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8862COVR.QXD 8/26/08 1:10 PM Page 1 A n a t o m The first — and only — reference that makes y Anatomy & Physiology & anatomy & physiology incredibly easy! P h y Are you looking for an innovative alternative to a dense anatomy textbook? Well, look s i no further than this handy volume — now fully revised and in full color on every page! o y y l o Incredibly clear! gy bbll i The newest edition of Anatomy & Physiology Made Incredibly Easy helps d i d make learning this essential information a charm instead of a chore.Inside m e you’ll find: a e e • crystal-clear explanations of core concepts, such as cell division and d d r e a r reproduction and chemical organization m c c • full coverage of all major body systems and processes n • helpful reviews of nutrition, fluids and electrolytes, and reproduction and InIn n I lactation. cc I rr Lighten your load! eded Learning is easier when you’re reading these lighthearted helpers: ibib y!! y • Zoom in—Provides a close look at anatomic structures ll yy s • Body shop—Helps explain how body systems and structures work together s ® EE a • Now I get it!—Converts complex physiology into easy-to-digest explanations a aa • Senior moment—Pinpoints the effects of aging on anatomy and physiology ss EE Better than ever! y!y! ® This new edition has even more features that will help make anatomy and physiology easy to read and fun to learn, including: • a vibrant full-color design that brings anatomy and physiology to life • “Practice makes perfect”questions with detailed rationales for correct and incorrect answers • dozens of study cards for on-the-go review • Web site resources for students and instructors. ISBN-13: 978-0-7817-8886-1 ISBN-10: 0-7817-8886-2 Online resources available on where Teaching,Learning,and Technology click. Nursing Category:General Reference 886200FM.qxd 8/26/08 1:24 PM Page ii 886200FM.qxd 8/26/08 1:24 PM Page i Anatomy& Physiology yy ll bb ddii e a d ee m rr cc nn II !! yy ss aa EE 886200FM.qxd 8/26/08 1:24 PM Page ii 886200FM.qxd 8/26/08 1:24 PM Page iii Anatomy& Physiology yy ll bb dii d e d e a e m r r c c n n I I ! ! y y ® s s a a E E 886200FM.qxd 8/26/08 1:24 PM Page iv Staff The clinical treatments described and recommended in this publication are based on research and consultation with nursing, medical, and legal authorities. To the best of our knowl- Executive Publisher edge, these procedures reflect currently accepted practice. Judith A. Schilling McCann, RN,MSN Nevertheless, they can’t be considered absolute and universal recommendations. For individual applications, all recommen- Editorial Director dations must be considered in light of the patient’s clinical con- David Moreau dition and, before administration of new or infrequently used drugs, in light of the latest package-insert information. The au- Clinical Director thors and publisher disclaim any responsibility for any adverse Joan M. Robinson, RN,MSN effects resulting from the suggested procedures, from any un- Art Director detected errors, or from the reader’s misunderstanding of the text. Mary Ludwicki Electronic Project Manager © 2009 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved. John Macalino This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be repro- duced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form Senior Managing Editor or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, record- Jaime Stockslager Buss, MSPH,ELS ing, or otherwise—without prior written permission of the publisher, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles Clinical Project Manager and reviews and testing and evaluation materials provided by Kate Stout, RN,MSN,CCRN publisher to instructors whose schools have adopted its ac- companying textbook. Printed in China. For information, write Editor Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 323 Norristown Road, Suite 200, Karen Comerford Ambler, PA 19002-2756. Copy Editors A&PIE3E010408 Kimberly Bilotta (supervisor), Amy Furman, Dorothy P. Terry, Pamela Wingrod Designer Lynn Foulk Illustrator Bot Roda Digital Composition Services Diane Paluba (manager), Joyce Rossi Biletz, Donna S. Morris Associate Manufacturing Manager Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Beth J. Welsh Anatomy & physiology made incredibly easy!.–3rd ed. Editorial Assistants p. ; cm. Karen J. Kirk, Jeri O’Shea, Linda K. Ruhf Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Human physiology—Outlines, syllabi, etc. 2. Human Indexer anatomy—Outlines, syllabi, etc. I. Lippincott Williams Barbara Hodgson & Wilkins. II. Title: Anatomy and physiology made incredibly easy! [DNLM: 1. Anatomy. 2. Physiological Processes. QS 4 A5385 2009] QP41.A53 2009 612—dc22 2008006126 ISBN-13: 978-0-7817-8886-1 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-7817-8886-2 (alk. paper) 886200FM.qxd 8/26/08 1:24 PM Page v Contents Contributors and consultants vi Not another boring foreword vii 1 The human body 1 2 Genetics 25 3 Chemical organization 35 4 Integumentary system 47 5 Musculoskeletal system 57 6 Neurosensory system 75 7 Endocrine system 109 8 Cardiovascular system 125 9 Hematologic system 141 10 Immune system 155 11 Respiratory system 171 12 Gastrointestinal system 191 13 Nutrition and metabolism 213 14 Urinary system 233 15 Fluids, electrolytes, acids, and bases 247 16 Reproductive system 267 17 Reproduction and lactation 287 Appendices and index 307 Practice makes perfect 308 Glossary 324 Study cards 331 Selected references 367 Index 368 v 886200FM.qxd 8/26/08 1:24 PM Page vi Contributors and consultants Katrina D. Allen, RN,MSN,CCRN E. Ann Myers, MD,FACP,FACE Nursing Faculty Physician Faulkner State Community College Golden Gate Endocrinology Bay Minette, Ala. San Francisco Nancy Berger, RN,BC,MSN Sherry Parmenter, RD,LD Instructor Clinical Dietitian Charles E. Gregory School of Nursing at Raritan Bay Fairfield Medical Center Medical Center Lancaster, Ohio Perth Amboy, N.J. Charles W. Reick, Jr., MS,RRT Regina Cameron, RN,MSN,CNN Clinical Specialist, Respiratory Care Home Hemodialysis Coordinator Greater Baltimore Medical Center Davita Dialysis Towson, Md. Philadelphia Maria Elsa Rodriguez, RN,MSN-CNS/Education,CMSRN Yvette P. Conley, PhD Director of Education Assistant Professor Kindred Hospital University of Pittsburgh San Diego Kim Cooper, RN,MSN Kendra S. Seiler, RN,MSN Nursing Department Chair Nursing Instructor Ivy Tech Community College Rio Hondo College Terre Haute, Ind. Whittier, Calif. Anna Easter, APRN,BC,MSN,PhD Denise R. York, RNC,CNS,MS,MEd Advanced Practice Nurse Professor Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Columbus (Ohio) State Community College Little Rock Rebecca Hickey, RN,AHI,CHI Instructor Butler Technology & Career Development Schools Fairfield Township, Ohio Ruth Howell, MEd,BSN Director, Practical Nursing Program TriCounty Technology Center Bartlesville, Okla. Pamela Moody, CRNP,MSN,PhD Nurse Administrator—Area 3 Alabama Department of Public Health Tuscaloosa vi 886200FM.qxd 8/26/08 1:24 PM Page vii Not another boring foreword If you’re like me, you’re too busy to wade through a foreword that uses pretentious terms and umpteen dull paragraphs to get to the point. So let’s cut right to the chase! Here’s why this book is so terrific: It will teach you all the important things you need to know about anatomy and physiology. (And it will leave out all the fluff that wastes your time.) It will help you remember what you’ve learned. It will make you smile as it enhances your knowledge and skills. Don’t believe me? Try these recurring logos on for size: Zoom in—provides a close look at anatomic structures Body shop—helps explain how body systems and structures work together Now I get it!—converts complex physiology into easy-to-digest explanations Senior moment—pinpoints the effects of aging on anatomy and physiology Memory jogger—reinforces learning through easy-to-remember anecdotes and mnemonics. See? I told you! And that’s not all. Look for me and my friends in the margins throughout this book. We’ll be there to explain key concepts, provide important care reminders, and offer reassurance. Oh, and if you don’t mind, we’ll be spicing up the pages with a bit of humor along the way, to teach and entertain in a way that no other resource can. I hope you find this book helpful. Best of luck throughout your career! Joy vii 886200FM.qxd 8/26/08 1:24 PM Page viii