Anatomy and physiology of the male PDF
Preview Anatomy and physiology of the male
26/04/2017 Reproductive Biotechnologies – Andrology I Anatomy and physiology of the male Prof. Alberto Contri Anatomy of the male • Testis and membranes of the testis • Excurrent duct system • Glands of the reproductive tract • Structures for the copulation 1 26/04/2017 Anatomy of the male Gonads localization Perienal Inguinal What is common? Suspended outside the abdomen Anatomy of the male Scrotum - layers Integument Superficial Dartos Spermatic fascia Cremaster muscle Deep Vaginal tunic parietal visceral 2 26/04/2017 Anatomy of the male Cremaster muscle Scrotum Integument Dartos Spermatic fascia Vaginal tunic parietal visceral Anatomy of the male Layers derived from the absominal wall Scrotum and dartos Integument and subc. tissue Superficial vaginal Superficial abdominal fascia (spermatic) fascia Cremaster muscle Muscles of the abdomen Deep vaginal Deep abdominal fascia – (spermatic) fascia transversalis fascia Vaginal tunic Peritoneum 3 26/04/2017 Anatomy of the male Scrotum – skin and dartos • Suspension and protection of the testis • Involved in the termoregulation Anatomy of the male Cremaster muscle • Striated muscle • Voluntary muscle • Connected with the inguinal ring 4 26/04/2017 Anatomy of the male Spermatic fascia Component of the inguinal canal Aid movement of the testis Anatomy of the male Vaginal tunic Derived from the peritoneum Superficial Deep Form a vaginal cavity Follow the testes during the descent 5 26/04/2017 Anatomy of the male Testis Two crucial functions 1 - Gametogenic 2 - Endocrine Anatomy of the male Testis Different orientation in different species cranial caudal caudal cranial Stallion – ventrocaudal major axis Ruminants – vertical major axis caudal Dog and boar – dorsocaudal major axis cranial 6 26/04/2017 Anatomy of the male Vessels of the testis Spermatic cord Within the vaginal canal - deferent duct - testicular artery - testicular venous Evaluation – gap fill test cremaster muscle spermatic tunica incomplete cavity spermatic fascia complete dartos subcutaneous tissue skin pouch layers The scrotum is a __________(1) containing the testis and is made of a series of _______(2). Externally the integument and the __________(3), internally the _____________(4), followed by the ___________(5). The _______________ (6) is _____________ (7) and attachs to the spermatic fascia. 7 26/04/2017 Physiology of the male Descent of the testis Original position near the kidney Moves at different ages – fetus Drived by the gumernaculum testis Physiology of the male Descent of the testis Residuals of the gubernaculum testis testicular proper ligament ligament of the epididymis tail scrotal ligament 8 26/04/2017 Physiology of the male Thermoregulation Working temperature lower (2-6°C) than body temperature Increased temperture affect sperm production Relative common cause of infertility in some species Physiology of the male Thermoregulation Mechanisms of thermoregulation: Mechanic: crematere muscle – tunica dartos Thermic exchange: pampiniferous plexus 9 26/04/2017 Physiology of the male Thermoregulation Evaporation at the scrotal surface Reduced temperature Reduced temperature of the arterial blood of the venous blood Thermal exchange between V and A at the pampiniferous plexus Physiology of the male 10
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