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Scatnh QeR C odes . tJoo iCnBE Sx aBmo oks 00 CBSF BQ RC ode CBSl nstraQgRrC aomd e __-_ --___-_ --_-__� -_- �- ,- ..._,,_ ..- _.,... M1crob1oloSgri apl1.f1ed - M&i&i I,;. S: 1P9 1 Ana6tYffy _______ _1,,_z, _.,. ........ ._ -_.:..,...,.._ . Fourth Edition K Raviraj MBBS MD (Anatomy) VD Agrawal DCH CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd •New Delhi • Bengaluru • Chennai • Kochi • Kolkata • Mumbai •Hyderabad • Nagpur • Patna • Pune • Vijayawada DISCLAIMER This book contains questions based on important topics frequently asked in previous years National Level PG Entrance Examinations & State Level Examinations in India. Often repeated topics and sub-topics have been included for students’ benefit. We do not claim that these questions are exact or similar to questions asked in any recent examinations in India. If any such similarity is found, it is purely coincidental and by chance. ISBN: 978-81-945234-8-2 Copyright © Authors and Publishers Fourth Edition: 2020 Third Edition: 2019-20 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system without permission, in writing, from the authors and the publishers. Published by Satish Kumar Jain and produced by Varun Jain for CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd 4819/XI Prahlad Street, 24 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002, India. Ph: +91-11-23289259, 23266861, 23266867 Website: www.cbspd.com Fax: 011-23243014 e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]. Corporate Office: 204 FIE, Industrial Area, Patparganj, Delhi 110 092 Ph: +91-11-4934 4934 Fax: 4934 4935 e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Branches • Bengaluru: Seema House 2975, 17th Cross, K.R. Road, Banasankari 2nd Stage, Bengaluru 560 070, Karnataka Ph: +91-80-26771678/79 Fax: +91-80-26771680 e-mail: [email protected] • Chennai: 7, Subbaraya Street, Shenoy Nagar, Chennai 600 030, Tamil Nadu Ph: +91-44-26680620, 26681266 Fax: +91-44-42032115 e-mail: [email protected] • Kochi: 68/1534, 35, 36-Power House Road, Opp. KSEB, Cochin-682018, Kochi, Kerala Ph: +91-484-4059061-65 Fax: +91-484-4059065 e-mail: [email protected] • Kolkata: 6/B, Ground Floor, Rameswar Shaw Road, Kolkata-700 014, West Bengal Ph: +91-33-22891126, 22891127, 22891128 e-mail: [email protected] • Mumbai: 83-C, Dr E Moses Road, Worli, Mumbai-400018, Maharashtra Ph: +91-22-24902340/41 Fax: +91-22-24902342 e-mail: [email protected] Representatives • Hyderabad +91-9885175004 • Patna +91-9334159340 • Pune +91-9623451994 • Vijayawada +91-9000660880 Printed at: Dedication The book is dedicated to my parents and my dear wife K Raviraj From the Publisher’s Desk Dear Readers, I extend my warm welcome and convey my heartfelt thanks for appreciating the CBS Exam Books for another successful year. It has been an amazing journey so far and I am highly grateful for your support and cooperation to help us achieve various milestones in this whole span of time. The mission with which we started in the year 2015 was to bring nothing but the best of everything to our target audience and today I can proudly say that we have maintained that standard and are committed to continue the same in future as well. Every single title under the banner of CBS Exam Books has been developed and nurtured like an infant. The authors and our entire team work day and night to bring the best in everything for you. Be it content, presentation, social media contests and offers, we strive to meet your expectations with every passing year. Your trust has motivated us to maintain and upgrade ourselves during this period. I am extremely thankful to all our authors who are the real pillars of the complete series of CBS Exam Books. The contributions of our esteemed authors have laid the foundations of CBS Exam Books. At this juncture, I can recall these lines by Drake, “Sometimes it’s the journey that teaches you a lot about your destination”. We have grown and changed with the passage of time to upgrade our ways of providing our readers with maximum benefits and help them manage their time and efforts in effective manner. Previous year was the year of great achievements. Let me show you a glimpse of our successful journey: • Most of the titles of CBS Exam Books received wide acceptance and recognition by the readers of proving their usefulness and supremacy. To mention a few, SARP Anatomy, CRISP, Surgery Sixer, Complete Review of Pathology, Conceptual Review of Pharmacology, SOCH, Forensic Medicine, Complete Review of Medicine, Conceptual Review of PSM, MICRONS, My PGMEE Notes, AIIMS MedEasy, and PRIMEs. With your constant support and our consistent efforts, I am sure that we will together witness an exponential acceptance of all CBS Exam Books in coming future as well. • The presence of CBS Exam Books has broadened through our various social media platforms. We have received great appreciation for our regular Facebook activities such as online test series, giveaways, scientific content for knowledge enhancement, authors’ live sessions, and various contests, like Bid 2 Win, Fastest Finger First, Book Fair and Facebook Community Awards. Join us on all these platforms to avail and enjoy our exciting offers and benefits. A book is incomplete if it does not have the right readers. We value you and your feedback. Please share your feedback and suggestions directly with me at [email protected]. We promise to deliver in our books, what you desire to see. I would like to sum up with these eternal lines of Robert Frost: Woods are lovely dark and deep, But I have promises to keep. And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep! Wishing you success in all your endeavors! Bhupesh Arora Vice President – Publishing & Marketing (PGMEE and Nursing Division) Email: [email protected] Mobile: (+91) 9555590180 PPrreeffaaccee The world is growing more and more competitive in almost all the fields, and the field of medicine is no exception. Almost every budding media dreams of becoming a specialist or a super specialist as soon as possible, for which he has to prepare for various entrance examinations like NEET PG, AIIMS, PGI Chandigarh, JIPMER, etc. The time available is very short, yet the young doctors are expected to master all the major nonclinical and clinical subjects in order to survive the competition and come out with flying colors. Of all the subjects, aspirants generally find difficult to study nonclinical subjects like anatomy, physiology, etc. as these subjects are taught in first year of MBBS curriculum. However, without mastering these subjects, scoring high marks in competitive entrance examinations is almost impossible. In this fourth edition, content has been modified as per the requirements of competitive examinations. Throughout the book anatomy is integrated with all other clinical subjects like Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine, Pediatrics, etc. so that aspirants can have solid foundation on anatomy in relation to the other subjects. For the first time, real-time Cadaveric images have been added. The question bank has been updated till January 2020. As usual, book has been kept simple and easy to follow to help readers save a lot of time so that they can concentrate on other subjects as well. Hope those who are preparing for PG entrance examinations will find this book easy, relevant and concise. As the saying goes, to err is human, therefore comments, suggestions and corrections are always welcome. Wish you all the very best! K Raviraj VD Agrawal Acknowledgements viii K I express my sincere gratitude to my parents Mr Kuppusamy and Mrs Bagyalakhsmi C I also extend my sincere thanks to my beloved wife Mrs Nivetha Raviraj for constant love and support throughout this E N project D My heartfelt thanks to my brothers Mr Thirupathy MBA, Mr Manikandan BCom BL for their constant support N I also extend my sincere thanks to Mr Dheena Dhalayan BE (ECE) A I have no words to express my immense gratitude to Dr Rajamahendren Mch (Surgical Gastroenterology) and D A Dr Antan MCh (Urology) Founders/Directors of KONCPT. E Sincere heartfelt thanks to my guru Dr HR Krishna Rao (MS Anatomy), Dean of PESIMSR H I also extend my sincere thanks to Dr Arun Kumar MD Pharamacology, Director of AdrPlexus Dr Rakesh Nair DM (Nephrology) and also to entire team of Thrissur Medical College Alumni Association Dr Vishnu TDMC Alumni Association Dr Sunny Synapse Medical Academy Dr Asmath and Dr Bejohn, Med PG Thrissur Dr Ramana Dr Khaleel, Arise Medical Academy Dr Pragadeeswaran MS ENT Dr Jeevanantham, Dr Raja, Dr Rohit MS Ortho, Dr Muthukumar MD Anaesthesia, Dr Mohanaraj MD Paediatrics, Dr Nilesh Raj MD Pharmacology, Dr Parthiban MD Pharmacology, Dr Karthickeyan Dr Parathasarathy MD community Medicine, Dr Ramprabhahar MD Community Medicine, Dr Dinesh MD Psychiatry Dr Rajmohan MD General Medicine, Dr Anand MD Pulmonology, Dr Aishwarya MS ENT Dr Dileep MD Anatomy, Dr Vinnarasi MD Anatomy, Dr Gajapriya MD Anatomy, Dr Soorya Sridhar MD Anatomy I would like to thank Mr Satish Kumar Jain (Chairman) and Mr Varun Jain (Managing Director), M/s CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt Ltd for providing me the platform in bringing out the book. I have no words to describe the role, efforts, inputs and initiatives undertaken by Mr Bhupesh Arora, (Vice President – Publishing & Marketing, PGMEE and Nursing Division) for helping and motivating me. I sincerely thank the entire CBS team for bringing the book colorful with utmost care and attractive presentation. I thank y Dr Mrinalini Bakshi (Editorial Head & Content Strategist) for her editorial support and Ms Nitasha Arora (Production m Head & Content Strategist), Dr Anju Dhir (Project Manager & Senior Scientific Coordinator), Mr Shivendu Bhushan o t Pandey (Senior Editor), Mr Ashutosh Pathak (Senior Proof Reader) and all the production team members, a Mr Chaman Lal, Mr Prakash Gaur, Mr Phool Kumar, Mr Bunty Kashyap, Mr Chander Mani, Ms Tahira Parveen, n A Ms Babita Verma, Ms Manorama Gupta, Mr Raju Sharma, Mr Manoj Chaudhary, Mr Vikram Chaudhary, Mr Manoj s Malakar and Mr Rahul Negi for devoting laborious hours in designing and typesetting of the book. e i K Raviraj r e S P R A S w e N