Anatomy - Fit and Functional the Trainer Educator

88 Pages·2008·2.88 MB·English

Anatomy
Introduction:
Structures and Movement
Structures
Bones
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Joints
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Muscles
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Nerves
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Blood vessels
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Bones
The human body
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contains 206 bones
5 different types of
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bone
Long
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Short
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Flat
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Sesamoid
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Irregular
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Anatomical Landmarks of Bone
Tuberosity: Large bump on
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the bone
Process: Projection from
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the bone
Tubercle: Smaller bump on
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the bone
All 3 of these prominences
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usually serve as
attachment for other
structures
Spine or Spinous process:
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Typically a longer and
thinner projection of bone,
unlike any of the other
prominences.
Anatomical Lanmarks Cont.
Condyle: The long bony knobs at either end of a
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lone bone.
Epicondyles: Small bony knobs that sometimes
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appear just above the condyles of a bone.
Fossa: A smooth, hollow surface on a bone, usually
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functions as a source of attachment for other
structures.
Facet: A smaller flatter smooth surface that
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functions as a source of attachment for other
structures.
Notch: An area of bone that appears to be cut out
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and allows for the passage of other structures such
as blood vessels or nerves.
Joints
A joint (articulation) is the place where
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two or more bones join together.
Two major forms of joints.
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Diarthrodial
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Synarthrodial
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Diarthrodial Joints
Also known as synovial joints.
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These are the joints where the
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most movement occurs.
Divided into six different
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subdivisions by their shape.
Hinge
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Ball and Socket
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Irregular
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Condyloid
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Saddle
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Pivot
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Diarthrodial Joints Cont.
Hinge Joint: This joint has one concave surface,
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with the other surface looking like a spool of thread.
The elbow joint is an example of a hinge joint.
Ball and Socket: This joint consists of the rounded
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head of one bone fitting into the cuplike cavity of
another bone. It is capable of movement in 3 planes
of motion about three axes. Both the hip and the
shoulder joint are examples of a ball and socket.
Irregular joint: This joint consists of irregulary
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shaped surfaces that are typically either flat or
slightly rounded . The joints between the bones of
the wrist (carpals) are an example of an irregular
joint.
Diarthrodial Joints Cont.
Condyloid Joint: This type of joint consists of one
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convex surface fitting into a concave surface, it is
similar to the ball and socket but the condyloid joint
is only capable of movement in two planes about
two axes.
Saddle Joint: This type of joint is often considered a
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modification of the condyloid joint. Both bones
hhave a surface that is convex in one direction and
concave in the opposite direction like a saddle.
These joints are rare, and the best example is th
joint between the wrist and thumb.
The Pivot Joint: This joint consists of one bone that
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rotates about the other bone. An example of a pivot
joint is the radius bone rotating on the humerus.
Synarthrodial Joints
Unlike diarthrodial joints, synarthrodial joints have
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no seperation or joint cavity.
There are three subdivisions of synarthrodial joints.
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Sutured
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Cartilaginous
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Ligamentous
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