T H E E Y E C A R E S O U R C E B O O K JAY B. LAVINE, M.D. Chicago New York San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid MexicoCity Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright ©2001 by Jay B. Levine. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-142070-3 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-7373-0395-6 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. 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Contents Foreword ix Introduction xi chap ter one Myths About Vision and the Eyes 1 It Is Desirable to Detect Cataract As Soon As It Appears ■ Cataracts Are Removed by Laser ■Eye Pressure Checks Diagnose Glaucoma ■Contact Lenses Help Keep Eyes from Changing ■Exercises Can Improve Your Vision ■Wearing Your Glasses Too Much Makes You Dependent on Them ■People Who Need Glasses Have Weak Eyes ■Reading in the Dark Harms Your Eyes ■Using Your Eyes Too Much Weakens Them ■Children Often Outgrow Crossed Eyes ■Taking Vitamin Supplements Is the Best Way to Good Nutrition ■A Low-Carbohydrate,High-Protein Diet Helps with Weight Loss and Prevents Diabetes ■Eating Whatever You Want in Moderation Is the Key to Good Nutrition and Healthy Eyes ■Most Eye Diseases Cannot Be Prevented chap ter t wo What Should You Do If . . . ? 5 You Get Some Acid,Oven Cleaner,or Other Chemical in Your Eyes? ■You Suddenly Lose Vision in One Eye? ■You Get a Foreign Body in Your Eye? iii Copyright 2001 by Jay B. Levine. Click Here for Terms of Use. contents ■You Can’t Get Your Contact Lens Out? ■You See Floating Spots and Flashing Lights? ■Your Eyelid Keeps Twitching? chap ter three Anatomy of the Eye 9 The Cornea ■The Sclera and Conjunctiva ■The Anterior Chamber ■The Trabecular Meshwork ■The Ciliary Body ■The Iris and Pupil ■The Lens ■The Vitreous Humor ■The Choroid ■The Retina ■The Optic Nerve ■The External Eye Muscles chap ter four Eye History and Examination 21 The History ■The Eye Examination chap ter five Vision Correction 39 Eyeglasses ■Contact Lenses ■Refractive Surgery chap ter six Eyelids and Lacrimal System 59 Blepharitis ■Chalazia and Styes ■Dry Eye Syndrome ■Lacrimal Problems ■Common Eyelid Tumors ■Ectropion and Entropion ■Ptosis chap ter seven Cornea and Conjunctiva 83 Corneal Abrasions and Lacerations ■Superficial Foreign Bodies ■Corneal Clouding ■Corneal Infections and Ulcers ■Conjunctivitis ■Allergies and the Eye ■Episcleritis ■Pterygium ■Pinguecula ■Subconjunctival Hemorrhage chap ter eig ht Eye Muscles 107 Esotropia ■Amblyopia ■Exotropia ■Exophoria and Esophoria ■Double Vision ■Long-Standing Muscle Imbalances iv contents chap ter nine Cataract 121 The Crystalline Lens ■Types ofCataract ■How Cataract Occurs ■How the Lens Protects Itselffrom Oxidation ■Preventing Cataract ■Daily Vitamins: Panacea or Placebo? ■Antioxidants ■The Dairy Connection ■Other Risk Factors for Cataract ■Cataract Surgery ■Summary and Recommendations chap ter ten Glaucoma 145 A Careful Examination:The Key to Diagnosis ■Glaucoma Treatment:Control Is the Goal ■The Effects ofLifestyle Choices on Glaucoma ■Glaucoma Surgery ■Summary ■Recommendations chap ter eleven Diabetes 173 Complications ofDiabetes ■The Eye:The Body’s Showcase for Diabetic Complications ■Diabetic Retinopathy:The Greatest Threat to Vision ■Laser:It May Save Your Vision,but Don’t Get Burned! ■Controlling Retinopathy Naturally ■Magnesium:The Case ofthe Disappearing Mineral ■Promising Nutritional Approaches ■Summary ■Recommendations chap ter t welve Retina and Optic Nerve 187 Age-Related Macular Degeneration ■Parts ofthe Retina ■Types ofMacular Degeneration ■Causes ofMacular Degeneration ■Nutritional Considerations ■Other Lifestyle Risk Factors ■Staying Dry:Self-Monitoring ■Surgery for Macular Degeneration ■Retinal Detachment ■Macular Holes and Pucker ■High Blood Pressure and the Eye ■Retinal Blood Vessel Occlusions ■Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome ■Toxoplasmosis ■Optic Nerve Problems chap ter thirteen Special Topics 235 Uveitis ■Headaches ■Thyroid Disorders ■Parkinson’s Disease ■Herpes Infections ■AIDS ■Optimizing Infant Vision ■Drug Side Effects v contents chap ter fourteen A Primer on Nutrition 277 Energy Sources ■Fiber ■Vitamins ■Minerals ■Phytochemicals Notes 305 Glossary 311 Selected Resources 321 Bibliography 323 Index 329 vi IMPORTANT NOTICE The purpose ofthis book is educational.Ifyou have medical problems or are on medication,any decisions concerning your care,including changes in diet,medications,or supplements,should be made only under the supervision ofa competent physician.Ifyou have any ques- tions regarding information in this book,you can contact Dr.Lavine through his Web site at http://www.drlavine.org. This page intentionally left blank. Foreword T HE EYESARE MIRACULOUS MACHINES.THESE TINY PERFECT organs focus images from great distances,track movement,tell us about depth—and provide all this in vivid color.These miniature cameras are so complex,it’s no wonder we entrust their care only to highly trained pro- fessionals.Unlike our skin,which we dab with salves and potions,or our hearts,which we strengthen with exercise and diets,our eyes are strictly the province of specialists with bewildering diagnostic instruments and treat- ments that are more astounding every day. But even in this complex area of medicine,some of the most powerful interventions are those we make ourselves.Take macular degeneration,for example.This relentless damage to the retina is a leading cause ofblindness in older people.Yet research shows that a few simple,but important,changes in diet can help us hold this disease at arm’s length. People who eat plenty ofgreen leafy vegetables cut their risk ofmacular degeneration dramatically.The credit goes to powerful protectors,called lutein and zeaxanthin,hidden in plant foods.More protection comes from avoiding fatty foods.Whether because avoiding fats allows blood to flow more easily through the tiny vessels in the eyes or for some other reason,people who choose a lean vegetarian entrée instead ofchicken salad do themselves a huge favor,not just for their hearts,but for their eyes,too. ix Copyright 2001 by Jay B. Levine. Click Here for Terms of Use.
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