT MCAVOY is Lecturer in Gender in English Studies at the University of Wales Swansea. Her research interests lie in the areas of medieval women’s writing, anchoritic literature, representations of gender, alterity and monstrosity and critical theory, and she has recently published a book on Margery Kempe and Julian of Norwich, entitled Authority and the Female Body in the Writings of Julian of Norwich and Margery Kempe(Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2004). KRISTEN MCQUINN graduated with a Master’s degree in medieval literature in August 2003 from Arizona State University. She is currently working as an academic counsellor at a local university while pursuing various teaching opportunities. Her most recent research interests include medieval Irish paganism and its connections to Native American shamanism. ANNEKEB. MULDER-BAKKERis Senior Lecturer in Medieval History and Medieval Studies at the University of Groningen. Her publications on historiography, hagiography and gender include Sanctity and Motherhood (New York: Garland 1995); The Invention of Saintliness (London: Routledge, 2002) and Lives of the Anchoresses: The Rise of the Urban Recluse in Medieval Europe (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005). ULRIKE WIETHAUS is professor of interdisciplinary appointments in the Humanities Program and teaches in the Women’s Studies Program, the Master of Liberal Studies Program and the Department of Religion at Wake Forest University. She has published widely on medieval mysticism and is currently completing a book-length study of the construction of alterity in medieval Christian mysticism in western Europe, entitled Trace of the Other: Medieval Christian Mysticism in Contemporary Context.
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